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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Autologous bone marrow support and bone disease in metastatic breast cancer.

High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autotransplantation of hematopoietic cells is being investigated as a therapy for either metastatic or localized high-risk breast cancer. Breast cancer has a tendency to metastasize to the bones and the bone marrow (BM) and therefore the probability of harvesting malignant cells when collecting stem cells for autotransplantation appears high. Thus, the elimination or decrease of this contamination in the transplanted product appears mandatory. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has shown significant advantages over autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in improving the feasibility of HDCT, while possible limiting the BM contamination. The transplantation of only CD34+ products may even be a further advance. The role of ex vivo purging of cancer cells has not been established in ABMT or PBSCT. The question remains if the positive selection of CD34+ products is sufficient for controlling cancer cell contamination or if this product should be purged as well. The review of the literature suggests that contamination of the bone marrow could have an impact in terms of risk or relapse and could thus play a role as a pejorative prognostic factor. These data, although not totally adequate for the autotransplantation setting, are raising concerns over the probability of reinfusing malignant cells at time of autotransplantation following HDCT. There is a tremendous need to address these concerns in the laboratory along with prospective clinical trials. Until further data is available, this risk must be taken into consideration when patients with breast cancer are treated with curative intent.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed1993

The expression of cytokine and cytokine receptor genes in long-term bone marrow culture in congenital and acquired bone marrow hypoplasias.

A number of cytokines have been shown to have stimulatory activity on multipotent haematopoietic precursors. These include kit ligand (KL), interleukins (IL) 1, 3 and 6 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Using reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction method (RT/PCR) we have examined the expression of these cytokines, the c-kit and IL-6 receptors, in long-term bone marrow culture (LTC) adherent layer cells in human bone marrow hypoplasia syndromes. Disorders studied include Fanconi's anaemia (FA, n = 16), idiopathic aplastic anaemia (AA, n = 11), Seckel's syndrome (n = 2), dyskeratosis congenita (n = 2), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (n = 1), thrombocytopenia with absent radii syndrome (n = 1), acquired amegakaryocytosis (n = 1), paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (n = 1) and acquired agranulocytosis (n = 1). IL-6 and GM-CSF expression appeared reduced in most patients with FA, suggesting that impaired production of these cytokines may contribute to the bone marrow failure seen in most patients with FA. In contrast, abundant IL-6 and GM-CSF expression were seen in most patients with AA when compared with the FA group and controls; these may be mediators of a stromal response in this disorder. No obvious differences were seen between the different patients' groups and controls in expression of the other cytokines or cytokine receptors studied.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed2001

[Disseminated bone marrow metastases from gastric cancer: detection and monitoring the effectiveness of chemotherapy by bone marrow scintigraphy].

Disseminated bone marrow metastasis of cancer is a critical condition, frequently complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). A 32-year-old man with gastric cancer was diagnosed as having disseminated bone marrow metastases. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated many abnormal radionuclide accumulations in the whole body. Bone marrow aspiration revealed cancer cells. Bone marrow scintigraphy with 111In-Cl3 demonstrated central marrow failure and peripheral expansion. The remission of DIC was observed after sequential methotrexate and 5-FU therapy, then uptake of radionuclide in the central bone marrow was remarkably improved by bone marrow scan. After thirteen anti-cancer chemotherapies, recurrence of DIC was suspected because of the reduction of blood platelet count. Nevertheless, repeated bone marrow scan still demonstrated the central bone marrow clearly. The patient discharged from our hospital without the recurrence of DIC. We considered bone marrow scintigraphy is useful in the detection of disseminated bone marrow metastases of cancer and monitoring the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Normal cytogenetic values for bone marrow based on studies of bone marrow transplant donors.

For individuals suspected of having hematologic neoplasms, interpretation of the clinical significance of sporadic cells with chromosome breakage, structural anomalies, aneuploidy, or polyploidy is often difficult. To help resolve this problem, we established normal cytogenetic values for bone marrow (BM) by investigating 219 BM transplant (BMT) donors using standard techniques for chromosome analysis. The donors ranged in age from 2 to 58 years and were studied for 7 years. The constitutional karyotype for two individuals was 47,XXY; one was mos45,X/46,XX, one was mos46,XX/47,XX, + mar, and 215 were normal. Among other statistics, the median and normal ranges (95th percentile) were determined for any kind of chromosome abnormality, autosomal loss, autosomal gain, sex chromosome loss, sex chromosome gain, chromosome breaks or gaps, major structural abnormalities, and polyploidy. The results suggest that random loss of chromosomes is common in cytogenetic preparations of BM, appears to be largely technical and is inversely proportional to chromosome size. Cells with extra chromosomes or with structural abnormalities are rare in normal BM. No specific sporadic structural abnormalities of chromosomes are associated with normal BM. The widely accepted cytogenetic definition for an abnormal clone appears to be valid, with the possible exception of occasional studies involving loss of smaller autosomes. There may be a correlation between loss of the Y chromosome and age of the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Enrichment and characterization of thymus-repopulating cells in stroma-dependent cultures of rat bone marrow.

