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PubMedDate not supplied

How users and carers view their involvement in nurse education.

User and carer participation in health care is central to care planning and delivery. From an educational perspective, their input is beneficial in terms of enhancing the quality of the education process. The study reported in this paper explored the experiences of user and carer participation in nurse education from the perspective of the key stakeholders involved in the process. By pinpointing key issues of concern for participants, the study aims to help inform the ongoing development of practice in this area.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1997

An analysis of automatic teller machine usage by older adults: a structured interview approach.

It is often assumed that automatic teller machines (ATMs) are inherently easy to use and require no training. However, there is evidence to suggest that ATM users do experience difficulty when learning to use the system. The purpose of the present study was to conduct an in-depth analysis of ATM usage by older adults. Our approach consisted of telephone interviews followed by structured individual interviews. The goals were to understand the problems encountered by ATM users, to determine how ATMs might be better designed and to assess the training needs of older individuals. The phone interview data provide information about the relationships between age, sex and ATM usage within the adult sample, as well as information about why some people choose not to use ATMs. The structured interview data provide a more in-depth view of the concerns of both users and non-users, and information about training needs. The training and design implications of the results are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

An SPSS implementation of the nonrecursive outlier deletion procedure with shifting z score criterion (Van Selst & Jolicoeur, 1994).

Sophisticated univariate outlier screening procedures are not yet available in widely used statistical packages such as SPSS. However, SPSS can accept user-supplied programs for executing these procedures. Failing this, researchers tend to rely on simplistic alternatives that can distort data because they do not adjust to cell-specific characteristics. Despite their popularity, these simple procedures may be especially ill suited for some applications (e.g., data from reaction time experiments). A user friendly SPSS Production Facility implementation of the shifting z score criterion procedure (Van Selst & Jolicoeur, 1994) is presented in an attempt to make it easier to use. In addition to outlier screening, optional syntax modules can be added that will perform tedious database management tasks (e.g., restructuring or computing means).

Humans↗

PubMed1984

Computer user groups: a shared rural hospital experience.

For the small or rural hospital with a stand-alone system, a user group can be a way to obtain programming, education and training, assistance from the manufacturer, and greater influence in the marketplace--abilities which many larger hospitals have. Moreover, the use of such a group is a way for individual hospitals to maximize the use of and make computer operators more comfortable with their systems. The UB-82 programming project is an illustration of how a group of hospitals with limited resources can work together to achieve a common goal.

Colorado↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Improving educational computer exhibits at radiologic meetings by modifying computer environment: results of an observational study.

An observational study of educational computer exhibits (ECEs) at the 86th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in 2000 was performed to determine the frequency with which the ECEs were in working order. At any given time, an average of 10% of the 71 exhibits were found to be inoperable, and, although some exhibits were functioning 100% of the time, others were not functioning up to 55% of the time. These observations underscore the importance of careful design when creating a computer-based exhibit for a meeting. Downtime of ECEs at meetings is the result of both intentional and unintentional user actions. Given that traditional poster presentations are "working" 100% of the time, modifications made to the environment of an exhibit computer to reduce downtime would be beneficial. Several relatively easy computer configuration steps can be taken that will likely improve the amount of time that an exhibit is functional. Electronic exhibits allow a more interactive experience for users and, with some assistance, will continue to be an effective educational tool.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMed2005

Personalized online information search and visualization.

BACKGROUND: The rapid growth of online publications such as the Medline and other sources raises the questions how to get the relevant information efficiently. It is important, for a bench scientist, e.g., to monitor related publications constantly. It is also important, for a clinician, e.g., to access the patient records anywhere and anytime. Although time-consuming, this kind of searching procedure is usually similar and simple. Likely, it involves a search engine and a visualization interface. Different words or combination reflects different research topics. The objective of this study is to automate this tedious procedure by recording those words/terms in a database and online sources, and use the information for an automated search and retrieval. The retrieved information will be available anytime and anywhere through a secure web server. RESULTS: We developed such a database that stored searching terms, journals and et al., and implement a piece of software for searching the medical subject heading-indexed sources such as the Medline and other online sources automatically. The returned information were stored locally, as is, on a server and visible through a Web-based interface. The search was performed daily or otherwise scheduled and the users logon to the website anytime without typing any words. The system has potentials to retrieve similarly from non-medical subject heading-indexed literature or a privileged information source such as a clinical information system. The issues such as security, presentation and visualization of the retrieved information were thus addressed. One of the presentation issues such as wireless access was also experimented. A user survey showed that the personalized online searches saved time and increased and relevancy. Handheld devices could also be used to access the stored information but less satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The Web-searching software or similar system has potential to be an efficient tool for both bench scientists and clinicians for their daily information needs.

