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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Feasibility of conducting a lung-cancer chemoprevention trial among tin miners in Yunnan, P. R. China.

Tin miners in Yunnan Province in southern China have an extremely high rate of lung cancer, more than one percent per year among those at 'high risk' (40+ years old, with 10+ years of underground mining and/or smelting experience). The extraordinary lung cancer rates result from combined exposure to radon, arsenic, and tobacco smoking (cigarettes and/or bamboo water pipe). A study to determine the feasibility of conducting a large-scale, lung-cancer chemoprevention trial was conducted in 1986 among currently employed or retired miners from the Yunnan Tin Corporation in the city of Gejiu. The study was designed to answer four questions: (i) Could potentially eligible miners be identified and recruited? (ii) Could intervention agents be shipped successfully from the United States to the study area and be appropriately distributed? (iii) Would miners adequately adhere to the study protocol and comply with the intervention regimen? (iv) Could potential adverse effects be monitored and documented? The six-month feasibility study yielded affirmative answers to each of these questions. A roster of over 7,000 high-risk miners was compiled. Four agents (vitamin A, 25,000 IU; beta-carotene, 50 mg; vitamin E, 800 IU; and selenium, 400 micrograms) were administered daily with placebos to 350 miners according to a 2(4) factorial design. Adherence, assessed by pill counts and serum micronutrient levels, was approximately 90 percent. The findings from this preliminary study indicate that a full-scale, lung-cancer chemoprevention trial in this population is feasible.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Epithelial skirt and bulge of human facial vellus hair follicles and associated Merkel cell-nerve complex.

Many morphological variations of bulge areas, such as knob-like swellings, were found in extracted human facial vellus hairs. In anagen vellus hair of the face bulge areas including these knobs had a band-like dense aggregation of CAM5.2 (K8, 52.5 kDa) reactive Merkel cells. In telogen hair the bulge became indistinguishable from the clubbed or regressed end of the follicle but Merkel cells continued to be abundant. The epithelial hood at sebaceous gland level showed most commonly a skirt-like structure but variations were also observed; these were bamboo joints, tulip flower, and long apron configurations. Merkel cells were found sparsely in these structures. Palisading stockade-like nerve endings were observed surrounding the follicular epithelium under the skirt and around the bulge areas including the knobs. Merkel cells were sparse in the follicular segment corresponding to the attachment of stockade nerve endings.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Treatment and serological studies of an Italian case of penicilliosis marneffei contracted in Thailand by a drug addict infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

A case of disseminated penicilliosis marneffei, the first to be diagnosed in Italy, is described in a male HIV-positive drug addict. The patient had visited Thailand several times in the two years prior to his hospitalization. The presenting signs were fever, productive cough, facial skin papules and pustules, nodules on both thumbs and oropharyngeal candidiasis. Penicillium marneffei was isolated from a series of blood specimens with the lysis centrifugation procedure. Septate, yeast-like cells were observed in histological sections of the nodules and sputum smears. The patient was treated for 6 weeks with amphotericin B (total dosage 1,400 mg) and flucytosine (150 mg/kg/die) for the first 3 weeks. Prompt clinical improvement and sterilization of all biological specimens were attained. Itraconazole was administered as maintenance therapy (400 mg/die for the first month and 200 mg afterward). During the follow-up period, no relapse was observed. The patient, however, did succumb to a variety of non-mycotic infections and died nine months after start of therapy. At autopsy, P. marneffei was not detected in his tissues. Serological studies were performed with a micro-immunodiffusion procedure using a mycelial culture filtrate antigen of P. marneffei. Sera taken early in the course of the disease gave positive antibody reactions. Whereas sera taken 3-5 months following therapy were negative. All known cases of penicilliosis marneffei in bamboo rats and in humans among the inhabitants and visitors to the endemic areas of P. marneffei in South East Asia and Indonesia are summarized.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1975

Netherton's syndrome: an electronmicroscopic study.

