PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Tranexamic Acid”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A controlled trial of tranexamic acid therapy for the reduction of bleeding during treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

In order to determine the efficacy of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TA) in reducing bleeding and platelet transfusions during the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we conducted a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Patients with AML undergoing induction or postremission consolidation chemotherapy were randomized into TA or placebo groups. Patients were not given platelet transfusions prophylactically but only when bleeding occurred. The severity of any bleeding event was scored. Thirty eight patients were randomized during induction. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of bleeding events and their severity or in the number of platelet transfusions given. Eighteen patients were studied during consolidation. In contrast, to the induction period, during consolidation there was a significantly less severe bleeding tendency in the TA group resulting in a lower platelet transfusion requirement [3.7 +/- 4.1 vs. 9.3 +/- 3.3 platelet units (p < .05)]. TA was well tolerated and no side effects were seen and no specific thromboembolic events were noticed. We conclude that giving TA during the thrombocytopenic period of AML patients undergoing consolidation chemotherapy is beneficial and safely reduces platelet transfusions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Effect of p-hydroxyphenyl-propionic ester of tranexamic acid hydrochloride (Cetraxate) on peptic ulcer. Multi-center clinical study.

The therapeutic effects of a new antiulcer drug, a p-hydroxyphenyl-propionic ester of tranexamic acid (cetraxate, CET) hydrochloride, were investigated in 234 patients with gastric ulcer by double blind controlled study using trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl-5,9,13-trimethyltetradeca-4,8,12-trienoate (gefarnate) as the standard drug in 18 medical institutions. The cure rates confirmed by endoscopic examination in CET-treated patients were 28, 61 and 73% each after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of medication, while those in gefarnate-treated patients were 23, 47 and 55%, respectively, with statistical significance after 8 and 12 weeks. Global utility rate based on the judgement by the physician in charge also supported the results with cure rate. Stratified analysis again confirmed the superiority of CET hydrochloride against gefarnate in the hospitalized patients in terms of both cure rate and global utility rate. However, there was no significant difference between the two drugs as to the effects in the out-patients. Among the symptoms, there was also a significant difference between the improvement rate of epigastralgia with the two drugs in favour of CET hydrochloride. No serious side effects were reported throughout the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Tranexamic acid: a "diuretic" for the peritoneal membrane?

The aim of the study was to use an animal model to investigate the mechanisms by which tranexamic acid (TNA) increases ultrafiltration (UF) volume. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in three groups (n = 10, each group). Group 1 was dialyzed with conventional dialysis solution, group 2 with conventional fluid plus low-dose TNA (300 mg/L), and group 3 with conventional fluid plus high-dose TNA (3000 mg/L). A PD catheter was inserted into each animal, and 25 mL of the designated dialysis fluid was injected twice daily for two weeks, starting seven days after surgery. Peritoneal transport properties (PTP) were measured by modified peritoneal equilibration test (PET), and transcapillary ultrafiltration (TCUF) and lymphatic absorption (LA) were determined by using dextran 70 weekly. Histological examinations of the peritoneum were performed at the end of the experiment. Drained dialysate volume (DDV) decreased in all groups; however, a lower reduction in DDV was seen in the TNA groups. PTP increased and TCUF decreased in all groups. LA increased in Group 1, but was unchanged in the other groups. No significant histological changes of the peritoneum were observed in any group. This study confirmed that, in rats, TNA maintained UF volume by reducing LA without serious adverse effects. We may safely use TNA as a "diuretic" for the peritoneal membrane.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Tranexamic acid for control of haemorrhage in acute promyelocytic leukaemia.

In a double-blind study, 12 consecutive patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia were randomised either to tranexamic acid (TA group) or to placebo (control group) for 6 days to see whether inhibition of fibrinolysis would reduce haemorrhage and transfusion requirements. The total study period was 14 days. In the TA group, there were fewer haemorrhagic episodes, as determined by a scoring system. Packed red cell transfusion requirements decreased; and fewer additional platelet concentrate transfusions were needed. These beneficial effects were more pronounced in the second week. There were no thromboembolic complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A successful treatment of life-threatening bleeding from polycystic kidneys with antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid.

We describe a successful treatment of a severe, persistent bleeding from both kidneys in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with tranexamic acid (TXA), a potent antifibrinolytic agent. The bleeding could not be controlled by intensive conservative treatment, it became life-threatening and urgent bilateral nephrectomy was intended. Since local and systemic hyperfibrinolysis play a role in bleeding in ADPKD patients, we tried TXA treatment. In fact, the massive bleeding promptly stopped, and haematuria gradually ceased. Removal of both kidneys was prevented. After 5 days both ureters became obstructed by blood clots, but placing J-catheters in each pyelon successfully solved this complication. Our case shows that it is reasonable to try antifibrinolytic treatment with TXA in such devastating uncontrolled bleeding.

