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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[In vitro tests of internal tooth whitening agents on colored solutions do not replace tests on teeth].

Two in vitro tests for the assessment of whitening agents were evaluated. A simple, reproducible and cost-effective model using coloured solutions was compared to a tooth model. The following bleaching agents were investigated: 1) Sodium perborate tetrahydrate/30% H2O2, 2) sodium perborate tetrahydrate/3% H2O2, 3) thermocatalytic procedure with 30% H2O2 and 4) Opal-escence Endo. In the model using coloured solutions, the light absorption of the solutions was assessed one and 24 hours after application of the whitening agents. In discoloured teeth, whitening agents were placed in a simulated access cavity. In groups 1, 2, and 4, the agents were left in the cavity for three days, whereas in group 3 the substance was applied three times for 30 seconds. Bleaching processes were repeated three times. All bleaching agents proved effective in the model with coloured solutions, as well as in the tooth model. The effect was most pronounced after the first bleaching step. The results showed, however, that the simplified experiment with coloured solutions cannot replace the tooth model.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral changes associated with end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation: implications for dental management.

In children, chronic liver disease has a variety of causes; its effects include malnutrition, bleeding tendencies, osteopenia, and rachitic changes in the skeleton. Chronic liver disease in children may have many oral manifestations, such as green staining of the teeth and gingiva, as well as enamel hypoplasia. Dental management may be complicated by many factors, like bleeding tendencies and inability to metabolize routine anesthetics. Patients who undergo increasingly successful liver transplantation require life-long immunosuppressive therapy, which has side-effects. Results of this study of nine patients, seven females and two males, show that the effects of end-stage liver disease are permanently recorded on the teeth. Six were examined both before and after liver transplantation; the other three, only afterwards. This study confirms and extends the findings of three previous reports describing the oral manifestations of congenital biliary atresia in childhood.

Biliary Atresia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Macroscopic enamel defects of primary anterior teeth--types, prevalence, and distribution.

A total of 40.7% of 509 exfoliated primary anterior teeth from children who were healthy products of uneventful pregnancies exhibited at least one macroscopic enamel defect. Twenty percent of the teeth exhibited hypoplastic defects (HD), 12.4% exhibited white-cream opacities (WCO), and 9.8% exhibited yellow-brown opacities (YBO). Slightly more than a third (33.6%) of the teeth had defects we considered to be developmental enamel defects (DED). The occurrence of DED did not vary with gender, side of mouth, individual tooth types, or racial background. DED occurred with increased frequency on maxillary teeth, facial surfaces, and the middle third of affected surfaces. These locations have thicker enamel than other sites and may be more susceptible to insult if vulnerability is a function of metabolic demand of the rapidly secreting ameloblasts. Twenty-five per cent of the maxillary incisors and 10.1% of the mandibular incisors exhibited HD whose locations coincided with enamel forming at birth. A third (33.3%) of the canines exhibited HD, which occurred most commonly in the middle third of the facial surfaces. These defects are believed to occur approximately six months postnatally and may be primarily due to mechanical trauma. YBO most commonly occurred on the middle third of the facial surfaces, while WCO on the gingival third. Neither YBO nor WCO followed a chronologic pattern.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Toothbrushing with the root of Euclea natalensis.

The custom of cleaning teeth and the gums with a chewed root of the tree Euclea natalensis, in the belief that it benefits oral health, is practised in South Africa by married women of an African Zanzibari community. The root of E. natalensis contains naphthoquinones which are bactericidal and, as they are also pigments, the mouths of the root users are stained bright orange. Samples of fresh root were tested against Streptococcus mutans and organisms in saliva and from deep periodontal pockets. Aerobic as well as anaerobic bacterial growth was suppressed in all instances. In addition we compared the plaque index (Silness et Löe), the periodontal index (CPITN), the DMFT and the state of the oral mucosa of root users and non-users. No significant differences were recorded in any of the variables. Although the beneficial effects claimed for this custom may have scientific validity, it is concluded that the daily practice is too limited to have a demonstrable beneficial effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Traumatic injuries to teeth in Swedish children living in an urban area.

The prevalence of dental injuries in the permanent dentition was studied in a population comprising 1635 Swedish school children aged 7-15 years. A retrospective study of dental injuries in the deciduous dentition was also carried out. A total of 483 (30%) children in the material had experienced dental injuries. Twelve per cent of the injuries had been sustained before the age of 7 years and 18 per cent after that age. The majority of injuries had occurred between the ages 3-10 years. In the permanent dentition, over 75 per cent of the injuries recorded had been sustained before the age of 11 years. Boys had a higher trauma frequency than girls, the sex ratio being 1.2:1 in the deciduous dentition and 1.6:1 in the permanent dentition. Thirty per cent of the injured deciduous teeth required some kind of treatment. The corresponding figure for the permanent dentition was 46 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The clinical significance and management of calcific pulp obliteration.

