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Results for “BREATHING EXERCISES”

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PubMed1985

Educational and exercise programs for asthmatic children.

We designed programs to teach appropriate exercises to asthmatic children and to educate their parents about their special needs. Each of 11 programs over a six-year period included a weekly two-hour session for four weeks. Lectures for parents dealt with the etiology and precipitating events of asthma, environmental control and drug therapy, family interaction with a psychiatrist, and hyposensitization therapy and food allergy. The 59 children, aged 4 to 13, played group games, learned breathing exercises, and were assisted by their parents in postural drainage. School absences decreased in 59%, emergency room visits decreased in 70%, medication usage decreased in 54%, and the number of attacks decreased in 70%. Greater understanding of asthma by both parents and children improved the quality of life and lessened the severity of the disease.

Asthma↗

PubMed2006

Tutorial on maximum inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) and the preliminary results of an expiratory muscle strength training program.

Respiratory symptoms are recognized as sequelae of motor dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and these symptoms have the potential to cause problems with swallow, cough, voice and speech. Specifically, maneuvers that require rapid activation and coordination of upper airway and chest wall musculature become progressively impaired as motor dysfunction progresses during the natural course of the disease. This study reports on the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures produced by 28 participants (average age 64) diagnosed with moderate to severe IPD (average stage 2.5 with a range of 2.0-3.0). All measures were collected during the "medication on" state. Outcomes of a specific respiratory muscle strength training technique for improving maximum expiratory pressure are reported for three of the patients in this study. Techniques that focus on strengthening the respiratory muscles in patients with IPD (other than with low load breathing exercises), have not been previously reported. The results of this pilot study demonstrate that respiratory muscle weakness may be an important factor in the respiratory complications in IPD and that respiratory muscle strength training has the potential to improve expiratory muscle strength for this population. This improvement has the potential to positively impact high forced respiratory activities, such as forced breathing maneuvers, swallow, cough and speech functions that require greater magnitude and duration of expiration.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

A study of the facilitation of respiration in myotonic dystrophy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dystrophia myotonica or myotonic dystrophy is a progressive neuromuscular disorder in which patients demonstrate an irregular respiratory pattern and are particularly subject to cardiopulmonary compromise. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of both proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and staged basal expansion (SBE) breathing exercises in subjects with myotonic dystrophy in two different positions: high support sitting and left side-lying. METHOD: A randomized, double-blind study design was used. Seven non-congenital myotonic dystrophy subjects took part in the study. Six 'treatment' levels were applied to each subject: resting in high support sitting; resting in left side-lying; PNF of deep breathing in high support sitting; PNF of deep breathing in left side-lying; SBE in high support sitting and SBE in left side-lying. The outcome measures employed were arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate, as measured by oximetry and thoraco-abdominal motion (TAM), and respiratory rate, as measured by a pneumograph. RESULTS: The PNF technique was found to be the main contributor to improvement in SpO2 for subjects with myotonic dystrophy, where a 2.2% increase was found in the high support sitting position and a 2.6% increase was found in the left side-lying position. There was an increase of between 377% and 556% in TAM during application of both treatment techniques, in either the high support sitting or left side-lying positions. Respiratory rate declined between 15% and 30% immediately after treatment application and heart rate dropped slightly by between 0.2% and 4.1%. CONCLUSION: The present study provides objective evidence that application of these respiratory physiotherapy interventions elicits an improvement in respiratory function in subjects with myotonic dystrophy. Further research into the physiological effects of these techniques could explore the mechanisms responsible for improvement in respiratory indices.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The singer's breath: implications for treatment of persons with emphysema.

This study investigated the effects of group singing instruction on the physical health and general wellness of senior citizens with emphysema. Subjects (n = 7) participated in 6 weeks of group vocal instruction, which emphasized breath management techniques. Dependent measures reflected physical health, functional outcomes, and quality of life. No significant differences were found on measures of physical health (FEV1, inspiratory threshold, distance walked, and The DUKE physical health subscale). Measures of functional outcomes each showed a significant change across time. Results of the ANOVAs for breath management (extent of counting) and breath support (intensity of speech) were significant (p < .038 & p < .000 respectively). Descriptive analyses showed a clear and dramatic shift in breathing mode from clavicular to diaphragmatic breathing that was maintained 2 weeks after the treatment period. Quality of life measures (subjective scales and The Duke Health Profile) yielded mixed results. Findings of this study suggest that vocal instruction, inclusive of breathing exercises, may help to improve the quality of life for senior citizens with emphysema. Subjects in this study responded positively to the instruction and further investigation of the treatment method is warranted.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical studies of the effect of physical training therapy on oxygen absorption and pulmonary artery pressure in persons with chronic obstructive lung diseases].