An ultrastructural study of 2 patients with Netherton's syndrome (bamboo hair, scaling dermatosis, and an atopic diathesis) showed features of psoriasis and a dermatitis. Although the biopsies from the patients showed histological and ultrastructural similarities, the clinical presentations were different. One patient had ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, while the other had a generalized ichthyosiform eruption. The ultrastructural findings in the 2 patients, while not specific, may help distinguish the eruption of Netherton's syndrome from other scaling dermatoses.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Confusion of roentgenographic differential diagnosis between ankylosing hyperostosis (Forestier's disease) and ankylosing spondylitis.

A patient with ankylosing hyperostosis (Forestier's disease) initially diagnosed elsewhere as a case of ankylosing spondylitis with bamboo spine, is presented. The characteristic roentgenographic findings of Forestier's disease in the axial skeleton of this patient are described, including computerized tomography of the lower lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints. Major clinical and radiological distinguishing features of Forestier's disease and ankylosing spondylitis are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Adhesive grass spikelet with mammalian hair in Dominican amber: first fossil evidence of epizoochory.

Discovery of a female spikelet of the grass genus Pharus (Gramineae: Bambusoideae: Phareae) in association with mammalian hair in Dominican Republic amber provides the first fossil evidence of epizoochory. Hooked macrohairs on the lemma of the spikelet show that morphological modifications in grasses for dispersal by attachment to the surface of animals were present in the Late Eocene. The fossil also represents 1) the second-oldest undoubted macrofossil record of the Gramineae, 2) the earliest record of a fossil grass that can be assigned to an extant genus, 3) the earliest undoubted record of a member of the bamboo subfamily and 4) the only known fossil of Pharus.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Management and productivity of small ruminants in the north west province of Cameroon.

A survey showed that in the North West Province of Cameroon 92% of the farmers rear goats as against only 21% who rear sheep. The main constraint on sheep husbandry appeared to be a traditional belief that keeping sheep adversely affects a woman's fertility. Flock sizes are small (three to 48, median seven) but there was some tendency towards larger numbers in mixed flocks. There were considerably more females than males. Six systems for managing small ruminants were identified. The most widely practised was housing at night and tethering in daytime during the cropping season with either tethering or free-range grazing during the daytime in the non-cropping season. The most common housing system was an enclosed shed with walls of sticks, tree fern or bamboo. Floors of planks laid on the earth or slightly raised were used by about 48% of the farmers while 22% constructed raised slatted floors. Most farmers gave their animals salt on a more or less regular basis but otherwise intentional feed supplementation was rare. About 43% of the farmers thought it unnecessary to provide water. Breeding was generally uncontrolled and the progeny of the most active breeding ram or buck was often the main source of replacement males. The overall offtake rates were 20% for sheep and 24% for goats. Several flocks had no offtake while four (three flocks of goats and one of sheep) reported offtake rates of 65 to 80%.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1998

[Comèl-Netherton syndrome].

The Comèl-Netherton syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease. A 23-year old female presented with the classical triad of ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, trichorrhexis invaginata with bamboo hairs of up to 12 cm length and atopic diathesis. Nevertheless, more than 20 years passed before the final diagnosis was established. In addition, the patient was slightly mentally retarded and suffered from a genital papillomatosis, minimal hypergammaglobulinaemia and a marked bilateral eyelid ectropion, more severe than previously reported. Oral therapy with Acitretin was quite successful.

Acitretin↗

PubMed2006

Ant-gardens of tropical Asian rainforests.