The bone marrow precursor cells seeding the thymus have been difficult to investigate using fresh bone marrow and in vivo thymus reconstitution assays. We have therefore designed a short-term bone marrow culture system allowing the study of thymus-repopulating cells in the marrow microenvironment. Low-density rat bone marrow cells were grown on pre-established mouse bone marrow stromal cell layers. Cocultured cells were maintained either under steroid-free conditions (Whitlock/Witte-type culture) or in the presence of 10(-7) M hydrocortisone (Dexter-type culture). After 3 days in vitro, the unanchored cell fractions were tested for their ability to colonize and repopulate fetal mouse thymic lobes in vitro. Both fresh low-density cells and Whitlock/Witte-type cultures, but not Dexter-type cultures, gave rise intrathymically to significant numbers of rat donor-type Thy-1.1high CD2+ CD5low CD43+ cells accounting for 50% to 90% of the organ-cultured cells at day 14. Repopulation of fetal mouse thymic lobes by rat Thy-1.1high cells could be used as a readout assay for initiation of thymopoiesis from bone marrow precursor cells, since 90% of the cells were CD3-/low and TCR alpha beta-/low and 15% of the cells co-expressed CD4 and CD8. Dose-response analysis showed that thymus repopulating cells were at least maintained, if not amplified during the 3-day culture period, leading to at least a 10-fold enrichment as compared to unfractionated bone marrow. Unlike fresh low-density cells before culture, short-term Whitlock/Witte-type cultures were depleted in myeloid-restricted precursor cells. In culture, the thymus-repopulating activity was predominantly associated with a 10% lymphoid cell subset which did not express the B-lineage-associated antigens revealed by HIS24 (the rat B220 equivalent) and HIS50 mAbs. We propose that unanchored thymus-repopulating cells enriched in Whitlock/Witte-type cultures may represent lymphoid-restricted, T-cell precursors of the bone marrow capable of emigrating and colonizing the thymus.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Bone marrow as multidimensional orbit oscillator after autologous bone marrow transplantation.

The local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in bone marrow is probably involved in the control of hematopoiesis. Earlier observations suggest the relationship between the frequency of sodium and potassium concentration changes in urine and bone marrow recovery after chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to prove the relationship between sodium and potassium excretion changes in urine and granulocyte counts in peripheral blood after autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The correlation between amplitude maximum FFmax of F=d[Na]/d[K], where d[Na] and d[K] are changes of sodium and potassium excretions in 24 h, and granulocytes, recorded k days later, was found in 12 patients with autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and/or PBSCT. In patients with successful engraftment, k ranged from 4 to 7 days. In the patient with unsuccessful BMT, k was 12 days. The results imply the interaction between systemic and bone marrow RAS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Retrospective evaluation of autologous bone marrow transplantation vs allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an HLA identical related donor in acute myelocytic leukemia. A study of the European Cooperative Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT).

We analyzed retrospectively data from 1696 patients with AML transplanted in Europe from January 1987 to December 1992 and reported to the acute leukemia EBMT registry. Groups of patients were analyzed according to age (adults and children) and status at transplant (first remission = CR1; second remission = CR2). (1) 1114 adult patients were transplanted in CR1; 516 received an allograft; 598 received an autograft. Following alloBMT, the transplant-related mortality (TRM) was significantly higher (27 vs 13%, P < 10(-4)), the relapse incidence (RI) lower (25 vs 52%, P < 10(-4)) and the leukemia-free survival (LFS) better (55 vs 42%, P = 0.006). Favorable prognostic factors for alloBMT were a FAB type other than M4-M5, a donor-recipient combination excluding a female donor to a male recipient, and a younger age. Favorable prognostic factors for ABMT were a younger age of the patients at time of transplant, the AML3 FAB type, and a longer interval from CR1 to ABMT. (2) 288 adult patients were transplanted in CR2: 98 received an allograft; 190 received an autograft. The TRM was higher following allogeneic BMT (32 vs 20%, P = 0.02) and the RI lower (42 vs 63%, P = 0.001). The LFS was not significantly different (alloBMT: 39%; ABMT: 30%, P = 0.22). (3) 242 children were transplanted in CR1; 129 received an allograft; 113 received an autograft. Following alloBMT, the RI was lower (25 + 5 vs 48 + 6%, P < 10(-4)), and the LFS better (68 vs 47%, P = 0.002). The use of TBI was a favorable prognostic factor in allografted patients with a lower RI and a better LFS. (4) The number of children transplanted in CR2 was too small for a comparative analysis. These results confirm that both allogeneic and autologous BMT are suitable curative approaches for AML. They favor the use of an HLA identical related allogeneic transplant when available, especially in younger patients, over ABMT with unpurged marrow. The role of purging in ABMT could not be addressed in this study.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Bone marrow biopsy and bone scan to detect skeletal metastases.

