PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Visual Field Tests”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Evaluation of diagnostic capabilities of interactive test strategies in automated perimetry.

Simple strategies for visual field screening with automated perimeters can detect abnormalities at acceptable rates. However, the information available from a screening field chart is often insufficient to assign the field into a diagnostic category, and further field testing is necessary. Automated perimeters can be programmed to alter the suprathreshold stimulus intensity based on patient response or do further testing in areas of detected abnormality. Two such programs were compared to a simple screening method using a single automated perimeter in 75 eyes. The charts generated by the interactive programs were more diagnostically useful than those produced by the simple strategy. However, these interactive strategies produced an increased rate of false alarms and testing time which substantially reduced their value as screening visual field tests.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of frequency doubling perimetry with humphrey visual field analysis in a glaucoma practice.

PURPOSE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of frequency doubling perimetry with Humphrey visual field testing used as the gold standard. METHODS: Frequency doubling perimetry and Humphrey visual field testing (24-2) were performed on 29 consecutive patients in a glaucoma practice. Data for the right eye were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: For the frequency doubling perimetry in screening mode, and with an abnormal glaucoma hemifield test used as the gold standard, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 89.3%, 81.5%, or 75.0% for the presence of mild, moderate, or severe relative defects, respectively. Similar results were found with the use of mean deviation (P <.05) to define Humphrey visual field defects. For frequency doubling perimetry in threshold mode, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 93.4% with the presence of any defect (P <.05) used as the criterion for an abnormal case, and an abnormal glaucoma hemifield test as the gold standard. In all cases, the threshold mode detected defects better than the screening mode.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Ocular carbon dioxide reactivity in retinitis pigmentosa. Perimetry results].

Ocular pulse volumes (POV) measured by oculo-oscillo-dynamography were markedly reduced in Retinopathia pigmentosa (R.P.) patients (n = 52) compared to healthy subjects (n = 107). During breathing increased carbon dioxide concentrations (6.5%) POV returned nearly to normal values [15,17]. In an attempt to evaluate the effects of increased inspiratory carbon dioxide concentrations on the visual field in R.P. patients the following study was performed. In 24 patients (24 right eyes, 23 left eyes) suffering from a clinically and electrophysiologically confirmed R.P. kinetic visual field testing was performed. After a standardized kinetic Goldmann-perimetry (V/4; III/4; I/4; I/3; I/2; I/1) during breathing normal air the visual field testing was repeated during breathing increased carbon dioxide concentrations (6.5%). The visual field area was measured with a planimeter (Hewlett Packard 9874 A Digitalizer) separately for each isopter. For a better comparison of the results the change in the visual field was expressed as a percentage value of the initial visual field area of each isopter. During breathing increased carbon dioxide concentrations the visual field area improved, expressed as the median of all isopters, by x = 29% in 24 right eyes and by x = 18% in 23 left eyes. The results presented suggest that breathing of increased carbon dioxide concentrations improve ocular hemodynamics and furthermore have a beneficial effect on the remaining visual field area in R.P. patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

On-road driving with moderate visual field loss.

PURPOSE: We examined the relationship between visual field extent and driving performance in an open, on-road environment using a detailed scoring method that assessed the quality of specific skills for a range of maneuvers. The purpose was to determine which maneuvers and skills should be included in future, larger scale investigations of the effect of peripheral field loss on driving performance. METHODS: Twenty-eight current drivers (67 +/- 14 years) with restricted peripheral visual fields participated. Binocular visual field extent was quantified using Goldmann perimetry (V4e target). The useful field of view (UFOV) and Pelli-Robson letter contrast sensitivity tests were administered. Driving performance was assessed along a 14-mile route on roads in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. The course included a representative variety of general driving maneuvers, as well as maneuvers expected to be difficult for people with restricted fields. RESULTS: Drivers with more restricted horizontal and vertical binocular field extents showed significantly (p < or = 0.05) poorer skills in speed matching when changing lanes, in maintaining lane position and keeping to the path of the curve when driving around curves, and received significantly (p < or = 0.05) poorer ratings for anticipatory skills. Deficits in UFOV performance and poorer contrast sensitivity scores were significantly (p < or = 0.05) correlated with overall driving performance as well as specific maneuver/skill combinations. CONCLUSIONS: In a small sample of drivers, mild to moderate peripheral visual field restrictions were adversely associated with specific driving skills involved in maneuvers for which a wide field of vision is likely to be important (however most were regarded as safe drivers). Further studies using similar assessment methods with drivers with more restricted fields are necessary to determine the minimum field extent for safe driving.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Multifocal ERG and VEP responses and visual fields: comparing disease-related changes.