Ant-garden (AG) associations are systems of epiphytic plants and arboricolous (i.e., tree-living) ants, in which the ants build fragile carton nests containing organic material. They collect and incorporate seeds or fruits of epiphytes that then germinate and grow on the nest [sensu Corbara et al. (1999) 38:73-89]. The plant roots stabilize the nest carton. AGs have been well-known in the neotropics for more than 100 years. In contrast, reports on similar associations in the paleotropics are scarce so far. After discovering a first common AG system on giant bamboo [Kaufmann et al. (2001) 48:125-133], we started a large-scale survey for AGs in Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, and southern Thailand. A great variety of AG systems (altogether including 18 ant species and 51 plant species) was discovered and is described in the present paper. The high number of species participating in AG associations was reflected by a great variability in the specific appearances of the nest gardens. Frequently, further groups of organisms (e.g., hemipteran trophobionts, fungi) were also involved. Preference patterns of particular ant and epiphyte species for each other and for particular phorophytes (carrier trees) were detected. We integrate domatia-producing, so-called ant-house epiphytes in our study and compare their phases of establishment, as well as other characteristics, to "classical" AGs, coming to the conclusion that they should be regarded only as a special type of AG epiphyte and not as a separate ecological category.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Exploring the Penicillium marneffei genome.

Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus that intracellularly infects the reticuloendothelial system of humans and bamboo rats. Endemic in Southeast Asia, it infects 10% of AIDS patients in this region. The absence of a sexual stage and the highly infectious nature of the mould-phase conidia have impaired studies on thermal dimorphic switching and host-microbe interactions. Genomic analysis, therefore, could provide crucial information. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA of P. marneffei revealed three or more chromosomes (5.0, 4.0, and 2.2 Mb). Telomeric fingerprinting revealed 6-12 bands, suggesting that there were chromosomes of similar sizes. The genome size of P. marneffei was hence about 17.8-26.2 Mb. G+C content of the genome is 48.8 mol%. Random exploration of the genome of P. marneffei yielded 2303 random sequence tags (RSTs), corresponding to 9% of the genome, with 11.7, 6.3, and 17.4% of the RSTs having sequence similarity to yeast-specific sequences, non-yeast fungus sequences, and both (common sequences), respectively. Analysis of the RSTs revealed genes for information transfer (ribosomal protein genes, tRNA synthetase subunits, translation initiation, and elongation factors), metabolism, and compartmentalization, including several multi-drug-resistance protein genes and homologues of fluconazole-resistance gene. Furthermore, the presence of genes encoding pheromone homologues and ankyrin repeat-containing proteins of other fungi and algae strongly suggests the presence of a sexual stage that presumably exists in the environment.

Base Composition↗

PubMed1999

Persistent Organochlorines in the Effluents from a Chlorine-Bleached Kraft Integrated Pulp and Paper Mill in Southeast Asia.

A bleached sulfate integrated pulp and paper mill producing printing and writing paper from mixed tropical hardwood and bamboo was studied. The mill uses a "conventional bleaching sequence," C-E-H1-H2, with an average molecular chlorine consumption of 50 kg per ton of air-dried pulp (ADP). The content of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in the bleaching filtrate in terms of the nordic toxicity equivalent (N-TEQ) was 33.5, 1.15, 0.56, and 0.014 pg/L for the E, C, H1, and H2 bleaching stages, respectively. The corresponding PCDFs and PCDDs loads in ng/t ADP were in the same ranking, i.e., 670, 69, 11.2, and 0.28, respectively. The congener and isomeric pattern of PCDFs and PCDDs of the bleaching filtrate and the bleached pulp was found to be typical for the chlorine bleaching plant effluent. The obtained dioxin load formed in the mill is in agreement with Western studies for the given multiple chlorine of 0.21-0.23. The load is, however, lower than reported discharges from Scandinavian mills using 1980s bleaching technologies, but substantially higher than the discharges from mills with modern bleaching technologies. Modifications in the bleaching plant to reduce molecular chlorine use are necessary to reduce dioxin formation.http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00244/bibs/37n3p303.html

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual palpebral foreign bodies.

We encountered cases of palpebral foreign bodies, which were a bamboo chip that entered in a trauma, a gelatinoid material that formed an iatrogenic ulcer, and self-injected lipstick. Treatments and complications of these unusual palpebral foreign bodies are evaluated.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Hairpins create minute inversions in non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA.

