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PubMed1976

[Therapy planning and prognosis evaluation in malignant kidney neoplasms. A lymphographic study of 50 malignant kidney neoplasms].

Of fifty patients with malignant renal tumors who underwent lymphographic examination, 15 (30%) had lymph node metastases. Two years from the beginning of therapy, 13 of these patients were deceased in spite of surgical and radiological treatment. The enhancement of the five-year survival rate following radiation therapy for malignant renal tumors is quoted between 7 and 26%. This success is probably due to the destruction of micrometastases, not being representable lymphographically. Radiation therapy of malignant renal tumors, therefore, can only be effective including the para-aortic lymphatic chains.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

Serum haptoglobin, CA 125 and interleukin 6 levels in malignant and non-malignant tumors of the ovary.

In sera of women with malignant and non-malignant ovarian tumors, concentrations of the following proteins were determined: haptoglobin, measured by the reactions either with hemoglobin (Hp-Hb) or with concanavalin A (Hp-Con A), CA 125 antigen and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Besides preoperative data, obtained from all the patients and the group of healthy women, in the patients with ovarian cancer (III/IV FIGO stages) effects of administration of cytostatics were measured by monitoring changes in the levels of the examined parameters through the course of the therapy. All the results were submitted to statistical evaluation which showed differences and correlations among definite groups (normal/non-malignant, normal/cancers, non-malignant/cancers). Similar results were obtained for Hp-Hb and CA 125 determination. Moreover, a correlation between haptoglobin level and age was found. Patterns of monitoring revealed a surprising absence of Hp-Con A interaction in some cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone 20 years after femoral fracture treated by plate-screw fixation: analysis of corrosion products and their role in malignancy].

We report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone that developed 20 years after a femoral fracture treated by plate-screw fixation. Similar cases reported over the past fifteen years in the literature suggest the possible mechanisms of sarcomatous degeneration. The possible carcinogenic effect of corrosion products is emphasized. Dispersion energy spectrometry of intracellular particles on the periphery and at the center of the tumor demonstrated the presence of chromium, iron and nickel at different concentrations. The association with other elements clearly demonstrates that the corrosion products were metabolized. The presence of metallic components in tumoral cells suggests a possible relationship between metallic implants and malignancy. These observations emphasize the importance of creating a national, or even international, registry of malignant tumors that develop in contact with metallic implants in order to search for a possible cause and effect relationship.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Application of Resistance Reversal Agents in Hematologic Malignancies; Malignancy; Current Clinical Practice.

The clinical application of resistance reversal drugs for patients with hematologic malignancies is reviewed. The phenomenon of multidrug resistance versus other mechanisms are discussed. The pump-like mechanisms of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance associated protein, lung resistance protein and of other ATP binding cassette transporter proteins are reviewed briefly, as well as the important substrate drugs and pump-blocking compounds. The problems associated with resistance protein assays in clinical samples and the concept of prognostic versus therapeutic clinical relevance are described, within the context of selected hematologic malignancies. Toxicities and treatment outcomes of phase II and III trials of reversal agents in lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia and blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia are reviewed. Finally, current options for on-study management of relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancy patients are discussed.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Studies on the expression of alpha(v)beta3 integrin receptors in non-malignant and malignant human cervical tumor tissues.

Integrins are group of cell surface receptors, which mediate adhesion between cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix proteins of the basement membrane. Integrins play an important role in cellular growth, development, morphology, signalling and also in tumor development. Among the integrin group of cell surface receptors one of the most important member is alpha(v)beta3 integrin receptor. Evidences say that the expression of this integrin receptor is regulated during tumor development. Large numbers of studies have been done to establish the role of alpha(v)beta3 integrin receptor in human melanoma systems. Expression of this receptor in metastatic but not benign melanomas suggests a role for this integrin in the regulation of tumor proliferation. Alpha(v)beta3 integrin receptor also plays a significant role in tumor angiogenesis, apoptosis and signal transduction process. Recent studies show that collagenase MMP-2 binds directly to integrin alpha(v)beta3 on the surface of invasive tumor cells and facilitates tumor cell invasion. In this present communication we studied the expression of alpha(v)beta3 integrin receptor in malignant and non-malignant cervical tumor tissues. Because receptor ligand interaction is a cell surface phenomenon the membrane fraction of tumor tissues was separated and the expression of alpha(v)beta3 integrin receptor was assayed by ELISA and immunoprecipitation from membrane extracted protein fraction. Comparative ELISA and immunoprecipitation clearly demonstrates much higher expression of alpha(v)beta3 vitronectin integrin receptor in the membrane fraction of malignant human cervical tumor tissues than nonmalignant tissue membrane fractions.