Static visual perimetry and the multifocal technique both measure the local effects of diseases of the retina and optic tract. The purpose here is to relate the measures obtained from each technique and to describe this relationship in some diseases. It is important to measure both the implicit time and amplitude of the multifocal ERG (mERG) or multifocal VEP (mVEP) responses. Some diseases affect one measure of the responses but not the other. The comparison of either measure to local sensitivity changes measured with static perimetry (e.g. the Humphrey 24-2 and 30-2) presents a problem. Different stimulus displays are employed. Further, the multifocal responses are displayed with arbitrary spacing between the responses. One approach is to measure the amplitude and implicit time of the multifocal responses and display these values on the same coordinates as in the visual field plots. This allows a qualitative comparison of fields and multifocal responses on the same scale. A second approach involves modifying the Humphrey perimeter software so that the test spots are placed in the centers of the multifocal stimuli (e.g. the center of each hexagon of the mERG display). A third approach involves estimating the thresholds for the regions of the multifocal display by interpolating from values at the standard Humphrey locations. The second and third approaches produce a one-to-one mapping of the multifocal and field measures and allow a quantitative comparison between the two. The relationship between visual fields and multifocal responses, determined through one or more of these approaches, is different depending upon whether the disease primarily affects the outer retina (retinitis pigmentosa), ganglion cell (glaucoma), or optic nerve (ischemic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis).

Electroretinography↗
PubMed2001

Effect of myopia on frequency-doubling perimetry.

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of myopia, occasionally associated with glaucomatous eyes, on the results obtained by frequency-doubling perimetry (FDP). METHODS: Sixty emmetropic or myopic normal volunteers (mean age, 26.2 +/- 0.35 years, mean +/- SEM; range, 19-34) with good visual acuity and without glaucoma were divided into three groups. The groups were emmetropia to low-myopia (mean refractive error, -1.16 +/- 0.23 D), intermediate-myopia (-4.95 +/- 0.17 D), and high-myopia (-8.12 +/- 0.36 D; n = 20 each). All subjects were tested on the FDP full-threshold C-20 program and the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA; Humphrey, Dublin, CA) full-threshold program on one randomly selected eye. FDP and the HFA test were conducted with the subjects wearing their full distance correction and with their distance correction with appropriate additional correction for near, respectively. The calculated mean sensitivity (MS), mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and test durations for FDP and the HFA test for the three groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. The relationship between the refractive error and MS, MD, or PSD was also analyzed by simple regression analysis. RESULTS: The MS and MD for the fields determined by the HFA decreased significantly as the refractive errors increased, but there were no significant differences in the MS, MD, and PSD for FDP between the three groups. There were no significant differences in the test durations between the three groups for both FDP and HFA testing. The refractive error was correlated with both MS and MD only for the fields determined by the HFA. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that lens-corrected myopia does not alter the visual fields obtained by FDP, and FDP can therefore be used regardless of the presence of myopia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Normal values for Octopus tendency oriented perimetry in children 7 through 13 years old.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine age-dependent values for mean sensitivity, mean deviation, and loss variance for normal children age 6 through 13 years, using the Octopus 301 perimeter and the Tendency Oriented Perimetry 32 (TOP-32) program. METHODS: Healthy children from 6 through 13 years of age with a visual acuity of 20/20 OU and at least 60 arc seconds of stereopsis were recruited. They were tested on the Octopus 301 perimeter using the TOP-32 program, and each eye was tested twice during one session. Results for all four tests were averaged for each subject, and the average was used for statistical analysis. The main outcome measures were mean sensitivity, mean deviation, and loss variance by age. The test duration, learning and fatigue effects, and the influence of false positive responses on the average mean sensitivity were also analyzed. RESULTS: There were 142 subjects tested. Six-year-old children showed high intersubject variability and were excluded (N=23). The average age of the remaining 7- to 13-year-old cohort (N=119) was 9.8 +/- 1.7 years. The average test duration was 2.9 +/- 0.3 min. The average mean sensitivity was 28.7 +/- 1.9 dB. The mean sensitivities for tests 1 through 4 were 28.14, 28.63, 28.96, and 28.92 dB, respectively. The average mean deviation was 0.4 +/- 1.9 dB. The slope of the regression line for mean sensitivity vs age was -0.018 +/- 0.165 dB/year, which was not significantly different from zero (two-tailed t test, p=0.83). The false positive catch trial rate was high (mean 26%) and was independent of age. When the data from subjects who had more than two false positive catch trial responses on any one test were eliminated, the mean sensitivity decreased to 28.3 +/- 1.9 dB. CONCLUSIONS: When testing patients age 7 through 13 years on the Octopus 301 perimeter using the TOP-32 program, comparison against the programmed normal mean sensitivity value for 20-year-old subjects (29.0 dB) is appropriate. During a sequence of four tests, both learning and fatigue effects are evident. The false positive response rate is naturally high regardless of age, and children should not be overencouraged to respond during testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Standard perimetry.

