PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “CEREBRAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Clinicopathologic study of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger type) in the elderly.

A clinicopathologic study was made of 45 elderly persons whose autopsied brains showed the pathologic changes of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger type). Progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (PSVE) was observed in 3.8 per cent of all autopsied brains of elderly persons and in 6.7 per cent of the brains of those with cerebrovascular diseases. White matter lesions were graded from I to III (slight to severe). Small infarcts in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and pons were common, but the cerebral cortex was usually preserved. Neuropsychiatric symptoms included dementia, urinary incontinence, hemiplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, psychosis, parkinsonism, and mutism. In thge Grade III group there was a high incidence of pseudobulbar palsy, parkinsonism, and mutism. Pathologic study showed marked cerebral arteriosclerosis in almost all cases. Angionecrosis was observed in 60 to 80 per cent. Fibrotic and stenotic changes of the blood vessels in the deep white matter were also noted, particularly in 90 per cent of the Grade III cases. A suggested explanation for the pathogenesis of PSVE is based on the effects of various complications such as hypertension, cardiac disease and malnutrition which may play an important role in PSVE when they occur in elderly persons with a history of long-standing hypertension, marked cerebral arteriosclerosis, and arteriolar changes in the cerebral white matter.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Diagnostic value of the cerebrospinal fluid-blood lactate quotient in mental disorders in elderly persons].

The lactate levels of cerebrospinal fluid and blood were measured enzymatically and simultaneously in 40 gero-psychiatric patients. After calculating the fluid-blood-lactate-quotients, two distinct groups emerged, whose mean quotients showed significant difference. In the first group (15 patients) with a mean quotient of 1.06, the diagnosis of cerebral arteriosclerosis was clinically confirmed in only one case. In the second group (21 patients) with a mean quotient of 1.42, however, this occurred sixteen times, which represents a proportion of 2/3. Thus, it appears that a higher quotient suggests the diagnosis of cerebral arteriosclerosis. Further examinations are though necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow and brain volume in healthy subjects.

Using the xenon-133 inhalation method, we studied the age-related decline in regional cerebral blood flow, calculated as the initial slope index (ISI), in neurologically normal subjects without any risk factors for cerebral arteriosclerosis (154 men and 123 women), ranging in age from 19 to 88 years. The decline in the ISI was rapid in younger age groups and gradual in older age groups. The ISI was higher in women than in men older than 40 years. Using computed tomography, we studied the age-related decline in brain volume index (BVI; 100% X brain volume/cranial cavity volume) in neurologically normal subjects without any risk factors for cerebral arteriosclerosis (92 men and 49 women), ranging in age from 37 to 86 years. The decline in the BVI was gradual in younger age groups and rapid in older age groups. The BVI was higher in women than in men older than 60 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Ageing and cerebral vascular sclerosis: myth or reality? (author's transl)].

The most important aspects of normal and pathological brain ageing are considered from a structural, cellular, hemodynamical, chemical and clinical point of view. It seems admitted that cerebral blood flow and cerebral consumption for oxygen decrease with age but when severe health criteria are used to select normal old subjects, no significant differences exist between normal young and optimally healthy elderly. The question arises whether the blood flow reductions are responsible for the alterations in metabolism, or whether it is simply an auto-regulatory response to the lesser metabolic demands of the tissue. The part of cerebral arteriosclerosis is questioned on cerebral flow drop accompanying clinical signs in senile mental impairment. Among some cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension seems to play a leading part in acute and chronic neurological diseases associated with age and with certain types of senile dementia (multi-infarct). However in all other cases, hypertension and cerebral vascular insufficiency, for all that this syndrome exists, seem to have been overestimated to explain chronic senile brain deterioration.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Plasma apolipoproteins in patients with multi-infarct dementia.

We examined 27 elderly patients with multi-infarct dementia developed on the basis of cerebral arteriosclerosis. The levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride in the patients were 177 +/- 48 and 91 +/- 27 mg/dl (mean +/- SD), respectively. Despite normal plasma lipid levels, the patients had significantly higher plasma apo B (102 +/- 30 vs. 82 +/- 21 mg/dl for controls, P less than 0.01) and lower plasma apo A-I levels (104 +/- 25 vs. 130 +/- 22 mg/dl for controls, P less than 0.01) than the controls. Isoelectric focusing of apo E showed a 2-fold higher relative frequency for the epsilon 4 allele in patients than in Japanese controls (20.8 vs. 8.6-11.7% of total, P less than 0.05). The patients with phenotypes of E4/4 (n = 1) and E4/3 (n = 8) had higher plasma cholesterol levels than those with E3/3 (n = 15) (196 +/- 45 vs. 169 +/- 43 mg/dl). The results indicate that the patients had abnormalities in plasma lipoprotein metabolism and this may contribute to the development of cerebral arteriosclerosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Aging and cerebral vascular sclerosis: myth or reality?].

