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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

[Effect of the survival of xenografts in animals].

A method of free xenotransplantation of skeletal muscles (from rat donors) to another species (mouse, hamster or guinea pig) has been elaborated. It has been shown that the muscle (gastrocnemius) of the donor animal acquires the property to survive and develop when wrapped in a cellophane film. The muscle should be kept wrapped in a cellophane film for up to 330 days. The transplanted muscle can survive and develop, acquiring normal histological structure, typical motor innervation and contractile activity. For xenotransplantation a fragment of the donor muscle corresponding to the size of the removed recipient muscle was excised. Mouse and hamster recipients were last examined 330 days, and guinea pigs 60 days after transplantation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of fibrin assembly inhibitor from plasma and tissue extracts].

Procedures for isolation of an inhibitor of the fibrin self association are described. The procedures involved dialysis across cuprophane or cellophane T-100, ion exchange chromatography (the first method) or gel filtration (the second method). The product containing amino acid impurities was obtained after dialysis across cuprophane and ion exchange chromatography; a homogeneous inhibitor was isolated by means of dialysis across cellophane T-100 and gel filtration through Sephadex G-50.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1984

Large scale treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infections with praziquantel under field conditions.

A study on mass treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infections with praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin-4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) was performed in order to find out the most effective and convenient administration scheme of this drug. 3543 (12.3%) out of 28 826 examined individuals were found to be infected with C. sinensis. First, the cellophane thick smear technique was used. Then the infected people were reexamined for determination of EPG (eggs per gram) using Stoll's egg counting technique. Of the infected cases, 2958 individuals were divided into 3 groups and treated with the following three administration schemes of praziquantel: 1. 40 mg/kg X 1 in one day; 2. 30 mg/kg X 2 (total 60 mg/kg) in one day; 3. 30 mg/kg X 3 (total 90 mg/kg) in one day; To evaluate drug efficacy, another stool examination was undertaken 2 months after treatment. Of the treated cases, 2,797 people could be evaluated by both cellophane thick smear and egg counting examinations. The results obtained were as follows: 1. When 40 mg/kg of praziquantel were administered once a day, the cure rate (egg negative conversion rate) was 87.1% and the egg reduction rate was 97.6%. 2. With the dose of 30 mg/kg twice a day with 5-h interval, the cure rate was 94.9% and egg reduction rate was 99.0%. 3. The dosage of 30 mg/kg three times a day with 5-h intervals resulted in 91.4% cure rate and 99.9% egg reduction. The treated cases were reexamined 5 h after drug intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Clonorchiasis↗

PubMed1981

Transfilter evidence for a zone of polarizing activity participating in limb morphogenesis.

Barriers were inserted into stage-20 HH chick embryo wing buds to separate the zone of polarizing activity from the anterior two-thirds of the wing bud with its overlying apical ectodermal ridge. Half of the barrier length projected out of the wing bud at insertion. Sham-operated wing buds developed only occasionally into wings with cartilage deletions. After insertion of an impermeable membrane (Cellophane), the typical wing skeleton contained only a humerus and a radius. In order to differentiate between diffusion, cell contact and cell penetration, Nuclepore filters with pore sizes of 0.05 micrometer 1.0 micrometer and 8.0 micrometer, respectively, were inserted. The typical wing skeleton after Nucleopore filter insertion was one with post-axial deletions. None, however, developed with complete distal deletions as after Cellophane. Deletions in the wing skeletons after Nuclepore insertion were the least with 1.0 micrometer filters and the most with 8.0 micrometer filters. Elevation of the apical ectodermal ridge was noted until 18 h after the insertions. In none of the groups did the ridge flatten. The results suggest that the zone of polarizing activity does have a role in normal limb morphogenesis. The mechanism by which its morphogen spreads is diffusion rather than being mediated via cell contacts.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Scanning electron microscopic findings of the premacular vitreous in eyes without posterior vitreous detachment].

We examined the posterior vitreous of 24 normal autopsy eyes without posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by biomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When the gel component was stained with fluorescein and the specimen was immersed in water, the vitreous cortex showed extreme attenuation at the premacular area and the lacuna (posterior precortical vitreous pocket: PPVP) was present in front of the vitreous cortex. In SEM photographs the same position, the vitreous cortex was observed as a cellophane-like membrane overlying the retina at the magnification of approximately 40-100 x. The meshwork structure of the cellophane-like membrane could be seen at the magnification of approximately 1,000 x. The size of the fibers forming the mesh was compatible with that of vitreous collagen fibers. The smooth surface of internal limiting membrane was observed beneath the fibrous membrane. We confirmed that the vitreous cortex was present as a fibrous membrane separated from the gel component in eyes with no PVD.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

A characterized model of left ventricular hypertrophy in the rabbit.