As distinguished from measuring the ability to see at the location where the eye's gaze is fixated, perimetry consists of determining the visual capabilities throughout the field of vision. Traditionally the ability to see a white object or a projected spot of white light is determined and quantified under standard conditions. Modern machines use automated methods to present spots of light in a programmed manner to determine the threshold of visual capability, and, after recording the data, these machines also apply statistical analyses of the results to assist the clinician in evaluation of the patient. New methods for testing particular aspects of visual function and analyzing the results are continuously under development.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Baseline features of idiopathic optic neuritis as determined by a multicenter treatment trial in Japan. Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial Multicenter Cooperative Research Group (ONMRG).

BACKGROUND: An optic neuritis treatment trial was conducted at 30 clinical centers in Japan using the same protocol. Patient participation was based on: age range of 14-55 years; acute symptoms indicative of unilateral optic neuritis of unknown or demyelinating origin; visual symptoms of 14-day duration or less; relative afferent pupillary defect in affected eye; and normal or swollen optic disc of affected eye. CASES: Initially, 102 patients qualified for participation; baseline data were obtained for analysis from 70 of these patients. Demographic characteristics of Japanese patients with optic neuritis were clarified and compared with those in a US study. OBSERVATIONS: The incidence of ocular or periocular pain and the presence of periventricular plaques were noted to be lower, and the incidence of disc swelling higher, in the Japanese patients, suggesting racial differences in the characteristics of the disease. Such differences may possibly be related to the lower incidence of multiple sclerosis in Japanese patients. The results of visual function tests were virtually the same in both studies. The nonaffected eyes of more than half the patients showed abnormal mean deviation in Humphrey field analysis, as also noted in the US study. CONCLUSIONS: The baseline clinical features of optic neuritis in the Japanese patients have been defined. Some racial differences in the characteristics of the disease may exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Patterns of glaucomatous visual field defects in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

This report aims to describe the frequency of different patterns of visual field loss in open-angle glaucoma (OAG). The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 persons (aged 49+) during 1992-1994. Humphrey supra-threshold visual fields were performed in 88.9%. Those classified as glaucoma suspects had 30-2 full-threshold fields (9.2%). Of OAG cases (n = 108) with field tests in both eyes (n = 97), unilateral defects were present in 49 (50.5%) and bilateral in 48 (49.5%). Advanced field loss was found in 16 (15.4%) subjects and in 22 (10.9%) eyes, with bilateral loss present in 6 (6.2%) cases. Of all eyes of OAG cases (n = 201), 49 (24.4%) had no defects, 52 (25.9%) upper, 61 (30.3%) lower, and 17 (8.5%) had combined upper and lower loss. Of the upper and lower cases (n = 113), the types of defects included nasal step (36), arcuate (26), nasal plus arcuate (26), and hemispherical defects (25). Of subjects with fields in at least one eye (n = 104), there was a similar proportion in the worse eye of upper defects (28.8%), lower (31.7%), and combined upper and lower (24.0%). Undiagnosed OAG was more frequent in unilateral (65.3%) than bilateral (34.7%) cases (P = 0.003). This study reports the pattern of typical glaucomatous field loss in an older Australian population.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Visual outcome in bilateral nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

BACKGROUND: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a common cause of visual loss in the older population. Bilateral NAION is a well-documented entity; however, no study to date has compared the visual outcome between affected eyes. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of 99 patients with diagnoses of NAION over 3 1/2 years. In the 23 patients with bilateral involvement, 16 were included in the study for analysis of final visual outcome between affected eyes. Snellen acuity, Ishihara color plates, and Humphrey automated perimetry were evaluated as the parameters of visual function. Descriptive analysis of the outcome between affected eyes for each parameter is presented as a frequency distribution of pre-defined groups. Statistical significance is established using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Bilateral NAION was found in 23% (23/99) of the patients studied. The authors identified a high percent agreement between eyes with regard to visual acuity (81% within 3 Snellen lines), color vision (69% within 3 plates), and Humphrey visual field (75% within 5 decibels of mean deviation). Additionally, there was a statistically significant correlation between affected eyes for all three visual parameters: visual acuity (P = 0.043), color vision (P = 0.001), and Humphrey visual field (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION: The authors found a high percent agreement and statistically significant correlation in final outcome between affected eyes of patients with bilateral NAION for visual acuity, color vision, and visual field loss. With a larger series, it may be possible to predict the visual outcome of the second affected eye based on the parameters of the first eye.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Asymmetric papilledema in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: prospective interocular comparison of sensory visual function.