Cell Membrane↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Altered expression of integrins and basement membrane proteins in malignant and pre-malignant lesions of oral mucosa.

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that regulate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contact. In epithelial tissues, they interact with ECM components of the basement membrane (BM) to maintain the homeostasis and the architecture of the tissue. This interaction controls several cell functions such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and therefore has a key role in cancer development and metastasis. We studied the expression of integrins and ECM components of the BM by immunohistochemistry in frozen specimens of malignant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), pre-malignant lesions of the oral mucosa (leucoplakia) and oral lichen planus. In invasive SCC, we observed altered polarity and distribution of alpha2beta1, alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1 integrins, whereas in the in situ carcinoma alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1 patterns only were altered. Immunostaining for ECM components such as Laminin-1 (Ln-1), Ln-5, and Collagen IV (Coll IV) was discontinuous and interrupted in invasive SCC, whereas it was normal in the in situ carcinoma. In both pre-malignant lesions and lichen planus specimens, integrins were expressed in a polarized manner in the presence of a normal BM, whereas were abnormally distributed in those tissues with altered staining patterns of the ECM components. In conclusion, we suggest that abnormal re-distribution of alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 integrins and expression of ECM components such as Ln-5 could play an important role in SCC invasion and metastasis.

Antigens, Surface↗

PubMed1992

The effect of saffron on intracellular DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in malignant and non-malignant human cells.

Extract of saffron (Crocus sativis) has previously been shown to inhibit colony formation and cellular DNA and RNA synthesis by HeLa cells in vitro. In order to compare the sensitivity of malignant and non-malignant cells to saffron, we examined the effect of the extract on macromolecular synthesis in three human cell lines: A549 cells (derived from a lung tumor), WI-38 cells (normal lung fibroblasts) and VA-13 cells (WI-38 cells transformed in vitro by SV40 tumor virus). We found that the malignant cells were more sensitive than the normal cells to the inhibitory effects of saffron on both DNA and RNA synthesis. There was no effect on protein synthesis in any of the cells.

Cell Line↗

PubMed1992

Relation between cardiovascular pathologic conditions and malignant tumours as seen by pathologist. I. Frequency of malignant neoplasms in the population with myocardial hypertrophy as seen by pathologist.

Relatively low co-existence of malignant neoplasms and chronic cardiovascular disease was documented in this work the emphasis being put on the conditions running with myocardial hypertrophy. The percentage of malignancy in the total autopsy material of 5821 men and 6849 women was 27.8 and 23.0 resp., and in the subgroup with heart weight 300-400 g, 36.8 and 31.0 resp. This percentage was significantly lower in separated subgroups of: a. arterial hypertension, 6.6 and 10.2, b. cardio-pulmonary syndrome, 23.0 and 18.5, c. healed myocardial infarct accompanied by myocardial hypertrophy, 13.3 and 11.7, d. acquired valvar deformity, 15.3 and 10.1. The subgroup of heart weight 150-250 g showed 57.2% and 46.6% of cases with malignancy while that of cardiac weight over 600 g-7.4% and 5.7%. In the subgroup of normal right-(2-3 mm) and left-ventricular (10-12 mm) wall thickness corresponding percentage equalled 29.4 and 30.1, in the subgroup of right-ventricular wall thickness over 6 mm--14.4 and 8.8, and in that of left-ventricular wall thickness over 18 mm--12.5 and 9.4. Scanty available information suggests some antimitotic activity of catecholamines believed to condition that of chalones. Catecholamines are also attributed with the stimulation of myocardial hypertrophy. The correlation of our findings with assumptions mentioned above seem to justify a hypothesis, or only a possibility, that compensatory mechanisms active in the cardiovascular diseases create an unfavourable background for the development of neoplasm.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[The prognostic significance of inflammatory cells in malignant human soft tissue tumors. Malignancy grading].

These studies are based on an analysis of 160 spindle cell and/or pleomorphic malignant soft tissue tumors of adults and are aimed at providing an answer to the question of whether or not inflammatory cells in tumor tissue are of prognostic importance with regard to overall survival time. In a univariate analysis, granulocytes and lymphocytes did not show any statistical correlation with survival periods, whereas such correlation was revealed with significance to survival periods by plasma cells and mast cells. With multivariate analysis used and presence of necrotic areas included, only mast cell infiltration remained to be significantly correlated with survival time. Also presented in this paper is a proposed scheme of malignancy grading in which two properly established indicators are scored together with "mast cell infiltration", that is "mitosis count" and "necrosis amount". The three grades of malignancy resulting from this grading procedure are shown to be related with high significance to overall survival time.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Mucin core peptide expression in malignant and non-malignant colorectal tissues].