Twenty patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis were submitted to a 6-week rehabilitation program including bicycle training, breathing exercise, inhalation, massage, short wave therapy and others. Before and after 6-week training we investigated ventilatory and blood gas parameters and pulmonary artery pressure at rest and during exercise. There was no change in the oxygen uptake on the same exercise stage. We found an insignificant decrease of the pulmonary artery pressure at rest and during exercise. The physical training has no negative influence on the behaviour of pulmonary pressure. We stated a good effect of physical conditioning on the systemic circulation. The working capacity of all patients improved at the end of the training period.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Effects of exercise load and breathing frequency on heart rate and blood pressure variability during dynamic exercise.

It is known that heart rate (HR) variability decreases with dynamic exercise, but there are only few studies on blood pressure (BP) variability with exercise loads and the effect of breathing pattern has never been investigated. Thus, we studied HR and systolic blood pressure (SBP) signals by spectral analysis (FFT), in 9 healthy subjects, at different breathing frequencies (0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 Hz), at rest and during 3 exercise loads (25, 50 and 75% VO2max). BP was measured with a non-invasive device (Finapres) and continuously recorded. The power spectrum of R-R period significantly decreased with exercise loads in the low frequency band (LF: 0.04-0.128 Hz) and in the high frequency band (HF: 0.128-0.65 Hz), but with breathing frequency only in the HF part of the spectrum. The power spectrum of SBP significantly increased with exercise loads in LF and HF bands, and decreased in HF band with increasing breathing frequency. R-R and SBP HF peaks were centered on breathing frequency peaks. Therefore, spectral analysis of HR and SBP confirm the withdrawal of vagal control during exercise, while mechanical effect of respiration on SBP persists. LF/HF ratio of R-R spectral components decreased with increasing load, whereas cardiovascular sympathetic activity is known to rise, suggesting that this ratio is not a good indicator of cardiovascular autonomic modulation during exercise.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Stress management in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension].

Between 60 and 90% of patients consult their family doctor for stress-associated complaints. Not infrequently, a considerable number of these patients already have elevated blood pressure. The positive effect on high blood pressure of relaxation techniques has been confirmed in various studies. Accordingly, stress management should now have a permanent place in effective antihypertensive treatment. Appropriate relaxation techniques include, for example, autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation, visualization and breathing exercises, chi gong and yoga. These practices are incorporated in various lifestyle programs. They act in different ways, and can be offered to the patient in accordance with his/her individual wishes.

Autogenic Training↗

PubMed1990

Metabolic consequences of reduced frequency breathing during submaximal exercise at moderate altitude.

The intention of this study was to determine the metabolic consequences of reduced frequency breathing (RFB) at total lung capacity (TLC) in competitive cyclists during submaximal exercise at moderate altitude (1520 m; barometric pressure, PB = 84.6 kPa; 635 mm Hg). Nine trained males performed an RFB exercise test (10 breaths.min-1) and a normal breathing exercise test at 75-85% of the ventilatory threshold intensity for 6 min on separate days. RFB exercise induced significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in ventilation (VE), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), ventilatory equivalent for O2 consumption (VE/VO2), arterial O2 saturation and increases in heart rate and venous lactate concentration, while maintaining a similar O2 consumption (VO2). During recovery from RFB exercise (spontaneous breathing) a significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in blood pH was detected along with increases in VE, VO2, VCO2, RER, and venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The results indicate that voluntary hypoventilation at TLC, during submaximal cycling exercise at moderate altitude, elicits systemic hypercapnia, arterial hypoxemia, tissue hypoxia and acidosis. These data suggest that RFB exercise at moderate altitude causes an increase in energy production from glycolytic pathways above that which occurs with normal breathing.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Effects of periodic positive airway pressure by mask on postoperative pulmonary function.

Postoperative pulmonary complications, alveolar-arteriolar oxygen difference ([A-a]O2-diff), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were compared in patients using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive expiratory pressure (PEP) administered by face mask against those of a control group using a deep-breathing device (Triflo). Forty-three consecutive, randomized patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery were included. CPAP, PEP and Triflo were administered for 30 consecutive breaths in every waking hour for three days postoperatively. The (A-a)O2-difference increased equally and significantly in the three groups after surgery, reaching a maximum on the first postoperative day. After this day, however, (A-a)O2-diff decreased in the CPAP and PEP groups, being significantly lower in the PEP group compared to the control group, two days postoperatively (p less than 0.05) and significantly lower in both the PEP and CPAP groups three days postoperatively (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively.) PEF did not differ significantly between the groups before or after surgery, while FVC was significantly higher in the PEP and CPAP groups, compared to control, on the third postoperative day (p less than 0.05). Atelectatic consolidation was observed in six of 15 patients in the control group three days postoperatively, the incidence being significantly lower in both the PEP group (0 of 15, p less than 0.001) and the CPAP group (one of 13, p less than 0.05). We concluded that periodic face mask administration of CPAP and PEP are superior to deep breathing exercises with respect to gas exchange, preservation of lung volumes and development of atelectasis after upper abdominal surgery. We also conclude that the simple and commercially available PEP mask is as effective as the more complicated CPAP system.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1989

