Using a strengths approach to understand resilience and build health capacity in families.
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Adaptation, Psychological↗
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Results for “Capacity Building”
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Prologue to "Rehabilitation Medicine Summit: Building Research Capacity--executive summary".
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Congresses as Topic↗
Learning together: a Canada-Cuba research collaboration to improve the sustainable management of environmental health risks.
OBJECTIVE: To build a national Cuban capacity for training environmental health professionals directly linked to the needs of policy-makers and communities. PARTICIPANTS: The University of Manitoba and University of British Columbia collaborated with an established training centre in Cuba (the Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Epidemiologia--INHEM) and new centres in the Central (Santa Clara) and Eastern (Santiago) regions of the country. SETTING: Cuba. INTERVENTION: In the mid-1990s, a comprehensive curriculum (masters and diploma programs) was collaboratively developed, applying interactive teaching methods, and was delivered through a series of workshops and other interactions in Cuba, and short-term visits to Canada by Cuban PhD students. OUTCOMES: The collaboration was successful in fulfilling capacity-building targets (over 50 Masters graduates, 467 Diploma graduates, over 30 trained core faculty in all regional centres as well as new curriculum and new accredited regional programs). Alongside this, a number of collaborative community-based research projects were undertaken in all three regions (drinking water in Santiago; housing and urban renewal, and dengue control in Havana; and tourism-related effects, and effective intersectoral management of population health determinants in Santa Clara). CONCLUSION: The collaboration led to adopting new strategies for challenges such as a dengue epidemic in 2002, and new research on the effectiveness of intersectoral management of risks of particular interest to both Cuban and Canadian policy-makers. It triggered an ambitious collaboration between the Canadian-Cuban team and colleagues in Ecuador in order to build a similar national network there, built on South-South and North-South links.
Canada↗
Building community capacity for health promotion in a Hispanic community.
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Aged↗
[Hygiene of the air in high-capacity public buildings].
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Air Pollutants↗
Effective MCH epidemiology in state health agencies: lessons from an evaluation of the Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology Program (MCHEP).
OBJECTIVES: The Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology Program (MCHEP), jointly sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), was evaluated in 1996-1997. As part of this evaluation, an effort was undertaken to identify components of effective MCH epidemiology, to examine their prevalence across participating states, and to assess differences with respect to these components between MCHEP and non-MCHEP states. METHODS: A case-study evaluation was undertaken in which nine states (five MCHEP and four non-MCHEP) rated themselves on a benchmark questionnaire and participated in interviews conducted during site visits. At the completion of the evaluation, 16 components of effective MCH epidemiology in state health agencies were identified. The nine states were rated by the evaluation team on each component. Ratings across all states and between MCHEP and non-MCHEP states were compared. RESULTS: There was a great deal of variability among the nine states with respect to the presence of the components of effective MCH epidemiology. Components on which the states appeared weakest overall were the presence of adequately trained personnel, the presence of adequate management information systems to support MCH programs, and whether the state health agency's epidemiologic unit understands the MCH planning cycle. States with an MCHEP assignee had a higher overall mean score than non-MCHEP states across all components. There were seven components on which the two groups of states differed. These include whether the MCH director is empowered in the state health agency, whether the state health agency has identified internal epidemiologic capacity building as a priority, and whether analytic leadership is available for MCH epidemiologic activities. CONCLUSIONS: Building and maintaining MCH epidemiologic capacity in state health agencies requires attention to a variety of factors. While the presence of an MCH epidemiologist is important, this is only one of many components that must be considered as both the federal and state governments seek to promote and institutionalize effective MCH epidemiology in state health agencies.
Benchmarking↗
Measuring rehabilitation research capacity: report from the AAPM&R Research Advisory Committee.
There is considerable concern regarding the paucity of individuals pursuing biomedical research in general and rehabilitation research in particular. The Research Advisory Committee (RAC) of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) accepted the task to explore the barriers to biomedical research careers for physicians and rehabilitation scientists and, in particular, those factors pertaining to successfully conducting rehabilitation research. Concurrently, the Foundation for PM&R was also exploring the related issue of building capacity for rehabilitation research and planning a Rehabilitation Research Summit to address this issue for the spring of 2005. The goals of the Research Summit included the identification of barriers to rehabilitation research and development of an active agenda to enhance research capacity. As such, AAPM&R and the Foundation for PM&R worked through the RAC survey to provide some key information that would help the summit leaders achieve their goals. This report presents portions of the survey related to research capacity and outlines the methodology of the data collection and analysis within the context of the capacity taxonomy framework as presented at the Research Summit, "Building Research Capacity," held in the spring of 2005. This survey report provides quantitative information about researchers and academicians, their research environment, as well as their barriers and incentives for conducting rehabilitation research. Observations here provide a platform for future work in understanding the adequacy of the rehabilitation research enterprise, its appropriateness, and ability to meet societal needs for those with disabilities.