Databases, Bibliographic↗

PubMed1999

A comparative study of the attitudes of users and non-users towards computerized care planning.

The aim of this study was to compare the attitudes of nurses who had little or no experience of computerized care planning (non-users) with those who had at least two years' experience (users). The study also assessed levels of computer literacy among both cohorts and the training methods that were considered most appropriate to meet their needs. The approach was quantitative, using a questionnaire to collect data from 15 non-users and 14 users. The overall results suggest that both non-users and users had favourable attitudes towards the use of computerized care plans. However, non-users with previous computer experience had more favourable attitudes towards the introduction of computerized care planning than those with no previous experience. The preferred teaching method identified by both groups was training by technical staff in the clinical area.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

After-effects of human-computer interaction indicated by P300 of the event-related brain potential.

After-effects of human-computer interaction (HCI) were investigated by using the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP). Forty-nine subjects (naive non-users, beginners, experienced users, programmers) completed three paper/pencil tasks (text editing, solving intelligence test items, filling out a questionnaire on sensation seeking) and three HCI tasks (text editing, executing a tutor program or programming, playing Tetris). The sequence of 7-min tasks was randomized between subjects and balanced between groups. After each experimental condition ERPs were recorded during an acoustic discrimination task at F3, F4, Cz, P3 and P4. Data indicate that: (1) mental after-effects of HCI can be detected by P300 of the ERP; (2) HCI showed in general a reduced amplitude; (3) P300 amplitude varied also with type of task, mainly at F4 where it was smaller after cognitive tasks (intelligence test/programming) and larger after emotion-based tasks (sensation seeking/Tetris); (4) cognitive tasks showed shorter latencies; (5) latencies were widely location-independent (within the range of 356-358 ms at F3, F4, P3 and P4) after executing the tutor program or programming; and (6) all observed after-effects were independent of the user's experience in operating computers and may therefore reflect short-term after-effects only and no structural changes of information processing caused by HCI.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Health education: a new approach].

This article describes a series of experiences in the area of Health Education. The experiences, carried out with groups of health professionals working in institutions, begin with the social relationships in which these professionals are involved in their day-to-day work, in contact with other social agents and groups. One of the basic assumptions is that social relationships are an important aspect of the public health services provided to the population. As a result, health workers need specific training in this area to develop and improve their professional performance. The experiences show the importance of making theoretical and methodological approaches (like Educational Psychodrama and the Arvoredo Method) available to these workers. Those who have participated in such training programs have considerably improved their professional/social skills. One of the basic tenets of these approaches is the constant search for autonomy, as an essential element for people to increase awareness of themselves as individuals and as citizens, be they health care professionals or users. The experiences and methods described in this article may serve as one way of reducing the serious gaps in today's public health services.

English Abstract↗

PubMed2000

Performance with tables and graphs: effects of training and a Visual Search Model.

After more than 70 years of research it is still not clear under what conditions graphic presentations of information have an advantage over tables. A minimum assumption Visual Search Model (VSM) was designed to predict the performance of various tasks with tables and graphs that show data with different levels of complexity. An experiment tested the performance of five tasks with tables, bargraphs and line-graphs, showing data with various levels of complexity, over the course of nine experimental sessions in order to assess possible changes in the relative efficiency of the displays after practice. Tables had an initial advantage over graphs for all tasks, and there were complex interactions between the variables. The initial differences between the displays disappeared for some tasks after users gained experience with the displays, while for other tasks the differences continued to exist even after extended practice. The VSM predicted the results for tables well. For graphs the model was adequate for tasks that involve single data points, such as reading values or comparing pairs of values. The performance of tasks that require the analysis of data configurations, such as reading a trend, could not be predicted with the VSM. Hence the VSM can predict task performance with tables and graphs for low-integration tasks.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The positive experience of screening quality among users of a cervical cancer detection center.

