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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Intraoperative blood salvage: a new artificial organ?

Optimal blood supply is critical to modern medical practice. Among the different possibilities of improving the quality and safety of blood, it is generally felt that autologous donation has played an important role and has contributed to changing transfusional practices, mainly since the appearance of HIV and HCV on the blood transfusion scene. At the San Martino Hospital Immunohematology Service, the autotransfusion era began in 1985. Autologous predeposit donation was the first to be introduced, followed by intentional perioperative hemodilution, intraoperative blood salvage with DFC apparatuses and lastly post-operative blood salvage. From about 200 autologous donations in 1985 we reached 5,372 in 1993 and more than 6,000 autologous donations are expected for 1994. Only 189 intraoperative blood salvages, were carried out in 1986, 593 in 1989, 1,207 in 1993 and more than 1,500 blood salvage sessions are anticipated for 1994. In the meantime, the total number of homologous RBC units employed in the Hospital dropped from 45,000 in 1985 to 18,000 in 1994, with the Onco-hematological Divisions using approximately 10,000 units of packed RBC.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1977

Artificial organ support strategies in combined renal, circulatory, pulmonary and liver failure.

Within recent years we have significantly broadened the indication for the treatment of acute renal failure in intensive care patients, even in the presence of multiple organ failure. This was made possible by: 1. safe heparinization of the extracorporeal circulation while avoiding bleeding tendencies 2. hemofiltration of patients threatened by pulmonary complications early during renal failure and 3. the simultaneous use of various special intensive care measures. By this approach we have succeeded in a number of cases to break the chain of complications leading to multiple organ failure and death.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

[Present and future in organ transplantation].

Artificial organs and organ transplantation are the only way to replace the deteriorated function of damaged organs. However, complete replacement of the original functions of organs is not yet possible for artificial organs today, and organ transplantation faces severe scarcity of donor organs. Newly developed immunosuppressant, cyclosporin-A, has contributed to marked improvement in the results of organ transplantation, and organ transplantation is not any more in the stage of experimental therapeutic methods but becomes a choice of routine therapeutic modality for organ failure. The main reason for retarded development of organ transplantation in this country is that organ donation from heart-beating cadavers is not yet allowed. However, it is reported that 50 to 60% of Japanese people are ready to accept brain death and organ donation from heart-beating cadavers. According to the above described social circumstances, this symposium was organized to overview and discuss the present status and problems in organ, cell transplantation and embryo transfer. I hope that the fruitful results of this symposium will contribute to rapid social and institutional preparations for organ transplantation and to many patients.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioengineering: the advent of metabiology (part II).

The ability to modify or replace organs or functions and to intervene in the transmission of hereditary characteristics is a fundamental turning point in the development of living organisms and of bioengineering. The theoretical potential of metabiology--the intervention from the outside on functions, organs and sub-organs through artificial organs as well as genetic engineering-- is briefly reviewed. Specific goals are proposed and engineering capabilities needed to achieve them are assessed. The impact on engineering and bioengineering of metabiology is examined and some fundamental issues of public policy concerning metabiology and bioengineering are proposed. (Part I of this paper was published in the July-Sept. 1981 issue of the Journal of Clinical Engineering.).

Artificial Organs↗
PubMed1999

New technologies for the 21st century.

In the 21st century, medical science will move beyond the practice of transplantation and into fabrication of artificial organs using tissue and generative engineering. Artificial organs will be used not only to save lives at the end stage of diseases, but also to support daily life and to prevent disease. This article reviews some of the microelectromechanical systems that are being developed, which are key technologies for future artificial organs.

Artificial Organs↗