Antifibrinolytic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Specific functional and immunologic assay of plasma plasminogen in hereditary angioedema, in hereditary angioedema treated with tranexamic acid, and in normal subjects.

Plasma plasminogen levels were determined by a specific esterolytic assay and a radial immunodiffusion assay, both of which were standardized on a weight basis by using highly purified plasminogen diluted in plasminogen-free plasma. In thirteen normal individuals the functional and antigenic levels were 275 +/- 61 microgram/ml and 285 +/- 61 microgram/ml, respectively (r = 0.95), whereas in 58 plasmas from individuals with hereditary angioedema the levels were 272 +/- 58 microgram/ml and 265 +/- 64 microgram/ml, respectively (r = 0.89). In two patients treated with tranexamic acid either acutely or chronically, both the functional and antigenic plasminogen levels were diminished.

Angioedema↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid in elective nasal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Bleeding is the most frequent complication of nasal surgery. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TA), an antifibrinolytic agent, in reducing bleeding during and after nasal surgery. METHODS: The study sample included 400 patients aged 18-60 years who underwent combination functional endoscopic sinus surgery with septoplasty and conchotomy. Two hundred patients were not given a hemostatic agent (control group) and 200 patients were administered 1 g of oral TA three times daily starting 2 hours before surgery, for 5 days. Bleeding was monitored during surgery and for 2 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: Patients given oral TA showed significantly less operative and postoperative bleeding compared with controls. No patients required additional packing, compared with five patients in the control group. Adverse reactions to TA were minimal, and they disappeared when the treatment stopped. CONCLUSION: TA is a safe and effective drug for the reduction of bleeding in nasal surgery. It may be recommended for routine use.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ultrastructural study of the effects of tranexamic acid and urokinase on metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma.

Lewis lung carcinoma cells were implanted in the foot-pads of mice and the effects of the plasminogen-plasmin inhibitor tranexamic acid (t-AMCHA) and of the plasminogen activator urokinase on metastasis were examined by electron microscopy. The intravascular tumour cells were not associated with thrombus formation in either control or urokinase-treated mice. Polymerized fibrin deposition around tumour cells and thrombi composed of fibrin and platelets was observed only in the mice given t-AMCHA. This suggests that the inhibition of fibrinolysis by tACC caused fibrin deposition and thrombus formation around intravascular tumour cells, which prevented release of the cells from primary foci to form secondary tumours. On the other hand, fibrinolysis induced by urokinase prevented thrombus formation, and accelerated cell release from primary foci.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Tranexamic acid in the treatment of anaphylactic shock.

We report the case of a patient with multiple trauma who developed pronounced anaphylactic shock, and was successfully treated with 1000 mg tranexamic acid intravenously (Exacyl). This antifibrinolytic agent is also a potent inhibitor of the complement system and its use for the prevention and treatment of anaphylactic or anaphylactoid shock is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reversal of coagulopathy in Kasabach-Merritt syndrome with tranexamic acid.

An infant with a giant cavernous haemangioma developed a severe consumption coagulopathy and systemic bleeding. Replacement therapy with cryoprecipitate produced only a transient improvement in the abnormal clotting, but the addition of tranexamic acid resulted in sustained correction, permitting corrective surgery to be performed.

Afibrinogenemia↗
PubMed2003

Tranexamic acid is beneficial as adjunctive therapy in treating major upper gastrointestinal bleeding in dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: In a pilot, non-randomized trial we tested the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA), a potent fibrinolytic inhibitor, as adjunctive therapy in standard treatment of major upper gastrointestinal bleeding in dialysis patients. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients (12 male, eight female; 63+/-8 years) with 36 episodes of major upper gastrointestinal bleeding were included in the study. In 16 episodes of bleeding TXA was used (in a dosage of 20 mg intravenously, followed for the next 4 weeks by 10 mg/kg/48 h orally), whereas in 20 other cases of bleeding, TXA was not used. The decision to use TXA was left to the attending physician's clinical judgement, resulting in all the more severe cases of bleeding being treated with TXA. RESULTS: Treatment including TXA was shown to be beneficial (relative to cases not treated with TXA) in terms of decreasing the rate of early re-bleeding (in the first week, 0 vs 6, P<0.05), the rate of early and late re-bleeding (in the first month, 1 vs 8, P<0.05), the rate of repeated endoscopic procedures (in the first month, 1 vs 8, P<0.05) and the number of blood transfusions needed (in the first month, 1.4+/-1.3 vs 2.6+/-1.5 units, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study suggest that TXA can be beneficial in the treatment of major upper gastrointestinal bleeding in dialysis patients. This remains to be definitely confirmed in a randomized study.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Tranexamic acid reduces the need for allogenic red blood cell transfusions in patients undergoing total hip replacement.