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to determine the main factors associated with increased utilization of a cervical cancer screening program (CCSP) in a population with a high mortality rate due to cervical cancer. METHODS: A population-based study was carried out in the Mexican state of Morelos, Mexico. The study population included 3,197 women between the ages of 15 and 49 years who were selected at random using a State Household Sampling Framework in the State of Morelos's 33 municipalities. The sample included 2,094 women with a history of a previous Papanicolaou (Pap) test. RESULTS: A previous experience of good screening quality is strongly associated with greater use of the CCSP (OR = 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-10.9). The educational level of the head of the family is related to more frequent use of Pap smear services. Women whose husbands have 13 or more years of education (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.9) were more likely to have been screened. Similarly, women who had used two or more family planning methods (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.1) and those who knew why the Pap test was given (OR = 3.0; 95% CI 2.1-4.3) had a better history of Pap screening. CONCLUSIONS: In areas where coverage of cervical cancer screening is low, a CCSP that guarantees the quality of all the different elements of care is essential if obstacles to cervical cancer prevention are to be eliminated. It is of particular importance to take into account and satisfy the perceptions and expectations of the women at risk.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The perceptual scalability of visualization.

Larger, higher resolution displays can be used to increase the scalability of information visualizations. But just how much can scalability increase using larger displays before hitting human perceptual or cognitive limits? Are the same visualization techniques that are good on a single monitor also the techniques that are best when they are scaled up using large, high-resolution displays? To answer these questions we performed a controlled experiment on user performance time, accuracy, and subjective workload when scaling up data quantity with different space-time-attribute visualizations using a large, tiled display. Twelve college students used small multiples, embedded bar matrices, and embedded time-series graphs either on a 2 megapixel (Mp) display or with data scaled up using a 32 Mp tiled display. Participants performed various overview and detail tasks on geospatially-referenced multidimensional time-series data. Results showed that current designs are perceptually scalable because they result in a decrease in task completion time when normalized per number of data attributes along with no decrease in accuracy. It appears that, for the visualizations selected for this study, the relative comparison between designs is generally consistent between display sizes. However, results also suggest that encoding is more important on a smaller display while spatial grouping is more important on a larger display. Some suggestions for designers are provided based on our experience designing visualizations for large displays.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed1978

Effect of socioeconomic factors on the observed caries reduction after fluoride tablet and fluoride toothpaste consumption.

The caries experience of 123 fluoride users (F-tablets and/or F-toothpaste) was compared with that of a group of 226 non-users. Fluoride users appeared to have a 15% lower DFS score (16.2) than non-users (19.0). After a matching procedure had been used to correct for some intervening variables (socioeconomic status, toothbrushing habit, sweet consumption) no difference was found between the groups of F-tablet and F-toothpaste users and the respective groups of matched non-users. The difference in caries experience of 15% between users and non-users remained in only one group after the matching procedure, that in which the children used both F-tablets and F-toothpaste.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Assessment of adaptive transportation technology: a survey of users and equipment vendors.

In order to define the state of adaptive transportation equipment, wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) and equipment vendors were surveyed about equipment, funding, maintenance, and repair. SCI registries from two states, Virginia and Arkansas, were used to create the sample pool of users and 225 responses were received. A list of equipment vendors and vehicle modifiers was compiled from several national resources, and 123 responses were received from 36 states. User respondents were generally satisfied with their adaptive equipment, which typically required only minor inexpensive (< $100) repairs, if any. Personal or family money was used by over 90% of the respondents for equipment funding. Vendors reported that a substantial amount of custom modification or fabrication of equipment is required to meet the needs of their clients. Lifts, external controls, and six-way power seats were cited by vendors as the equipment requiring the most frequent repair. The survey results provide an examination of the opinions and experiences of users and vendors of adaptive transportation equipment, which should prove useful to those involved in evaluating equipment, equipment availability, and the need for industry-wide standards.