[The influence of breathing technic on the visualization of lung metastases in computed tomography].

The importance of CT imaging in maximum inspiratory position for the identification of lung metastases is emphasised. In a woman patient suffering from respiratory insufficiency and hypernephroma and clinically suspected of lung metastases, it became necessary to produce two computed tomographs of the thorax at short intervals to clarify the number and size of the pulmonary foci. Since the first examination could not be conducted in a position of maximum inspiration because the patient was short of breath, the procedure was repeated six days later after intensive breathing exercises and subjective improvement of the patient's feeling tone. It was found that three of the four pulmonary metastases could not be seen on the technically unsatisfactory tomographs of the first examination, or could be detected only retrospectively.

Breathing Exercises↗

PubMed1956

Emphysema in chronic bronchitis and asthma; a practical therapeutic approach.

Asthma and chronic bronchitis are characterized by bronchial occlusion in expiration. Acute spasmodic asthma, if prolonged, may bring about changes in thoracic structure and diaphragm position which can result in permanent pulmonary inefficiency unless this tendency is corrected by breathing exercises. As expiratory obstruction becomes more chronic, irreversible emphysema develops. Thereafter therapy for bronchopulmonary insufficiency is necessary. The approaches to such therapy have been outlined and briefly evaluated, with emphasis upon the value of intermittent positive-pressure therapy.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1979

[Intensive care in chest trauma (author's transl)].

A statistical analysis of the case material at the Intensive Care Unit, Freiburg, for the years 1975 and 1976 established that 40% and 39% respectively of patients with multiple injuries had also suffered a chest trauma and that the latter was the direct cause of respiratory insufficiency in 61% (1975) and 57% (1976) of patients in need of controlled respiration, i.e. respiratory insufficiency dominated the clinical and pathophysiological picture. The causes were: restricted respiratory movements due to pain, compression of the lungs or pathological changes in the injured lung, and they affected the normal gaseous exchange in a variety of ways. Alveolar hypoventilation with disturbance of ventilation-perfusion, increase in the functional shunt volume, rise in the functional dead space combined with reduced functional residual capacity and compliance result, if left uncorrected, in a drastic increase of resistance on the part of the pulmonary vessels and finally in, often fatal, hyoxaemia and hypercapnia. Regular estimations of the arterial blood gases in air and pure oxygen, of the arterio-alveolar difference in oxygen pressure, shunt volume, dead space and effective compliance of the chest wall and lungs are, therefore, essential. Treatment in an intensive care unit comprises the relief of any acute condition, such as tension pneumothorax, haemothorax, and general measures. Means to relieve pain in patients whose chest injuries are not sufficiently severe to require artificial ventilation are: intercostal blocking, acupuncture or peridural analgesia; efficient breathing exercises are important. The indications for artificial ventilation should be interpreted generously and the decision to perform it should be made at an early stage. The technique is determined by the type of pathological changes in the gaseous exchange and should aim at restoring normal conditions as far as possible.

Blood Gas Analysis↗

PubMed1988

Intrathecal morphine for spinal fusion in children.

Intrathecal morphine (0.025 mg/kg) was administered preoperatively to 20 children undergoing major surgery of the rachis, ie, either posterior (16 cases) or anterior (4 cases) spinal fusions. During the surgical procedure, hemodynamic control was easily maintained. Blood loss was slightly less than 50% of blood volume and the mean infusion rate of blood was 6.3 +/- 4.5 ml/kg/hour for the duration of surgery. The technique did not significantly interfere with wake-up tests, and memory of awakening was only observed in one case. The postoperative course was also positively affected. The children could be extubated within the 30 minutes following completion of surgery, and they could perform effective breathing exercises early on. High degree and long duration (36 to 72 hours) of pain relief were obtained in every case. No major adverse effect was observed. Thus, the administration of intrathecal morphine prior to spinal fusion appears to be safe, easy, and reliable. We think it should be recommended for major surgery of the rachis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

The role of chest physiotherapy in mucus hypersecretion.