The most important aspects of normal and pathological brain ageing are considered from a structural, cellular, hemodynamical, chemical and clinical point of view. It seems admitted that cerebral blood flow and cerebral consumption for oxygen decrease with age but when severe health criteria are used to select normal old subjects, no significant differences exist between normal young and optimally healthy elderly. The question arises whether the blood flow reductions are responsible for the alterations in metabolism, or whether it is simply an autoregulatory response to the lesser metabolic demands of the tissue. The part of cerebral arteriosclerosis is questioned on cerebral flow drop accompanying clinical signs in senile mental impairment. Among some cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension seems to play a leading part in acute and chronic neurological diseases associated with age and with certain types of senile dementia (multi-infarct). However in all other cases, hypertension and cerebral vascular insufficiency, for all that this syndrome exists, seem to have been overestimated to explain chronic senile brain deterioration.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Cerebral use of a pulsating magnetic field in neuropsychiatry patients with long-term headache].

A pulsed magnetic field (f = 260 Hz; t = 3 ms; induction B = 1.9 mT; gradient = 0.5 mT/cm) was applied at 40 patients with headaches of various etiology. The change of cephalea intensity was evaluated according the patients statements. These statements were further compared with the changes of the EEG. By means of frequency analysis of the EEG significant changes in percentages of delta and alpha 1 activities (7.5-9.5/s) were stated after the application of the real treatment regarding the sham treatment. Any treatment lasted one half hour. The retreat of subjective difficulties as well as the amelioration of EEG were stated accordingly at headaches, which were bounded with cerebral arteriosclerosis, with states after cerebral concussion, with depressive neurosis, or with tension headache. Pulsed magnetic field could be applied only there, where the visual evaluation stated EEG as physiological.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Cerebral sclerosis. Diagnostic criteria and differential diagnostic consideration in practice].

In"cerebral arteriosclerosis" the diffuse sclerotic involvement of the cerebral vessels may produce acute softening of cerebral tissue. However this paper concentrates mainly on the clinical symptomatology which, in the absence of major vascular accidents, is characterized from the psychopathologic viewpoint by acute confusional states, aggressive behaviour, fluctuating loss of memory, disturbances of concentration and finally dementia. The chief neurologic symptoms are motor disturbance with short-stepping gait, stooped position of the body, pseudobulbar symptoms with dysarthric speech and disturbances of swallowing, and increased perioral reflexes. A complete case history and a thorough neurologic and psychopathologic examination are the most important factors in diagnosis, while ancillary methods are of value only for differential diagnosis. Prophylaxis and therapy (cardiotherapy, treatment of diabetes and hypertension, lowering of serum cholesterol and sedation) are discussed. In the differential diagnosis of dementia in the elderly patient consideration should be given to chronic vascular diseases, degenerative cerebral atrophies, brain tumors, low pressure hydrocephalus, progressive paralysis and some other rare brain conditions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind trial of oral papaverine in chronic cerebrovascular ischemia.

A preliminary analysis of the effect of long-term therapy with oral papaverine has been made in 11 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia due to cerebral arteriosclerosis. The cases were classified as remote cerebral infarction (6 patients) or vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency (5 patients). The patients received 225 mg or 450 mg daily, assigned in a double-blind manner. Most showed clinical improvement and improvement on the EEG. There was a statistically significant increase in regional cerebral blood flow in the vertebrobasilar arterial distribution, including the brain stem and cerebellar and posterior cerebral regions, particularly in the right hemisphere. Evidence appears to indicate that zones of severe remote cerebral infarction are refractory to pharmacologically induced vasodilation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Intracranial tumors simulating the presentation of cerebrovascular syndromes. Early detection with cerebral computed tomography (CCT).

One hundred thirty consecutive patients in whom the initial diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease was made on clinical basis were evaluated by cerebral computed tomographic (CCT) scan. Three of 20 patients with transient ischemic attacks were found to have an abnormality on CCT scan. Of 30 patients with an initial diagnosis of stroke-in-evolution, 13 were found to have a clinically unsuspected lesion by CCT scan. Of 60 patients with completed stroke, CCT scan made possible differentiation of intracerebral hematoma, hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic infarction, and excluded intracranial tumors. Of 20 patients believed to have symptoms of cerebral arteriosclerosis, six had nonvascular lesions and eight had a cerebral atrophic process. This study demonstrates the efficacy of this safe and noninvasive procedure in evaluating patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2000