PURPOSE: Visual loss is the main morbidity of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The relationship between papilledema grade and visual loss is unclear. The goal of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between papilledema grade and visual loss. METHODS: Fundus photographs of 478 patients with IIH were reviewed, and their degree of papilledema was graded using Frisén's scheme. We identified 46 patients (10%) with IIH and highly asymmetric papilledema, as defined by an interocular difference of two or more grades. Nine of these patients with active asymmetry agreed to return for a series of visual tests. They underwent three visual field tests-Humphrey visual field analyzer 24-2, motion perimetry, and ring perimetry. The perimetry outcome measures were mean deviation, foveal threshold, and means for eccentric zones (3 degrees, 9 degrees, 15 degrees, and 21 degrees). The patients participated also in visual acuity, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity, and foveal flicker fusion testing. Their relative afferent pupillary defect was graded using neutral density filters. RESULTS: The intereye comparisons showed vision to be worse in the eye with the high-grade papilledema for all outcome measures. The magnitude of the loss with the perimetry tests increased with eccentricity. The measures of central visual function, although in the normal range, were relatively depressed in the eye with high-grade papilledema. CONCLUSIONS: Visual loss in patients with asymmetric papilledema caused by IIH was most pronounced in the eye with the higher grade of papilledema. Foveal visual functions, although they remained in the normal range, were also decreased in patients with high-grade papilledema. In patients with high-grade papilledema, visual loss appeared to affect the entire visual field, and the peripheral field showed the most deficit. Our findings showed that high-grade papilledema was associated with visual dysfunction in patients with IIH.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Critical flicker fusion frequency in early chloroquine retinopathy.

Since increasing numbers of patients with connective tissue diseases are taking chloroquine and its derivatives, there is an urgent need for a simple, reasonably fast method of screening for toxic effects on the retina. Measurement of the critical flicker fusion frequency is one technique for assessing retinal function. Its screening value was assessed in a study of nine patients with bilateral visual field defects and visual acuity of 6/12 or better after various periods of chloroquine therapy and nine healthy subjects matched for age and sex who had never taken chloroquine. The control subjects' eyes consistently demonstrated the normal pattern previously described, whereas 16 of the 17 eyes tested in the patients showed one of two abnormal patterns of response.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1981

Visual function abnormalities in macular heterotopia caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

In seven patients with displacement of the macula in one eye caused by vitreoretinal traction from proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the macula was displaced toward the optic disk in all but one eye. The eyes with macular heterotopia showed (1) reduced visual acuity (ranging from 6/6 (20/20) to 6/24 (20/80), (2) reduced static perimetry sensitivity (particularly in the temporal field) with displacement of the peak sensitivity toward the blind spot, (3) loss of hue discrimination, and (4) metamorphopsia. In two eyes with macular heterotopia, Stiles-Crawford data provided evidence for photoreceptor disorientation; one eye had mixed orientation, and the other a displaced peak suggesting regular photoreceptor tilting. The proposed mechanisms of visual loss in eyes with macular heterotopia secondary to traction from proliferative diabetic retinopathy include detachment of the macula, disorientation of photoreceptors in the macula, and disturbance of normal neural connections within the retina caused by stretching of the retina.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Nerve fiber analyzer and short-wavelength automated perimetry in glaucoma suspects: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: To test the relationship between the results of short-wavelength automatic perimetry (SWAP) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements with scanning laser polarimetry (Nerve Fiber Analyzer, NFA) in age-matched normal subjects, glaucoma suspects, and early glaucoma patients. DESIGN: Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight normal subjects, 32 glaucoma suspects, and 14 early glaucoma patients were recruited. All subjects underwent RNFL assessment by NFA, achromatic visual field testing (24-2 threshold), and repeated SWAP (24-2 threshold blue-on-yellow). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean deviation (MD) of visual field testing and RNFL values were obtained. RESULTS: Glaucoma suspects were divided into two groups according to their SWAP results: high risk (with SWAP abnormalities) and low risk (with normal SWAP result). No statistically significant difference in SWAP MD and RNFL values were observed between normal and low-risk groups (P > 0.05), but these values were found to be significantly lower in high-risk and early glaucoma groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that RNFL examination by NFA may be a useful test for the early detection of glaucomatous damage of glaucoma suspects. It appears to provide agreement with SWAP abnormalities and is more sensitive than conventional standard automated perimetry.

Case-Control Studies↗