A rabbit model of left ventricular hypertrophy is characterized with respect to blood pressure, heart mass and ventricular refractoriness. Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy was induced by unilateral nephrectomy plus wrapping of the contralateral kidney in cellophane. Control or sham operated animals were subjected to a similar procedure except that the kidney was not wrapped in cellophane. No change in conscious mean arterial blood pressure was shown in the 11 sham operated animals (75 +/- 2 mmHg before operation and 75 +/- 3 mmHg 4-5 weeks after). Mean arterial pressure was increased from 73 +/- 2 to 99 +/- 3 mmHg by 4-5 weeks and had reached a plateau of 110 +/- 3 mmHg 5-6 weeks after operation in the 16 animals in which the kidney was wrapped. The ratios of left ventricular dry weight to body weight and of whole heart wet weight to body weight were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the wrap group (0.38 +/- 0.01 and 2.97 +/- 0.12, respectively) than in the sham group (0.29 +/- 0.01 and 2.44 +/- 0.08 respectively). Effective refractory period, recorded from the left side of the arterially perfused interventricular septum, was greater in the wrap (266.1 +/- 8.9 ms) than in the sham group (228.2 +/- 3.5 ms). Linear correlations were shown between mean arterial pressure or effective refractory period vs the ratio of left ventricular dry weight to body weight or ratio of whole heart to body weight. This study has shown that hypertension induced by perinephritis caused left ventricular hypertrophy which was associated with a prolongation in ventricular refractoriness in the rabbit.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

An oral ivermectin regimen that eradicates pinworms (Syphacia spp.) in laboratory rats and mice.

Pinworm infection, a common problem in laboratory rodent colonies, is difficult to control because anthelmintics like ivermectin eliminate adult worms but have no effect on ova, which can survive ex vivo for prolonged periods. On the premise that repeated treatments with ivermectin would keep rodents parasite-free until all ova matured into ivermectin-susceptible worms in vivo or died in vivo or ex vivo, 80 rats and 25 mice heavily infected with pinworms (Syphacia obvelata and S. muris) were randomized to receive two to five courses of ivermectin 3 days apart or no treatment. During each treatment, ivermectin was given for 4 days in the drinking water; based on water consumption, the mean ivermectin dose was 2.9 and 4.0 mg/kg of body weight per day in rats and mice respectively. Ova production was monitored by weekly cellophane tape tests; 29 to 32 weeks after treatment ended, all rodents were euthanized, and their evacuated large intestinal contents were examined for adult pinworms and ova. Despite intermittently negative cellophane tape test results in untreated rodents (10 rats and 5 mice), all were infected with parasites at the end of the follow-up period. These findings underscore the limitations of the tape test for diagnosis of pinworm infection. After two courses of ivermectin, 1 of 10 rats and four of five mice were infected, whereas after three courses only 1 of 40 rats and one of five mice had parasites. In contrast, none of the 20 rats or 10 mice given either four or five courses of ivermectin had parasites at 30 to 32 weeks of follow-up evaluation. This simple and well-tolerated ivermectin regimen may help to treat and control pinworm infection in laboratory rodent colonies.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1996

Membranous nature of premacular vitreous cortex in the human eye.

To characterize the morphologic nature of the premacular vitreous, we examined the posterior vitreous of 24 normal autopsy eyes without posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by biomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For biomicroscopic observation, the vitreous was stained with fluorescein and immersed in water. The posterior portion of the eyeball was then desiccated and examined by SEM. The vitreous cortex was extremely thin in the premacular area, and premacular liquefied lacuna was invariably seen in front of the thin vitreous cortex by biomicroscopic observations. In SEM the premacular vitreous cortex appeared to be a cellophane-like membrane overlying the retina at x40 approximately 100 magnification. A meshwork structure could be seen in the cellophane-like membrane at the magnification of approximately x1000. The diameter of fibers in the meshwork was compatible with that of vitreous collagen. We confirmed that the premacular vitreous cortex was of a membranous nature distinct from the vitreous gel in eyes without PVD.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of various infection-control methods for light-cure units on the cure of composite resins.