Minute inversions (4 bp in length), associated with probable hairpin secondary structures, were inferred from comparative analysis of rpl16 intron sequences from the chloroplast genomes of Chusquea species and related bamboos (Poaceae). The inverted sequences, which appear to have arisen independently on several occasions, comprise entire loops of the putative hairpins. The process of inversion seems dependent upon the stem length of the hairpin and its estimated free energy of formation. A similar inversion was uncovered for other plants in a previously published data set for a different non-coding region of the chloroplast genome, suggesting that the inversional process may be a common feature of non-coding DNA evolution. Several implications for phylogenetic analysis are noted.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2001

Long-term outcome of undifferentiated spondylarthropathy.

Undifferentiated spondylarthropathy is one of the common disease subsets in the group of so-called seronegative spondarthritides. It is not exactly known how often it differentiates into ankylosing spondylitis or other well-defined disease subsets over time. The present study was designed to find out the long-term outcome in this subset. Thirty-five patients diagnosed with undifferentiated spondylarthropathy between January 1987 and December 1988 were recruited. Twenty-two (63%) of them were available for detailed assessment 11 years after the original diagnosis. Their baseline characteristics did not differ from those of the original cohort of 35 patients and were as follows: male:female ratio 19:3, median age of onset 17 years (range 8-39), and median duration of disease 8 months (range 4-24). Clinical features were enthesitis (45%) and inflammatory pain in the back (100%), buttock (77%), hip (64%), shoulder (18%), knee (82%), ankle (77%), and hand and wrists (50%). There was no restriction in spinal movement. Family history was positive in two cases. Radiologically, the only finding was grade I sacroiliitis in 17 patients (77%). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 was positive in all. Functionally, all were in class I. During follow-up, one patient developed psoriatic skin lesions after 9 years. Uveitis developed in four patients (18%). After a median follow-up of 11 years, 15 (68%) had ankylosing spondylitis, one developed psoriatic arthritis, four remained undifferentiated, and two had natural remission. Functionally, 19 patients (86%) were in class I and three (14%) were in class III. No patient had bamboo spine, but three underwent total hip replacement. Thus, a majority of patients (68%) with undifferentiated spondylarthropathy gradually developed ankylosing spondylitis of mild severity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

A method for inflorescence proliferation.

Most perennial plants must pass through a long juvenile phase of vegetative development before they are capable of flowering. We have developed a method specifying inflorescence proliferation to bypass juvenility and maintain the adult phase. Bamboo ( Bambusa edulis) inflorescences were amplified by incubation in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l thidiazuron. Mutant albino inflorescences also proliferated in this medium. This method is equally effective with dicotyledonous plants. Ginseng ( Panax ginseng) buds were incubated in B5 medium supplemented with 1 mg/l benzyladenine and 1 mg/l gibberellic acid; new inflorescences developed from the base of the explants. Ginseng flowers were parthenocarpic and some of the fruit proliferated in vitro. Using the inflorescences as the material of somatic embryogenesis, we demonstrated that these were not mutations. The regenerated plants still had a juvenile phase and grew normally.

Bambusa↗

PubMed1999

Confocal microscopy of dentinal tubules in human tooth stained with alizarin red.