Three human mucin cDNAs (Muc-1, Muc-2, Muc-3) have recently been cloned and sequenced. The major portion of each mucin consists of sequences repeated in tandem along the protein. Three mucins are distinct due to differences in tandem repeat length, lack of sequence homology and different chromosomal locations of their genes. Since altered mucin glycosylation occurs in cancer resulting in exposure of core carbohydrate, we postulated that increased exposure or other alteration of core peptide structure may occur in cancerous tissues. Antibodies against Muc-1, Muc-2, Muc-3 tandem repeats were used for immunohistochemical analysis of normal, non-malignant and cancer tissues. The results indicate that in normal tissues, only Muc-2 expressed, while in cancerous tissues all three mucin core peptides were significantly accumulated, All of the three mucin core peptides increasingly expressed in adenoma, dysplasia epithelium and active ulcerative colitis (pre-malignant lesions), but not in the hyperplastic polyps, ischemic colitis and quiescent ulcerative colitis (non-malignant diseases).

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1992

Invasion in vitro of malignant hamster brain tumor cells is influenced by the number of cells and the mode of malignant progression.

We investigated the capacity of two glial tumor cell lines (CxT24neo3 and CxT3Cl5) to invade through reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel, MG). The purpose of our experiments was to establish whether the number of cells or the mode of malignant progression would quantitatively modify the invasion of a brain tumor cell population. To accomplish this goal, we used a vital-dye method to assess the fraction of cells that invaded through 30 micrograms MG coated on a polycarbonate filter (8 microns pore size). Our experiments demonstrated that the fraction of invasive CxT24neo3 and CxT3Cl5 cells in vitro reproducibly differed as a function of the number of initially seeded cells. This showed that invasion through MG was subject to quantitative changes caused by the number of cells present. Since CxT24neo3 and CxT3Cl5 became malignant by transfection with different oncogenes, the results also indicated that the type of quantitative change was influenced by the mode of malignant progression.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Primary malignant schwannoma of the uterine cervix: a malignant tumor with unusual behaviour. A case report].

Malignant tumors of peripheral nerves (MPNST) represent approximately 5-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas and usually are in relationship with a major nerve. Primary cervical malignant Schwannomas are very rare neural sheat tumors that, grossly and clinically, are misdiagnosed for other more frequent lesions of the uterine cervix. We report a case of primary cervical malignant Schwannoma in a 27 years old female with atypical bleeding. The lesion is characterized by densely packed spindle cells with nuclear atypia and high mitotic rate. Immuno-histochemical stains are positive for vimentin and S-100 but negative for HMB-45, keratins, desmin and actin. After 34 months the patient is disease free. To our knowledge, this is the seventh case described.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Malignant intravascular lymphoma (malignant angioendotheliomatosis), with adrenal localization. Report of a case].

A past history of epilepsy and terminal dementia in a fifty five year old patient lead to the post mortem diagnosis of malignant intravascular lymphoma (malignant angioendotheliomatosis). There was a scattered involvement of capillaries and venulae in leptomeninges, peripancreatic and perirenal adipose tissue, pericardium, myocardium. The only adrenal involvement was typically tumoral at macroscopic examination. Such a localization, often reported in B intravascular malignant lymphoma, is studied according to the recent publications of this entity.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis (so-called malignant angioendotheliomatosis): a case confined to the lumbosacral spinal cord and nerve roots.

Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis (IML), so-called malignant angioendotheliomatosis, was found in lumbosacral spinal cord and nerve roots of a 78-year-old women who died one month after the onset of symptoms. With regard to the majority of the 37 reviewed neurological cases in the literature, this report is unusual in that the disease was exclusively localized in the spinal cord and systemic involvement was absent. The usual clinical hallmark of the disease is a subacute dementia or encephalopathy, often associated with focal neurological signs, culminating in death within several months. The pathological features of IML characteristically include multiple small foci of necrosis of the whole brain, caused by occlusion of small vessels by noncohesive neoplastic cells and secondary changes of the vascular wall. All organs may be involved, especially the skin and the adrenals, sometimes with tumoral formations. Despite the fact that lymphoid tissues are usually spared, recent reports and the present case strongly suggest a lymphoid rather than endothelial origin of the malignant cells. The pathogenesis of this mainly intravascular lymphoma remains obscure.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Lack of involvement of the c-fms and N-myc genes by chromosomal translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) common to malignancies with features of so-called malignant histiocytosis.