This study correlates the findings of bone marrow biopsy with those of bone scan in patients with common cancers and highlights the comparable sensitivities of the two methods at the authors' institution. The results show that bone scintigraphy may be slightly more sensitive than bone marrow examination for the detection of carcinomatous metastases. This experience suggests that institutions should devise clinical pathways based on their testing sensitivities and patient characteristics. These considerations will ultimately result in better and more cost-effective treatment of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Allogenic bone marrow graft in thalassemia major. The French experience].

From August 1985 to April 1988, 17 patients have been allografted in France for TM. Fourteen (82%) are alive, 10 (58%) are cured and 4 in autologous reconstitution. Three died, 2 of whom after a second transplantation, and 2 due to CMV interstitial pneumonia. Ten of 17 were conditioned by cyclophosphamide (Cy: 200 mg/kg) and busulfan (Bu: 14 mg/kg): 10 are alive, 6 cured and 4 in autologous reconstitution. Five received Cy (200 mg/kg) Bu (16 mg/kg) +/- total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) (3 patients): 2 patients are cured (one after hepatic veno-occlusive disease), and 3 died. For 2 patients, conditioning included total body irradiation: both are cured. Graft versus host (GVH) reaction prevention included: 4 T cell depletion (with additional prevention in 3; 2 are cured, one is in autologous reconstitution, 1 died); 5 cyclosporine alone (2 cured, 2 autologous reconstitution, 1 dead) and 8 cyclosporine + methotrexate (6 cured, 1 autologous reconstitution, 1 dead). Four of 12 evaluable patients presented a less than or equal to 2 grade acute GVHd. None had received a T cell depleted marrow. Bone marrow transplantation is the only curative treatment currently available for TM patients with HLA identical donors. It should be proposed to any young patient before iron overload is established. Optimal conditioning includes Cy (200 mg/kg) + Bu (14 mg/kg). The best protocol for GVHd prevention remains to be defined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Immune reconstitution following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, autologous bone marrow transplantation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

The rate and pattern of recovery of total lymphocytes, T cell subsets, B cells and NK cells were compared for 12 months following recovery phase peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) autotransplantation (n = 49), autologous (n = 7) and allogeneic BMT (n = 11). The PBSC group had a significantly faster recovery of total lymphocyte count, total T cells (CD3+ cells), CD8 cells and CD4 cells than the allogeneic BMT group. The pattern of earlier recovery of CD8 cells than CD4 cells was the same for each type of transplant. Reconstitution following autologous BMT was intermediate between PBSC and allogeneic BMT. Multivariate analysis identified type of transplant, number of mononuclear cells transplanted and conditioning regimen as significantly influencing immune recovery.

B-Lymphocyte Subsets↗
PubMed2005

Increased adipogenesis in bone marrow but decreased bone mineral density in mice devoid of thyroid hormone receptors.

Mice deficient for all known thyroid hormone receptors, TRalpha1-/-beta-/- mice, display a clear skeletal phenotype characterized by growth retardation, delayed maturation of long bones and decreased trabecular and total bone mineral density (BMD; -14.6 +/- 2.8%, -14.4 +/- 1.5%). The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the skeletal phenotype in TRalpha1-/-beta-/- mice. Global gene expression analysis was performed on total vertebrae from wild-type (WT) and TRalpha1-/-beta-/- mice using DNA microarray and the results were verified by real-time PCR. The mRNA levels of six genes (AdipoQ, Adipsin, Fat-Specific Protein 27 (FSP 27), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)) expressed by mature adipocytes were increased in TRalpha1-/-beta-/- compared with WT mice. An increased amount of fat (225% over WT) due to an increased number but unchanged mean size of adipocytes in the bone marrow of TRalpha1-/-beta-/- mice was revealed. Interestingly, the mRNA levels of the key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, receptor activator of NF-varkappab ligand (RANKL), were dramatically decreased in TRalpha1-/-beta-/- mice. In conclusion, TRalpha1-/-beta-/- mice demonstrated increased expression of adipocyte specific genes and an increased amount of bone marrow fat. Thus, these mice have increased adipogenesis in bone marrow associated with decreased trabecular bone mineral density (BMD). One may speculate that these effects either could be caused by an imbalance in the differentiation of the osteoblast and the adipocyte lineages at the expense of osteoblastogenesis, or by independent effects on the regulation of both osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed1993

Prevention of autoimmune inflammatory polyarthritis in male New Zealand black/KN mice by transplantation of bone marrow cells plus bone (stromal cells).