Automobiles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Compliance, counseling and satisfaction with oral contraceptives: a prospective evaluation.

CONTEXT: Oral contraceptive users' risk of accidental pregnancy may be higher than it should be, because of inconsistent pill-taking. However, few reliable data are available on pill users' everyday experiences with their method, especially characteristics that may affect consistency of use. METHODS: Two months after initiating or resuming oral contraceptive use, a nationwide sample of 943 women completed questionnaires examining their compliance with instructions for proper use, the quality of their interactions with their provider, their satisfaction with the method, and the frequency and costs of visits or calls to their providers because of pill-related side effects. Regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with compliance difficulties and method dissatisfaction. RESULTS: In all, 47% of users missed one or more pills per cycle, and 22% missed two or more. Women who lacked an established pill-taking routine, who did not read and understand all of the informational material accompanying the pill package, or who experienced spotting or heavy bleeding had increased odds of missing two or more pills per cycle. Method satisfaction was most likely among women who were aware of the pill's noncontraceptive benefits, were satisfied with their relationship with their provider, had used the pill in the past and experienced few side effects. Some 22% of users called their provider at least once about pill-related side effects, and 9% made at least one visit for this reason; these women spent $25 and $62, respectively, to treat side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Improving pill use is a shared responsibility of the provider, the patient and, to a lesser degree, pill manufacturers. Awareness of potential difficulties such as inadequate counseling is a key step in helping women use oral contraceptives effectively.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Present and future developments of the virtual surgery and tele-virtual surgery system].

One of the applications available now in the medical field is the virtual surgery system. This system allows surgeons a safe place to master surgical techniques and to plan surgical procedures before the operation. To provide the system for use in a clinical situation, a soft tissue model and a force feedback device suited for the surgery is required. In this paper, we would like to introduce our virtual surgery system, which possesses a soft tissue model that can show accurate, real-time deformation and is equipped with a force feedback device that allows the user to experience the tactile sensations. In addition, we will introduce our tele-virtual surgery simulation system for training in the procedures used in robotic surgery.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed2004

Stereopsis in medical virtual-learning-environments.

In surgical training a lot of effort is directed at developing virtual learning environments (VLE's). These environments usually include one or more of the following features: haptic feedback, the sending of a slightly different computer-generated image to both eyes (affording an user's experience of stereoptical depth), and a transparant interface that allows 'natural' interaction. Now that many of these VLE's are approaching a state of maturity, time has come to start evaluating these environments, as basic questions regarding the effectiveness of the features mentioned above remain unanswered. The purpose of this article is to present an experiment aimed at evaluating the effects of stereopsis during a learning phase on visuo-spatial reasoning in two subsequent tasks that are related to the medical practice of diagnosis.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2006

Serotonergic responsiveness in human cocaine users.

BACKGROUND: Animal experiments show that repeated cocaine injections induce changes in brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) function which can be detected by altered neuroendocrine responsiveness to serotonergic drug challenge. Studies of human cocaine users given a serotonergic challenge have produced inconsistent results. METHODS: Hormone responses evoked by the 5-HT releaser D,L-fenfluramine (FEN) were examined in eight human cocaine users who resided on a closed research ward. FEN (60 mg oral) was given after a 7-day cocaine-free period and 3 days after a 5-day period of daily double-blind administration of intranasal cocaine (96 mg) and active placebo (4 mg cocaine). Plasma cortisol and prolactin levels were measured after FEN challenges, and after cocaine and placebo administration. RESULTS: Cocaine significantly elevated plasma cortisol levels to a similar degree on the first and fifth days of administration, but did not alter prolactin levels on either day. The first FEN challenge significantly increased plasma prolactin and cortisol, whereas the second challenge increased only prolactin. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal cocaine increases plasma cortisol without affecting prolactin, with no evidence for tolerance. The reduction in FEN-induced cortisol secretion after cocaine exposure suggests that deficits in 5-HT transmission during early cocaine abstinence might contribute to the maintenance of drug dependence.

Adult↗