This study (1) compared the curing-light intensity with various barrier infection-control methods used to prevent cross contamination, (2) compared the Knoop hardness value of cured composite resin when various barrier control methods were used, and (3) correlated the hardness of the composite resin with the light-intensity output when different infection-control methods were used. The light-cure unit tips were covered with barriers, such as cellophane wrap, plastic gloves, Steri-shields, and finger cots. The control group had no barrier. Composite resins were then cured for each of the five groups, and their Knoop hardness values recorded. The results showed that there was significant statistical difference in the light-intensity output among the five groups. However, there was no significant statistical difference in the Knoop hardness values among any of the groups. There was also no correlation between the Knoop hardness value of the composite resin with the light-intensity output and the different infection-control methods. Therefore, any of the five infection-control methods could be used as barriers for preventing cross-contamination of the light-cure unit tip, for the light-intensity output for all five groups exceeded the recommended value of 300 W/m2. However, to allow a greater margin of error in clinical situations, the authors recommend that the plastic glove or the cellophane wrap be used to wrap the light-cure tip, since these barriers allowed the highest light-intensity output.

Composite Resins↗

PubMed1999

Flow cytometric study of in vitro neutrophil activation by biomaterials.

Neutrophil activation for adherent and nonadherent cells, as measured by flow cytometry, was not strongly dependent on material surface chemistry. We had hypothesized that material-induced neutrophil activation was an important parameter associated with material failure. All materials tested [cellophane, an acrylonitrile copolymer (AN69), Pellethane, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, low density polyethylene, and polydimethylsiloxane] activated isolated human neutrophils, which were resuspended in plasma or serum, to similar extents based on L-selectin shedding, CD11b upregulation, and stimulation of the oxidative burst after 30-min exposure. Inhibition of complement activation by sCR1 unexpectedly had little effect if any on nonadherent neutrophils. However, neutrophil adhesion, but not the level of activation of the adherent cells, was strongly dependent on complement activation. Pretreatment with albumin did not inhibit adhesion or reduce neutrophil activation, but plasma pretreatment resulted in increased activation for nonadherent and adherent cells. More adhesion and a higher level of activation of adherent cells was observed following pretreatment with fibrinogen, a ligand of CD11b. Taken together these results suggest that upon contact with a material, neutrophil activation may occur though mechanisms that are not mediated by complement. For example, the presence of plasma proteins such as fibrinogen at the interface may trigger activation and the release of other activating agents. Although the material differences are small, the extent of activation may be significant and warrant further study of the mechanism and consequences of that activation.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1984

Reduction in complement activation from biomaterials by removal of air nuclei from the surface roughness.

The activation of the rabbit complement system by each of three different synthetic materials is reported. Samples of each type of material were subjected to one of two different priming procedures. One priming procedure was intended to remove the air nuclei from the surface roughness of the materials; the other procedure was just the normal one. It was found that the removal of the air nuclei during priming reduced the complement activation by each of the two materials of lower surface tension, but not by a statistically significant amount for the material of highest surface tension, cellophane. For the denucleated samples of the three materials, the amount of complement activation was found to correlate with the critical surface tension of the materials; if the samples of the materials were normally primed, there was no correlation of the amount of complement activation with the critical surface tension of the material.

Air↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Equilibrium adsorption of human serum albumin and human fibrinogen on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces.

The adsorption of human serum albumin and human fibrinogen on flat surfaces was quantitatively determined by measuring the decrease in UV absorption in the adsorption solution. The applicability of the method is discussed for hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. The values of equilibrium adsorption are presented--albumin on polyethylene, and fibrinogen on polyethylene, carbon, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and cellophane.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1989

Osteoclast formation in vitro from progenitor cells present in the adult mouse circulation.

The development of multinucleated cells with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was studied in coverslip cultures of murine blood leukocytes and in cocultures of blood leukocytes with murine fetal bone rudiments. Cells with TRAP activity were not present among the leukocytes before culture and were absent in the bone rudiments at the time of explanation. After 14 days, macrophages with only tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase activity developed in cultures of leukocytes without long bones. Multinucleated cells were not seen. In cocultures of leukocytes with bone rudiments, however, multinucleated cells with a strong TRAP activity had formed after 10-14 days of coculture. These TRAP-positive cells had invaded the bones and resorbed part of the calcified matrix. Electron microscopy revealed ruffled borders on the resorbing cells. In cocultures, TRAP-positive cells also formed from leukocyte fractions depleted of strongly adherent cells. Also on the cellophane supports of the cocultures, mononuclear cells with a stellate appearance and a strong TRAP activity were seen. We suggest that, in the cocultures, osteoclasts developed from a TRAP-negative, circulating progenitor cell. The presence of osteoclast progenitor cells in the circulation is discussed in light of the descent of osteoclasts from hematopoietic stem cells. That appearance of TRAP activity was always seen in resorbing cells and was not acquired in monocytes present in the leukocyte fraction by mere culture means that in the mouse TRAP is a useful marker for osteoclasts.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed2001

Brief occlusion of the main pancreatic duct rapidly initiates signals which lead to increased duct cell proliferation in the rat.

