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[Flexibility of working hours and health: towards ergonomics of working time].

The search for ways and methods able to increase the "flexibility" of working hours deal with several forms of intervention that depend on political choices and work management, according to specific interests and needs of the companies, the individual worker and the whole society. The main problem on the carpet is to evaluate whether that interferes with worker's health and well-being. According to the data of the last European Survey on Working Conditions (EURF 2000), it appears the workers engaged in working hours different from the traditional day work are nowadays the vast majority of the population; moreover, organisational forms which allow more flexibility, that is more autonomy, in working time arrangement are associate to better health and well-being.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1989

[Physiological and hygienic assessment of work process and working conditions in processing sugar beets on mechanized MSK-15 production lines].

The MSK-15 mechanized line for white-beet processing corresponds to the 2nd class (permissible conditions) with regard to the work-load of female beet-sorters, and to the 3rd class of labour intensity (1st degree of unhealthy conditions of work). By the end of the working shift the women-sorters were displaying functional overstrain of CNS and CVS, neuro-muscular overstrain of the upper extremities. Measures for working conditions improvement should include an ergonomic perfection of the working sites, improvement of the regimen of work and rest, means of individual technical safety.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Work difficulty and the physical work capacity of female afforestation workers in forestry].

The severity of labour in manual soil-preparation and planting has been studied and the physical capacity for work of the female workers--determined, who performed those basic afforestation activities in the national forestry. The severity of labour has been characterized by the values of oxygen consumption, energy-expenditure and pulse rate during work. The physical capacity for work has been determined by physical loading on the Lanoy bicycle ergometer , with submaximum degrees of loading. The maximum working capacity was calculated by the values of the pulse rate with submaximum degrees of loading according to Astrand method. The physical loading during manual soil-preparation is high (6.6 kcal/min, 27.6 kJ resp.), and that of planting--moderate. The maximum aerobic capacity of the afforestation female workers examined, was characterized by maximum oxygen consumption 2.04 dm3/min, 29.6 cm3/kg/min resp., and maximum pulse rate--177 beats/min. Energy losses during work surpassed, to a considerable degree, 30 per cent of the maximum aerobic capacity of the female afforestation workers. On the base of the results obtained, measures are proposed for the reduction of the severity of labour and for improvement of the organization of the work during the afforestation activities in national forestry.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2000

Designing a Helical Polymer that Reverses its Handedness at a Selected, Continuously Variable, Temperature We would like to thank R. L. B. Selinger for helpful discussions. The Office of Naval Research supported the work at both the Polytechnic University and the Naval Research Laboratory. The work at the Polytechnic University was also supported by the Chemistry and Polymers Programs of the National Science Foundation and by the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society. We are grateful to Professor Krzysztof Matyjaszewski of Carnegie-Mellon University for a discussion that led to the development of this work.

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Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Aromatic Mercury Clusters in Ancient Amalgams Work done at Utah State University is supported by the donors to The Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society. Work done at Iowa State University is supported by Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy. Work done at Washington State University is supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0095828) and performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated for DOE by Battelle.

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Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Treatment and prevention of obesity: what works, what doesn't work, and what might work.

We provide a very broad conceptual overview of some of the issues involved in the treatment and prevention of obesity. Data suggest that clinicians have some ability to promote positive changes with obesity treatment. The environment, though important in influencing one's degree of adiposity, has largely transient effects that do not tend to carry over from one time to substantially later times. In contrast, the genetic influences on body mass index at any one time do tend to carry over to later times. This information influences the types of approaches that are and are not likely to be successful in terms of preventing obesity or reducing obesity on a population level. A second issue concerns the composition of weight lost. Conditional on fat loss, weight loss has been associated with an increased mortality rate (MR) whereas, conditional upon weight loss, fat loss has been associated with a decreased MR. This suggests that we should seek treatments that maximize the proportion of weight lost as fat. Third, the efficacy of current treatments is far below patients' expectations and desires. We need both to increase the efficacy of our treatments dramatically and help patients adjust their expectations so that they can take satisfaction in smaller weight losses. Perhaps, with continued efforts at enhancing treatments, we will see incremental advances in the treatment and prevention of obesity.

Animals↗