Review of the data shows that chest physiotherapy (CP) is effective in clearing secretions from the lungs of patients with copious secretions (i.e., daily sputum production in excess of 30 ml). Assessment of the various components of CP shows that percussion, vibratory shaking, and breathing exercises have little to offer. Although instructed cough, the back up mucus clearance mechanism, is effective in clearing secretions its effect is less than that achieved with the forced expiration technique (FET). Postural drainage (PD) is on the whole successful in helping to drain secretions in the lungs. The administration of a beta 2-agonist via a nebulizer prior to CP in addition to promoting bronchodilation may also help to alter the physical properties of secretions, rendering them more amenable for clearance by FET/cough. Technology regarding high-frequency oscillations (HFO) has yet to be improved and its efficacy in clearing excess secretions proven prior to its inclusion in a CP treatment regimen. Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) may have a role to play in those patients where conventional CP is not possible. Data with positive expiratory pressure (PEP) are encouraging and direct evaluation is awaited regarding its effect on mucus clearance. With our present knowledge it seems reasonable to recommend that physiotherapists concentrate their CP treatment on the following: administration of a nebulized beta 2-agonist followed by PD and FET.

Breathing Exercises↗

PubMed2004

The effect of information and behavioural training on endoscopy patients' clinical outcomes.

This study was designed to examine the effects of preparatory information and behavioural training on patients about to undergo an endoscopy procedure. Forty-five first-time endoscopy patients (aged 20-70 years), were randomly assigned to one of three groups (cognitive, cognitive/behavioural and control group). The cognitive group received a 12 min preparation with sensory and procedural information relating to the sensations and sequence of events associated with the endoscopy procedure. The cognitive/behavioural group received, in addition, instruction in deep breathing exercises, tongue depressor task and swallowing technique. Results indicated that patients in the two experimental conditions experienced significantly fewer signs of behavioural distress during endoscopy. The cognitive group required a significantly shorter time to induce the scope. There were no statistical differences between the groups however, for mood, physiological and anxiety measures, although a positive trend was evident for the two intervention groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The use of electromyographic biofeedback in treating a client with tension headaches.

EMG biofeedback was used during a 4-week treatment program to decrease upper trapezius activity related to tension headaches. The headaches were believed to be caused by general tension and anxiety and affected the patient's ability to adequately attend to activities of daily living, including child care, homemaking, and vocational activities. The program combined deep-breathing exercises, progressive muscular relaxation exercises, resisted shoulder elevation exercises, and EMG monitoring during upper extremity tasks involving shoulder flexion. An important adjunct to clinic sessions was a home exercise program to be completed 2 to 3 times per day. In this case, the EMG biofeedback program was successful in assisting the patient to eliminate tension headaches for at least an 8-week period. At the same time, the patient reported an increased ability to attend to activities of daily living, stating that she was able to "do more around the house" and had not missed a day at work in 2 months.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of a comprehensive yoga-based lifestyle modification program on lipid peroxidation.

Oxidative stress contributes to the process of aging as well as a variety of chronic degenerative diseases. There are indications that psychological stress increases oxidative stress whereas relaxation decreases it. We have measured the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in blood as an indicator of oxidative stress at the beginning and at the end of a comprehensive yoga-based lifestyle modification program (YLMP). The data was collected from 104 subjects (59 male, 45 female), 19-71 years of age (mean +/- SD, 41.2 +/- 14.6 years). The YLMP consisted of a nine-day educational out-patient course on the theory and practice of yoga and included, besides a daily one-hour practice of physical postures (asanas) and breathing exercises (pranayama), lecture and films on yoga, stress management and nutrition, practice of meditation and shavasana (a relaxation technique), and individual counseling. Venous blood samples were collected on the first and last day of the course. The serum concentration of TBARS decreased significantly from 1.72 +/- 0.72 nmoles/ml on day 1 to 1.57 +/- 0.72 nmoles/ml on day 10 (P<0.05). The study suggests that a brief low cost lifestyle intervention based on yoga reduces oxidative stress.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

[The effects of preoperative treatment and physical training to operability in patients with bronchial carcinomas (author's transl)].

Training effects of preoperative treatment, especially of breathing exercises in 52 patients with bronchial carcinoma were controlled by bodyplethysmography, measurements of the thoracic and abdominal circumferences in inspiration and expiration before and after the training program. In patients with obstructive ventilation disorders the expiratory resistance came to be reduced significantly. The mobility of the thoracic wall and of diaphragm increased in all patient-groups, but not in patients with restrictive ventilation disorders. After introducing the complex program the complication rate seems to drop to half of the previous rate.

Adolescent↗