In the course of investigating the signals associated with pancreas regeneration, we have developed a method to initiate pancreatic duct cell proliferation by brief occlusion of the main pancreatic duct. The resulting duct cell proliferation, induced by temporary partial main duct occlusion, was compared to that induced by firmly tying a cellophane strip around the head of the pancreas for longer periods of time. Both methods stimulated a biphasic increase in duct cell proliferation, with proliferation maxima at 3 and 14 days post operation. The short duration of temporary main duct occlusion (60 s) that was needed to stimulate duct cell proliferation, and the similar duct cell proliferation profiles that were observed after both the temporary and the longer term main duct occlusion, led us to conclude that the signals which initiate proliferation occur rapidly at the beginning of each procedure.

Amylases↗

PubMed1992

Trophic stimulation of the ductular-islet cell axis: a new approach to the treatment of diabetes.

We have established a model in which cellophane wrapping induces reiteration of the normal ontogeny of beta-cell differentiation from ductal tissue. The secretion of insulin is physiologic and coordinated to the needs of the animal. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in hamsters can be "cured" at least 1/2 the time. There appears to be activation of growth factor(s) within the pancreas acting in an autocrine, paracrine or juxtacrine manner to induce ductal cell proliferation and differentiation into functioning beta-cells. Given the results of our studies to date, it does not seem premature to envisage new approaches to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Identification of the factor(s) which regulate islet cell proliferation and differentiation in our model may permit islets to be grown in culture. This concept could be extended to induce endocrine cell differentiation in-vitro as well. Furthermore, islet cell growth factors could be used to provide "trophic support" to islet transplants as a means of maintaining graft viability. There may also be greater scope for gene therapy when the growth factor(s) has been isolated, purified, sequenced and cloned.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Anti-inflammatory activity of hamamelis distillate applied topically to the skin. Influence of vehicle and dose.

The anti-inflammatory activity of hamamelis distillate has been evaluated with respect to drug concentration (0.64 mg/2.56 mg hamamelis ketone/100 g) and the effect of the vehicle (O/W emulsion with/without phosphatidylcholine (PC) in an experimental study. The effects were compared with those of chamomile cream, hydrocortisone 1% cream and 4 base preparations. Erythema was induced by UV irradiation and cellophane tape stripping of the horny layer in 24 healthy subjects per test. Skin blanching was quantified by visual scoring and chromametry. Drug effects were compared with one another and with an untreated control area, as well as with any action due to the vehicle. UV-induced erythema at 24 h was suppressed by low dose hamamelis PC-cream and hydrocortisone cream. Hydrocortisone appeared superior to both hamamelis vehicles, hamamelis cream (without PC) and chamomile cream. The latter preparation was also less potent than hamamelis PC-cream. Erythema 4 to 8 h after the stripping of the horny layer was suppressed by hydrocortisone (P < or = 0.05). Inflammation was also less pronounced following low dose hamamelis PC-cream and chamomile cream. Hamamelis PC-cream, however, appeared less potent than hydrocortisone. In general, visual scoring was more discriminatory than chromametry. The results have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory activity of hamamelis distillate in a PC-containing vehicle. A fourfold increase of drug concentration, however, did not produce an increase in activity.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1979

Precipitation membranes: III. Reversible changes of membrane properties induced by alterations in ionic concentrations.

The conditioned state of a precipitation membrane with its particular properties exists within a limited range of membrane potentials and requires certain minimum concentrations, Clim, of the generating ions in the adjoining solutions. We investigated these quantities for the BaSO4 cellophane membrane and found Clim to be 10 X 10(-5) N (0.5 X 10(-4) M), equally for Ba++ and SO4--. Beyond these limits, the membrane becomes deconditioned. This transformation is a reversible process provided the limits have not been surpassed too far. The capability for de- and reconditioning is a characteristic and unique property of precipitation membranes, not found in other membrane systems. The phenomenon is explained by the adsorption theory for precipitation membranes. It allows wide modifications and quick variations of the electrical properties and permeability of the membrane in an easy and reversible manner.

Barium Sulfate↗

PubMed1976

Culture of fetal mouse liver in plastic chambers: a new technique for organ culture.

A new technique for organ culture which uses plastic culture chambers and the advantages of the cellophane-sheet technique is described with the results of a study of cultivations of fetal mouse liver. Two chambers, each containing cells, were placed in gas permeable roller tubes and rotated at 0.1 rpm in a CO2-air gassed incubator. The fetal mouse liver cells developed electron microscopic features similar to those of the in vivo adult liver by 9 days of cultivation. The albumin content and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity were detected in the cultivated liver. TAT activity was further induced by prednisolone. These results indicate that potential of this culture method for the study of physiological and pathological processes.

Albumins↗