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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Anatomical variations of the extensor pollicis brevis.

Sixteen arms in eight cadavers were dissected. The extensor pollicis brevis followed the description given in standard anatomy texts in only three out of the sixteen arms. Four out of the eight cadavers showed asymmetry of the extensor pollicis brevis between their two sides.

Arm↗
PubMed1993

Bilateral extensor medii digiti: a rare anatomical variation.

A supernumerary extensor muscle to the middle finger was found to be present bilaterally in a male cadaver. It originated from the distal end of the ulna and its tendon inserted into the proximal phalanx of the middle finger. The bilateral presence and manner of insertion appear to be unique from a review of the literature. Morphological variability and clinical significance are reviewed. Such variations may be clinically significant during hand surgery, especially tendon transfer procedures.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1993

Anatomic variation of gynecologic brachytherapy prescription points.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the geometric movement (relative to the bony pelvis) of fixed brachytherapy reference points during the time interval of the first and second gynecologic intracavitary implant. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The radiation therapy records of 40 consecutive patients with all stages of carcinoma of the cervix treated at the Radiation Oncology Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, from January 1991 through December 1991 were reviewed. All patients received external beam irradiation and two intracavitary implants with Fletcher-Suit tandem and ovoids. Prescription points, per ICRU #38, were used: point A, B, and P, bladder, and rectum. Comparison of the location of points for the first and second implants (2 weeks time interval) was performed using the bony pelvis as reference anatomy and calculating the 3-dimensional spherical coordinates from a common origin for both implants. RESULTS: Analysis of the movement of the second implant relative to the first revealed that the x, y, and z coordinates for the various points shifted from 0 to 6 mm in a single plain. Vector analysis showed that the magnitude and direction of the average shift was on the order of 1.0 to 1.5 cm with displacement posteriorly and inferiorly. The effect of this movement on dose rates to the various points can result in dose rate differences up to 35%. A regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting this movement. The time interval from the first to the second implant was the factor which correlated best with the movement. CONCLUSION: There is movement of the absolute position of ICRU #38 reference points between the first and second intracavitary implants. This movement results in significant differences in absolute dose rates to these reference points in the two implants. The clinical significance of this movement relative to dose to the tumor is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

An unusual anatomic variation of a unicornuate uterus with normal external uterine morphology.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of a unicornuate uterus with a normal external uterine morphology. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University-based fertility center. PATIENT(S): A 30-year-old nulligravid woman with a 1-year history of infertility found to have a right proximal tubal occlusion on hysterosalpingogram. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): External and internal morphology of the uterus. RESULT(S): Laparoscopy showed a normal external uterine morphology and normal fallopian tubes and ovaries, but chromopertubation failed to demonstrate a fill and spill from the right fallopian tube. Hysteroscopy showed a single tubular uterine cavity projecting to the left with a single left tubal ostium, consistent with a unicornuate uterus. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a normal external uterine fundal contour and an internal uterine morphology consistent with a unicornuate uterus. CONCLUSION(S): This is the first reported case of a unicornuate uterus presenting with a normal external uterine morphology and an internal morphology consistent with a unicornuate uterus, and we propose inclusion of this anomaly in the classification of mullerian anomalies.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

High division of the accessory nerve: a rare anatomical variation as a possible pitfall during neck dissection surgery.

A rare clinical variant found during neck dissection surgery is reported in which the spinal accessory nerve divided at a high level in the neck, before entering the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This case documents the need for meticulous technique in identification and dissection of the spinal accessory nerve in order to reduce the risk of postoperative morbidity.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed2004

Analysis of anatomic variations in cleft hands.

