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PubMed2004

Amplifying the manganese scavenging potential of Streptococcus zooepidemicus to reactive oxygen species during production of hyaluronic acid.

Streptococcus zooepidemicus (SZ) is an aerotolerant bacteria and its ability to survive under reactive oxidant challenge raises the question of the existence of a defense system. Thus growth, hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by SZ in the presence of increasing concentration of Mn2+ were studied. The results suggested that the tested strain supported growth and HA production in cultures treated with 1 and 10 mM of Mn2+ regardless of H2O2 presence in the medium. This showed that SZ have acquired elaborate defense mechanisms to scavenge oxygen toxicity and thus protect cells from direct and indirect effect of this radical. In contrast, cells treated with 25 mM Mn2+ were sensitive, in which, the HA production was reduced considerably. Thus showing that the oxygen scavenger systems of the cells may be fully saturated at this concentration.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed2004

Group C streptococcal bacteremia: a case report from India.

Group C streptococci are a common cause of infection in animals and a rare cause of bacteremia in human beings. The entity is often seen in elderly people with a severe underlying illness. We report here the only case of Group C streptococcal bacteremia reported in our hospital, caused by Streptococcus equisimilis, a beta-hemolytic Group C streptococcus. The patient was a 10-year old male with a known history of aplastic anemia. In spite of specific therapy with penicillin, the outcome was fatal.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Clinical pharmacologic aspects of cefixime in dogs.

The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefixime, a new third-generation orally administered caphalosporin, was determined for reference and clinical isolates from dogs. The MIC of the drug for all but 1 of the 18 Enterobacteriaceae isolates tested, 1 Pasteurella canis, 1 Rhodococcus equi, 1 Streptococcus canis, and 1 Streptococcus group G isolate, was less than 1.0 microgram/ml. The MIC for 9 Staphylococcus intermedius isolates ranged from 1.56 to 6.25 micrograms/ml and, for 8 Sta aureus isolates, the MIC values ranged from 1.56 to 12.5 micrograms/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces sp, and a single Bordetella bronchiseptica isolate were considered resistant to cefixime. Cefixime was administered orally in 2 phases at a standard dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight to clinically normal adult male and female dogs. In the first phase, the drug was given once as a capsule and once as a suspension. In the second phase, it was administered once per day for 6 consecutive days in capsule form. Serum drug concentration was determined by use of a microbiological assay, and the following kinetic values were estimated for each dog: area under the concentration-time curve, peak serum drug concentration (Cmax), time of Cmax, absorption half-life, and elimination half-life (t1/2el). The kinetic profile of the drug in serum after oral administration of a single dose of cefixime was similar, with mean Cmax values of 3.36 and 4.76 micrograms/ml after treatment with the capsule and suspension, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Antiphagocytic properties of uterine isolates of Streptococcus zooepidemicus and mechanisms of killing in freshly obtained blood of horses.