A preliminary investigation of Tanakan in the treatment of hypertensive arteriosclerosis and stroke in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in hypertensive cerebral arteriosclerosis and the incidence of stroke in rats following treatment with Tanakan, a preparation of Ginkgo Biloba (GB). METHODS: Using two-kidney, two clip renovascular hypertensive rats (RHRs) as animal models--we investigated changes in these hypertensive arteriosclerosis-associated factors: A I, A II, ALD, ET, SOD and cGMP. Blood levels were observed after oral administration of GB, at both early and late stages of hypertension. RESULTS: The degree of arteriosclerosis was more severe in both RHRs control and the later treated group than in the early treated group, with blood levels of A I, A II, ALD and ET in the former two groups significantly elevated. The degree of arteriosclerosis in the early treated group decreased and the blood levels of A I, A II, ALD and ET in this group decreased nearly to normal levels. The blood levels of SOD and cGMP were also elevated in the early treated group. CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal that it is important to treat hypertension as soon as possible, in order to reduce the occurrence of stroke.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[So-called presclerosis (developing cerebral ischemia)].

The complaints of 400 patients who were sent by their general practitioners to our hospital are enumerated in table 1 according to thier frequency (33 items). Three groups of complaints stand out: a) disturbances of memory and concentration b) nervousness - inward restlessness - increased irritability c) fatigue - decrease of performance. In the earlier literature similar syndromes were described as signs of the diminution of cerebral performance. If they appeared in old persons they were considered as an expression of a (physio-logical?) decrease of neurons. In middle-aged men the same syndrome was considered as sign of a premature cerebral arteriosclerosis. Recent investigations have shown that a decrease of cerebral performance is often due to a degenerative process of Alzheimer's type. In many cases it is difficult to decide concerning which of the three basic processes we have to take into consideration if a diminution in cerebral performance occurs. Presented are: Cues for diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome often seen in general practice today.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Ischemia-induced slowly progressive neuronal damage in the rat brain.

Ischemic neuronal damage has been believed to make rapid progress in the course of a few days even in delayed selective neuronal death, to say nothing of acute brain necrosis. In the present study, however, we demonstrate for the first time a new type of ischemia-induced neuronal damage which progresses in the course of several weeks or a few months and we tentatively call this process "slowly progressive neuronal damage". We have focused on the chronological changes of neuronal damage in the dorsolateral striatum and neocortex following various durations of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, which does not cause cerebral infarction and is clinically designated "transient ischemic attack". In the rats subjected to 15 min middle cerebral artery occlusion, the neocortex and lateral striatum were rarely damaged, whereas the small to medium-sized neurons only in the narrow area restricted to the dorsal striatum showed slowly progressive neuronal damage. Prolongation of ischemic duration to 30 min accelerated the evolution of neuronal damage in the dorsolateral striatum and also extended the distribution of neuronal damage to the neocortex, especially to layer III and more superficial layers. Further prolongation of ischemic duration to 45 min resulted in more rapid progress of selective neuronal death in those areas described above, whereas no animal escaped 60 min ischemia, without acute total tissue necrosis in the middle cerebral artery territory. Ischemia-induced slowly progressive neuronal damage may be implicated in the pathogenesis of such slowly progressive neurologic deterioration as dementia or Parkinsonism in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Research on thixotropic properties of whole blood in patients with ischemic stroke and its high risk].

So far, few papers on alteration of thixotropic properties of blood from patients with cerebrovascular disease have been found. We measured the thixotropic parameters of blood from 92 patients suffering from cerebrovascular diseases. These patients were divided into five groups. Group I consisted of 14 male patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis (CA) (aged 61.7 +/- 8.2 years) and Group II, 12 male patients with transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA) (64.4 +/- 7.8 years). All of patients in groups III (22 male old patients, 66.6 +/- 5.1 years), IV (24 male middle-aged patients 53.7 +/- 2.8 years), and V (20 female patients 58.4 +/- 13.8 years) were suffering from cerebral thrombosis. These 92 patients and 92 selected healthy subjects were pair matched in sex and age. Using paired t-test, we compared their thixotropic parameters. The results showed that the yield stress (tau 0), the equilibrium value of the structural parameter (A), the apparent viscosity at 2.37 s-1 (eta s), and non-Newtonian contribution of viscosity (eta s-mu) in groups I, II and III were significantly higher than those in the corresponding control groups. The values of tau 0, A, eta s, (eta s-mu) and eta p of blood in group V were higher than those in the control group; only the values of tau 0, eta p, (eta s-mu) of blood in group IV were higher than those in the control group. No significant difference in the thixotropic parameters was noted among groups I, II and III. The results suggest that the patients with cerebrovascular diseases had evidently increased number and degree of RBC aggregation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