PURPOSE: This study presents an overview of the clinical and x-ray findings observed in 54 cleft hands of 31 patients. The emphasis was on a detailed analysis of typical malformation-associated x-ray patterns such as aplasia and synostosis, with findings arranged as a function of cleft location and of the Manske and Halikis classification. METHODS: The charts and radiographs of 31 patients with 54 cleft hands were reviewed retrospectively and compared with data reported in the literature. Important clinical and x-ray findings as well as the typical morphology of cleft hands were analyzed. Cleft hands were differentiated according to their location and according to the Manske and Halikis classification. In the different locations the deformities were arranged in teratologic sequences. RESULTS: In cleft hands syndactylies were seen in 30 of the 54 hands, most commonly between the ring and the small finger. In 3 hands polydactylies were noted. Analysis of the x-ray morphology showed 2 typical patterns: aplasia and synostoses. Location-specific teratologic sequences showed that radial cleft hands were bilateral more frequently and were associated significantly more frequently with cleft feet. Aplasias predominated in radial cleft hands, whereas synostoses were more common in central cleft hands. In terms of the Manske and Halikis classification the unilateral cleft hands often corresponded to type I whereas bilateral cleft hands with cleft feet mainly were type IV and type V deformities. Cleft hands with synostoses often were seen in types I to III whereas cleft hands with aplasias were classified most frequently as type V. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the patients' clinical data and x-rays showed differences between radial and central cleft hands, as well as between the different Manske and Halikis types.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2006

Three-bundle popliteus tendon: a nonsymptomatic anatomical variation.

A 34-year-old man suffering from knee pain on the medial side of his right knee underwent knee arthroscopy. The arthroscopy revealed the popliteus tendon with an appearance of three bundles. Three-bundle popliteus tendon is a normal variant finding with no clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Anatomic variation of the right hepatic artery and its reconstruction for living donor liver transplantation using right lobe graft.

We analyzed the anatomy and reconstruction of the right hepatic artery (RHA) in 96 cases of adult-to-adult living donor right liver transplantations, during 2002. Most right livers had a single orifice (n = 185, 96%). Seven right livers (4%) showed multiple arteries, namely a replaced artery in five cases and accessory arteries in two cases. Three liver grafts had two separate orifices: both arterial stumps were reconstructed in one case, and accessory arteries were ligated in two cases because of sufficient back bleeding. The mean diameter of the graft RHA was 2.4 mm (1-4). More than 60% (59 of 96) of graft arteries were anastomosed with distal branches of recipient RHA for size matching. Eleven graft arteries were anastomosed to vessels other than the RHA, namely the left hepatic artery [LHA] in eight right gastroepiploic artery in three: for size matching in five and due to previous injury of RHA in six. Five cases showed significant size-mismatches of more than twofold. The median follow-up period was 270 days. In one patient, an intramural thrombus developed on postoperative day 3 requiring a revision of the anastomosis. In another patient, arterial stenosis occurred on postoperative day 16 a time when collateral arteries had developed. The overall complication rate related to arterial reconstruction was 2%. In conclusion, with precise knowledge of the anatomy, an adequate selection of recipient arterial stump, and an experienced technique, a desirable result may be achieved in right lobe transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Anatomic variations of the inferior oblique muscle: a potential cause of failed inferior oblique weakening surgery.

PURPOSE: To document the variations in normal anatomy that occur at the insertion of the inferior oblique muscle and in the vicinity of its surgical capture site (10 to 12 mm from the insertion). METHODS: One hundred intact cadaver orbits with no history of eye muscle or orbital disorders during life were carefully dissected to expose the entire length of the inferior oblique muscle. The number of divisions of muscle at the insertion, total width of the muscle belly, and variations in anatomy 10 and 12 mm from the insertion were recorded. RESULTS: Seventeen (17%) of the 100 inferior oblique muscles had multiple divisions at the insertion. Eight muscles (8%) had two bellies at 10 or 12 mm from the insertion. Among these eight, four had two distinct (bifid) bellies extending to the insertion, and four had dehiscences in the muscle. The mean muscle width among these eight specimens was 0.5 and 0.7 mm larger than the mean width of the other 92 specimens at the 10 mm and 12 mm positions, respectively. Neither difference was significant at the .05 level. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple insertions were found in 17% of inferior oblique muscles examined; duplications of the inferior oblique muscle at the surgical capture site were found in 8%. These duplications may account for some cases of recurrence or persistence of inferior oblique overaction after weakening surgery, owing to inadvertent incomplete capture of the muscle during surgery.

Aged↗