The present study was designed to analyze the structures of dentinal tubules by confocal microscopy. Undecalcified ground sections of human teeth were stained with alizarin red in 0.1% KOH aqueous solution, and examined by confocal microscopy. Alizarin red stained dentinal tubules, interglobular dentine, granular layer of Tomes, and the surface of dentine. Interglobular dentine was seen between the outer and middle layers of coronal dentine. At the outer layer of coronal dentine, the dentinal tubules were thin and showed numerous branches. At the middle layer of coronal dentine, dentinal tubules displayed two types. The type I tubules are the dentinal tubules that do not show any nodular structures and the type II tubules are the dentinal tubules that appear bamboo-like with many nodules. In the cross section through the type II tubules, the nodules appeared as fine circular tubules surrounding the dentinal tubules. The circular tubules of nodules adhered to one side of the dentinal tubules. When the fluorescence images were compared with the images taken by transmission light mode, the fluorescence of dentinal tubules was seen at the inner surface of dentinal tubules, and the fluorescence of nodules was seen at interface between peritubular and intertubular dentine. Most of the dentinal tubules were of the type II tubules in the teeth from older individuals, whereas the type II tubules were scarce in the teeth from younger individuals. At the inner layer of coronal dentine, the dentinal tubules have no nodules and branches were scarce. The dentinal tubules of radicular dentine were different from those of coronal dentine. Most of the dentinal tubules were the type I tubules. Numerous fine branches were seen at the outer and middle layers of radicular dentine. No interglobular dentine was seen in the root except at the cervical part, and the granular layer of Tomes was also positive with alizarin red. At the cervical part of the root, interglobular dentine was present and the dentinal tubules displayed types I and II.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and correlation between severity of upper gastrointestinal lesions and H. pylori infection in Japanese patients with Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Crohn's disease (CD) patients was investigated to determine whether the presence and severity of gastroduodenal lesions were related to H. pylori infection. METHODS: Infection rates were compared between CD group (n = 90) and the control group (n = 525). Correlations between endoscopically detected lesions and H. pylori positive rates were investigated. The relationship between drug therapy and the prevalence of H. pylori infection was also analyzed. RESULTS: H. pylori-positive rate of the 90 CD patients attending our clinic was 16.7%, significantly lower than the rate in healthy controls (40.2%) (P = 0.0001). The involvement of H. pylori infection in the gastroduodenal lesions of CD patients was also examined. The prevalence of gastroduodenal lesions in all CD patients was high, 92.2%. The lesions observed included ulcers, erosion, and "bamboo joint-like lesions" of the stomach, and ulcers, erosion, stenosis, and elevated lesions of the duodenum. None of these lesions were found to be related to H. pylori infection. However, H. pylori infection was found to exacerbate gastric ulcers (P = 0.036). The analysis of a possible relationship between a history of drug therapy and the low prevalence of H. pylori infection in CD patients showed that the prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly lower in patients who had received antibiotics for 2 weeks or more (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that H. pylori infection is essentially unrelated to the gastroduodenal lesions observed in CD. It seems likely, however, that H. pylori infection may exacerbate gastric ulcers and that H. pylori can be eradicated by prolonged use of antibiotics.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of a Cactus virus X strain from Hylocereus undatus (Cactaceae).

The complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of Cactus virus X (CVX-Hu) isolated from Hylocereus undatus (Cactaceae) has been determined. Excluding the poly(A) tail, the sequence is 6614 nucleotides in length and contains seven open reading frames (ORFs). The genome organization of CVX is similar to that of other potexviruses. ORF1 encodes the putative viral replicase with conserved methyltransferase, helicase, and polymerase motifs. Within ORF1, two other ORFs were located separately in the +2 reading frame, we call these ORF6 and ORF7. ORF2, 3, and 4, which form the "triple gene block" characteristic of the potexviruses, encode proteins with molecular mass of 25, 12, and 7 KDa, respectively. ORF5 encodes the coat protein with an estimated molecular mass of 24 KDa. Sequence analysis indicated that proteins encoded by ORF1-5 display certain degree of homology to the corresponding proteins of other potexviruses. Putative product of ORF6, however, shows no significant similarity to those of other potexviruses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the replicase (the methyltransferase, helicase, and polymerase domains) and coat protein demonstrated a closer relationship of CVX with Bamboo mosaic virus, Cassava common mosaic virus, Foxtail mosaic virus, Papaya mosaic virus, and Plantago asiatica mosaic virus.

Cactaceae↗