In this paper, the biological events that give rise to the radiographic appearance called calcific pulp obliteration will be described, as will the anatomical and histological changes that attend its presence. There will also be a review of the studies that explore the relative incidence of this pulp change subsequent to trauma, and the incidence of attending periapical disease that should indicate to the clinician that some form of treatment is required. Finally, the endodontic management of these teeth will be described with emphasis on the types of adjustments that can be made to minimize the chance for a procedural accident.

Dental Pulp Calcification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental findings of children with biliary atresia: report of seven cases.

Patients with congenital biliary atresia (CBA) showed green staining of the teeth and soft tissues. Current cases of biliary atresia show various degrees of green staining in the primary and/or permanent dentition, suggesting a correlation between the degree of staining and the severity of the disease. Rampant caries was found in five out of seven patients. The importance of meticulous oral hygiene should be emphasized.

Biliary Atresia↗
PubMed1975

The teeth.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta↗
PubMed1989

[Conservative applications on treatment of teeth with esthetic problem].

Today with the development of new restorative materials, the esthetic problems of the anterior teeth because of hypoplazies, fluorizes, fractures shape, form or color irregularities can be treated with conservative preventive and esthetic techniques such as bleaching, surface coating, cosmetic contouring and composite laminate veneering. These procedures are usefull adjuncts and economic alternatives to more extensive procedures such as crown applications. In this study, the young patients who have esthetic and psychologic problems due to color, form, shape, surface texture abnormalities and fractures of their anterior teeth were treated with bleaching, composite laminate veneer and cosmetic contouring techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Dental aspects of patients with cystic fibrosis: a preliminary clinical study.

The oral conditions of 42 patients being treated for cystic fibrosis were evaluated. The patients were grouped by age and, in some aspects, were compared with a small control group of their siblings. The patient group had a lowered incidence of plaque and less gingival disease than did the control group in which every person had some amount of plaque or gingival disease. Calculus formation was minimal. The reasons for the finding of minimal plaque in the patient group could be related to several factors, including the life-long use of various antibiotic agents, the chewing of digestive enzyme supplements, the effect of medical management on tooth hardness, and the effect of stained teeth (possible tetracycline deposition) on the plaque microorganisms. It appears that the therapy for cystic fibrosis was beneficial to the periodontal health of these patients. Much further study is needed to understand the interrelationship between an altered oral environment (salivary changes in cystic fibrosis), altered microbial flora (by antibiotics, enzymes) and even altered tooth surfaces (possible tetracycline deposition). Most patients were found to have one or more oral habits. Tooth mobility was associated with tension habits. Patients who had clubbed fingers (indicating pulmonary compromise) and possibly a severe disease process, did not appear to have either stained teeth or the severity of the gingivitis associated with this. The relationship of tetracycline to tooth staining could not be pinpointed.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of the air-powder abrasive device on the tooth and periodontium: an overview.

The characteristics of the air-powder abrasive device (APAD) was reviewed from the current dental literature and found to be an excellent alternative to traditional methods for stain and plaque removal. Access to crowded teeth, grooves and involved furcation areas are easily obtainable with less operator fatigue. The APAD slurry produces different root surface abrasiveness, depending on the method of use. Extended maintenance periods of exposed root surface using the APAD can result in an enormous loss of root structure. To avoid permanent damage of the root, the device should be used with overlapping strokes and root exposure to the APAD slurry should be minimized. The device can be used for total cementum removal with less operator fatigue and more reproducibility than with hand instruments, leaving smooth and clean surfaces. In addition, the device may be a valuable tool in the detoxification of root surfaces during periodontal surgery.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of trauma to the primary incisors on their permanent successors: multidisciplinary treatment.

Dental trauma can often be a factor in developing a malocclusion. Although the prevalence of severely affected permanent teeth following trauma to their predecessors is relatively low, each case may present a variety of sequelae. The purpose of the following report was to present the problems confronting the dentist when treating children after serious injury to their primary incisors. A brief summary of the sequelae of trauma to the primary dentition as found in a longitudinally followed sample, as well as in the representative case of a ten-year-old girl, are presented. The need for prolonged follow-up, originality in the solution, and a multidisciplinary treatment approach are stressed.

Child↗