We report the molecular, cytogenetic, and immunologic characterization of three hematologic malignancies that contained characteristic t(2;5) chromosomal translocations. The clinicopathologic features in all three cases fit the disease spectrum of so-called malignant histiocytosis (MH). All cases expressed activation antigens including Ki-1 (CD 30), but no lineage-restricted pattern of cellular antigen expression was observed. Cell lines SUP-M2 and SU-DHL-1 established from two of the cases showed rearranged beta T-cell receptor (beta TCR) genes nonproductive of full-length beta TCR mRNA and therefore not helpful in unequivocal establishment of lineage derivation. The common cytogenetic feature was a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 2 and 5, involving bands 2p23 and 5q35 near the reported chromosomal locations of the N-myc and c-fms genes, respectively. Normal-sized and truncated c-fms RNAs were observed in both cell lines, whereas no N-myc transcripts were detected. Sequence analysis of the truncated fms RNA showed that it consisted of the 3' half of the c-fms mRNA, but its derivation was not the result of a structural alteration of the c-fms gene. Our studies show that the t(2;5) does not involve the N-myc and c-fms protooncogenes and that this cytogenetic abnormality may be characteristic of a subset of primitive malignancies with an indeterminate lineage but with clinicopathologic features of so-called MH.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Malignant soft tissue tumors of the hand: report of 2 malignant fibrous histiocytomas and 2 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas].

The authors discusses two malignant tumors of the soft tissue of the hand: the malignant fibrous histiocytoma and the extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. With each tumor two patients were involved. One patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma required amputation at the fourth and fifth carpometacarpal joints, one patient with extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma amputation in the proximal third of the forearm. Both remained free of metastases. Also the other two patients after surgical excision and amputation in the third metacarpal bone respectively, are free of recurrences or metastases till now.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Primary malignant mesothelioma of the pericardium masquerading as malignant pleural mesothelioma: report of an autopsy case and review of the reported cases in Japan as to its invasion to neighboring organs].

The Patient was a 72-year-old man who presented with dyspnea and general fatigue. Chest X-ray and CT-scan at the admission showed bilateral pleural effusion with collapse of the left lung and pericardial effusion. Cytology from the left pleural effusion suggested malignant mesothelioma. For this reason, malignant mesothelioma of the left pleura was diagnosed clinically and it was supposed to have spread subsequently to the pericardium. At autopsy, entire surface of the heart was found to be encroached in a diffuse fashion by a thick layer of mesothelioma tissues, which formed a small mass around the left pulmonary vein over the left atrium and invaded deep into the myocardium of all cardiac chambers. The endocardium and the intima of the left pulmonary vein were free of the invasion. The parietal pericardium adhered in places to the cardiac lesion, but no direct invasion to the adjacent pleurae through the pericardial wall was present. The left pleura over the lung and chest cavity disclosed only a superficial invasion by similar mesothelioma which was identifiable only on microscopic study. No distant metastasis was present in any thoracic and other organs as well as lymph nodes including the hilar ones of the lung. It seemed most likely from this anatomical finding that the primary site of the present mesothelioma was in the pericardium (visceral) and the tumor spread to the left pleura by a continuous extension along the outside of the left pulmonary vein. Primary malignant mesothelioma of the pericardium is of very rare occurrence and we found only 51 cases of it in the Japanese literature since 1915.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The cytology of malignant histiocytosis (sinusoidal hematolymphoid malignancy).

Malignant histiocytosis (MH: sinusoidal hematolymphoid malignancy) is a rare lymphoreticular disorder characterized by an aggressive clinical course in younger patients with weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia. Five cases of MH were identified over a five-year period (1982 to 1987) at Indiana University Medical Center. The patients' ages were 12, 16, 20, 30 and 57 years; all presented with classic clinical symptoms. Four cases were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy; one case was diagnosed by the examination of ascitic fluid. All patients had confirmatory surgical biopsies. The salient cytologic features of MH included (1) a lack of background lymphoglandular bodies, (2) a population of variably sized dyscohesive cells, (3) a component of large bizarre cells with abundant eccentric, deep-blue cytoplasm on Wright-Giemsa-stained preparations, (4) prominent cytoplasmic vacuolization and (5) inconspicuous erythrophagocytosis occurring in the most benign-appearing histiocytic cells. Ancillary studies on cytologic and histologic material (immunostaining for alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin and staining for nonspecific esterases) confirmed the histiocytic nature of the malignant cells. Recognition of the distinctive morphology of MH and the performance of ancillary studies on cytologic preparations should facilitate the rapid diagnosis and early treatment of this aggressive disease.

Adolescent↗