PURPOSE: This prospective randomized double-blind trial evaluates the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TA) to decrease blood losses and red blood cell transfusions in patients undergoing primary unilateral total hip replacement (THR). METHODS: Forty ASA class I to III patients received either iv TA 10 mg.kg(-1) bolus before surgery plus a 1 mg.kg(-1).hr(-1) infusion until wound closure (Group TA) or a placebo (Group P). Red blood cell transfusions were administered according to a standardized protocol. RESULTS: One patient of Group P was excluded because of an erroneous diagnosis at enrollment. Total measured blood losses (Group TA: 1308 +/- 462 mL vs Group P: 1469 +/- 405 mL), preoperative hemoglobin levels (Group TA: 130.4 +/- 12.5 g.L(-1) vs Group P: 131.4 +/- 12.8 vs g.L(-1)), and seven-day postoperative hemoglobin values (Group TA: 97.8 +/- 11.8 g.L(-1) vs Group P: 102.9 +/- 12.2 g.L(-1)) were similar. Autologous whole blood was available in five patients of Group P and seven patients of Group TA. Fewer patients in Group TA required red blood cells (Group TA: 6/20 vs Group P: 13/19; P = 0.026) and allogenic red blood cell transfusions (Group TA: 0/20 vs Group P: 8/19; P = 0.0012). The median number of transfused unit per patient was also significantly less in patients of Group TA (0 unit) than in Group P (2 units; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: TA did not change measured blood losses but reduced red blood cell transfusion requirements in patients undergoing primary unilateral THR.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Low-dose tranexamic acid combined with aprotinin in the pre-operative management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Among our patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms 149 were managed pre-operatively with a combination of tranexamic acid (AMCA), 3 gm daily, and aprotinin at an average of 400,000 KIU (Kallikrein inactivating units) daily. Antifibrinolytics were started within three days of the last haemorrhage, and continued for at least six days. The first 91 cases, managed in the years 1971 to 1980, have been evaluated retrospectively. The remaining 58 patients were managed in the period 1981-1985 and carefully watched for possible complications of treatment. No significant differences were noted in the results of patients managed either before or after 1981. The rate of recurrent SAH (10%) was lower than the natural history of aneurysmal SAH. Satisfactory inhibition of fibrinolysis was documented in the CSF collected at the time of operation in 15 patients. This, as well as our previous suggestions that the combination of low-dose AMCA and aprotinin might carry a lesser risk of causing ischaemic complications and hydrocephalus than the conventional antifibrinolytic treatment, might stimulate future studies on fibrinolysis in SAH.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Tranexamic acid in control of primary hemorrhage during transurethral prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether short-term treatment of patients about to undergo transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with tranexamic acid (TXA) would be beneficial in reducing the associated blood loss. METHODS: A prospective and randomized trial was conducted with 136 men requiring TURP for obstructive urinary symptoms. The treatment group received 2 g TXA three times daily on the day of, and first day after, the operation. RESULTS: Short-term TXA treatment significantly reduced the operative blood loss associated with TURP (128 mL versus 250 mL, P = 0.018), and this difference was not a result of the amount of tissue resected between the two groups (16 g versus 16 g, P = 0.415). In addition, TXA treatment reduced the amount of blood loss per gram of resected tissue (8 mL/g versus 13 mL/g, P = 0.020). Furthermore, the volume of irrigating fluid required (15 L versus 18 L, P = 0.004) and operating time (36 minutes versus 48 minutes, P = 0.001) were also reduced. However, TXA treatment did not influence the number of patients requiring a blood transfusion. Six patients in the treatment group (7.2%) and five in the control group (6.8%) required a transfusion (P = 0.709). Moreover, TXA treatment did not affect the duration of catheterization (1 day versus 1 day, P = 0.342) or hospitalization (3 days versus 3 days, P = 0.218). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term TXA treatment is effective in reducing the operative blood loss associated with TURP.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Experience with early panendoscopy and tranexamic acid in a rural hospital.

One hundred and fifty-nine consecutive patients admitted to a small rural hospital because of acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage were studied. Patients with haematemesis and/or melaena were treated with antacids and tranexamic acid from the very beginning and were examined by means of early panendoscopy. All patients were closely observed on a general medical ward by a staff especially trained to deal with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Eight patients required acute surgery. The overall mortality rate was 4.4%. It is concluded that acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage can be successfully handled with modern diagnosis and treatment even in a small hospital.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Effect of tranexamic acid on the fibrinolytic activity of human uterine fluid.

The normally occurring fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid was used to evaluate the possibility of influencing fibrinolytic enzymes liberated in the uterine cavity in humans. Oral and intravenous administration of a synthetic fibrinolytic inhibitor, tranexamic acid, was found to significantly suppress the fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid during the luteal phase. The significance of this observation is discussed in relation to the possible participation of fibrinolytic enzymes during the implantation process in humans as in some other species.

Body Fluids↗