OBJECTIVE: To prevent polyarthritis in male New Zealand black/KN (NZB/KN) mice by transplantation of both bone marrow cells (BMC) and bone (to recruit stromal cells) from normal mice. METHODS: Arthritic lesions in male NZB/KN mice injected intravenously with BMC plus bone from C57Bl/10 mice were compared with those in untreated male NZB/KN mice. RESULTS: Male NZB/KN mice engrafted with BMC plus bone were both radiologically and histopathologically normal, and had decreased production of anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies and rheumatoid factors at 8-12 months of age. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow transplantation prevented polyarthritis in male NZB/KN mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of blackleg by direct immunofluorescence in bovine bone marrow].

On smears of marrow-bone death bovines, presumptively diagnostic of black-leg, we have carried out the direct immunofluorescence test (IF). We used two labelled immunosera with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The immunosera wer prepared with the reference strain 5078 of Clostridium chauvoei as following: a) a cellular extract obtained with veronal buffer 0.045 M pH = 8.6, and b) a flagellar suspension obtained by agitation with glass beads, centrifuged at 3,500 x g, and centrifuged again at 16,000 x g during 20 min at 4 degrees C. Both antigenic preparations were injected into rabbits, five doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 ml) each by i.v. route. Control positive strain of C. chauvoei were used, and control negative strains of C. septicum and C. perfringens were used too. Of all 56 examined samples, 26 (47.5%) gave positive IF test. These results had a 100% of correlation by culture and biochemical identification.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[MR imaging of the bone marrow using short TI IR. Part 2--Normal and pathological intensity distribution of the bone marrow].

Bone marrow pathology of hematological neoplasms was evaluated using short TI IR sequences and T2 weighted STIR (IR 1500/100/40, IR 1500/100/80). Material consisted of 49 individuals including 10 leukemias, 5 myelofibroses and 30 multiple myelomas. On IR 1500/100/40, all cases revealed heterogenously or diffusely high intensity. On IR 1500/100/80, both of acute and chronic myelocytic leukemias revealed definite signal decrease, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis and multiple myeloma showed no obvious signal decrease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Polymerase chain reaction amplification of archival material for Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and parvovirus B19 in children with bone marrow hemophagocytosis.

Bone marrow hemophagocytosis may occur as an incidental finding, or it may be a manifestation of a systemic and potentially lethal disorder. When systemic, the proliferation is termed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a clinicopathologic entity characterized by a widespread proliferation of benign hemophagocytic histiocytes, fever, pancytopenia, deranged liver function, and frequently coagulopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. A variety of infectious agents, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), and parvovirus B19 (PVB19), have been associated with HLH, but the relative frequency of each using one technique has not been evaluated. In addition, infectious causes of incidental bone marrow hemophagocytosis, not occurring in the setting of HLH, have not been evaluated. Review of bone marrow reports from bone marrow examinations done between December 1986 and June 1997 showed that 20 children aged 2 months to 15 years had bone marrow examinations that indicated hemophagocytosis. Archival materials from 19 patients were successfully retrieved, and DNA was extracted from archived unstained coverslips with subsequent polymerase chain reaction for EBV, CMV, HHV6, and PVB19 genomic DNA. DNA extracted from 16 bone marrow specimens of age-matched children was used as negative controls. Eleven of the 19 patients fulfilled the clinical and pathological criteria for HLH; the remaining eight patients had isolated hemophagocytosis without a systemic presentation. Viral DNA was detected in 8 of 11 patients with HLH but in none of eight patients with isolated hemophagocytosis. EBV was present in five of the bone marrows, followed in frequency by HHV6, CMV, and PVB19. Infection with more than one agent was present in three patients. Only one control patient was positive for HHV6 DNA; the remaining control patients were negative for all viruses. Viral infection, detected by PCR analysis of bone marrow, is a common finding in patients with HLH but not in patients with isolated bone marrow hemophagocytosis. This technique may provide another marker to aid in the diagnosis of HLH and suggests a different cause of hemophagocytosis occurring in patients with and without HLH.

Adolescent↗