A total of 22 clinical streptococcal isolates, predominantly Streptococcus zooepidemicus, associated with endometritis in horses were tested for their ability to withstand the natural bactericidal properties of freshly obtained blood. During a 3-hour incubation in blood from a single horse, 8 of these isolates survived and grew, the remainder were killed. To determine whether this ability to grow extended to blood of other horses, 5 of these growing isolates were tested for their ability to grow in the blood of 5 additional horses. The same 5 horses were used for each isolate. The isolates grew in blood of some of the horses, but were killed in blood of the others. However, the horse's blood that mediated killing was different for each isolate. Killing required leukocytes, but the specificity for killing appeared to reside in plasma, although plasma by itself was not bactericidal. Heat-stable and heat-labile components in plasma, interpreted as antibody and complement, respectively, appeared necessary for killing. Isolates that could grow in fresh blood lost this ability after 10 passages in artificial media. Results of these experiments of phagocytosis in fresh blood may provide helpful insights into the phagocytosis of S zooepidemicus in equine uterine fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of potentiated chlorhexidine on bacteria and tarsocrural joints in ponies.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the bactericidal properties of chlorhexidine diacetate (CHD) after potentiation with EDTA and Tris buffer (EDTA-Tris), and to find a potentiated CHD concentration that would achieve 90 to 100% killing for all bacteria tested. ANIMALS: 6 adult ponies. PROCEDURES: Serial dilutions of CHD, CHD in EDTA-Tris and EDTA-Tris alone were evaluated for bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. The tarsocrural joints of 6 ponies were lavaged with either 1 L phosphate-buffered saline solution (control) or 1 L of 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris. Synovial fluid was collected before lavage and on days 1,4, and 8. Synovia, cartilage, and bone with cartilage were collected on day 8 when the ponies were euthanatized. RESULTS: In vitro results indicated that 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris was 90% lethal to all bacteria tested. Results of synovial fluid analysis, glycosaminoglycan analysis, and histologic examination of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage indicated that joint lavage with 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris was not detrimental to the synovium or the articular cartilage of pony tarsocrural joints. Changes observed were a result of the actual lavage process, the phosphate-buffered saline solution, and hemarthrosis. CONCLUSIONS: A concentration of 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris was 90% lethal to all bacteria tested. Pony tarsocrural joint lavage with 0.0005% CHD in EDTA-Tris was not detrimental to the synovium or the articular cartilage. The efficacy of 0.0005% CHD potentiated with EDTA-Tris as a potential joint lavage fluid for treatment of infectious arthritis needs to be evaluated in clinical patients.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An outbreak of Streptococcus zooepidemicus-caused infection among laboratory primates].

An outbreak of septicemia caused by S. zooepidemicus in representatives of 5 species of lower monkeys, viz. Macaca mulatta (5), Macaca nemestrina (1), Macaca fascicularis (2), Cercopithecus aethiops (2), Mandrillus sphinx (1), is described. The disease was accompanied by the symptoms of enteric infection and well responded to etiotropic therapy with antibiotics of the penicillin row. The source of this infection was not established. Until now it is one of few descriptions of enteric infection in lower monkeys caused by S.zooepidemicus.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Mycotic aortic aneurysm after appendectomy].

Mycotic aneurysms are a rare complication of septic diseases. Frequently they are recognized only in an advanced stage, with resulting poor prognosis. This case report describes a perforated mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm following appendectomy. Bacterial culture revealed the presence of streptococcus zooepidemicus, an unusual finding in humans.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Group C streptococcal infection in a term newborn infant.

Group C streptococci were recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid of a term infant with symptoms whose mother had received intrapartum antibiotic therapy for chorioamnionitis. This case highlights that beta-hemolytic streptococci of Lancefield groups other than A or B can be isolated from a normally sterile site and should be considered as pathogens. It also underscores the potential importance of sampling cerebrospinal fluid in an infant with symptomatic suspected sepsis, especially in the setting of exposure to maternal antimicrobial agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Sepsis of the common digital extensor tendon sheath secondary to hemicircumferential periosteal transection in a foal.

A 4-month-old Quarter Horse was admitted for evaluation of infection that developed following bilateral hemicircumferential periosteal transection and elevation. Sepsis of the common digital extensor tendon sheath was diagnosed. Treatment included lavage of the tendon sheath, placement of an indwelling drain for lavage after surgery, establishment of drainage, and administration of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs. Three months after treatment, the foal was clinically normal.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteremia due to streptococcus zooepidemicus associated with an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Group C streptococci are a common cause of infection in animals but a rare cause of infection in man. To our knowledge, the English literature contains only three cases of arteriosclerotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta (AAA) secondarily infected with group C Beta-hemolytic Streptococci. Two cases did not survive in spite of adequate antibiotic therapy. One patient responded to aortic repair with a bifurcated woven dacron graft followed by four weeks of high-dose intravenous penicillin. This article describes our clinical experience with a patient who survived an atherosclerotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and S. zooepidemicus infection.

Aged↗