Academies and Institutes↗
Local capacity for groundwater protection in Ontario.
Preventing groundwater contamination is vastly cheaper than remediation. Recognizing this, attention in water and land management agencies in North America increasingly turn to groundwater protection. Local agencies, such as municipalities and watershed management districts, are vital to successful groundwater protection, but they face daunting challenges. In the United States, senior governments have recognized these challenges and provide considerable support for local agencies. In Ontario, Canada, local agencies are, to a much greater extent, on their own. The aims in this paper are to analyze factors that shape local capacity for groundwater protection, focusing on Ontario, and to recommend avenues for capacity building. Interrelationships among five dimensions of capacity (technical, financial, institutional, social, and political) are explored through an analysis of three smaller Ontario communities: City of Guelph (population 93,400), Town of Orangeville (population 22,188), and Town of Erin (population 11,000). Size clearly influences capacity for groundwater protection. However, other considerations unrelated to size appear to be as important. These other factors include the ability to form horizontal and vertical linkages with external agencies, political leadership and commitment, and citizen involvement. Thus, smaller communities in Ontario (and other jurisdictions with limited senior government support) would do well to focus on these areas at the same time as they develop their technical, financial, and institutional capacity.
Industry↗
R&P: the multiple meaning of a research project in general practice.
Rischio e Prevenzione (Risk and Prevention) is a research project that is becoming the paradigm of the Italian research on General Practice. It started from a survey showing that treatment and control of cardiovascular risk is still far from optimal even in very high-risk patients. A group of general practitioners, coordinated by Istituto Mario Negri, wrote the protocol of the study with various proposals: Creating a research network. Building research infrastructure with good research capacity. Building a 'therapeutic alliance' with the patient while presenting the research, not only obtaining their signature for a 'bureaucratic' informed consent. Having the 'Collaborative Group' as the 'sponsor' of a research even if the funds are coming from Pharmaceutical Industry. It is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) carried out in primary care with the normal patient of our daily work, so transferability is very possible. The way to enroll the patients and the request to specify the reason for not joining the project of the outcome study are a kind of participatory research. The outcome study can become a model for implementing new strategy on cardiovascular risk. A specific questionnaire will enquire the different point of view of the patient and of the general practitioner/researcher. The result of this project will help us understand the phenomenon of the poor compliance of the high-risk patients. First results during enrollment allow some optimism.
Cardiovascular Diseases↗
Building Native Hawaiian capacity in cancer research and programming. A legacy of 'Imi Hale.
In 2000, cancer health indicators for Native Hawaiians were worse than those of other ethnic groups in Hawai'i, and Native Hawaiians were under-represented in research endeavors. To build capacity to reduce cancer health disparities, 'Imi Hale applied principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) and empowerment theory. Strategies included: 1) engaging Native Hawaiians in defining cancer priorities; 2) developing culturally appropriate processes and products; 3) supplementing primary and secondary cancer prevention activities; 4) offering skills training and technical assistance; and 5) providing an infrastructure to support culturally appropriate research. Between 2000 and 2005, 'Imi Hale involved more than 8000 Native Hawaiians in education, training, and primary and secondary prevention activities; developed 24 culturally tailored educational products (brochures, curricula, and self-help kits); secured $1.1 million in additional program and research funds; trained 98 indigenous researchers, 79 of whom worked on research projects; and engaged more than 3000 other Native Hawaiians as research participants and advisors. Evidence of empowerment was seen in increased individual competence, enhanced community capacity and participation, reduced barriers, and improved supports to address cancer in Hawaiian communities. Operationalizing CBPR and empowerment requires a commitment to involving as many people as possible, addressing community priorities, following cultural protocol, developing and transferring skills, and supporting an infrastructure to reduce barriers and build supports to sustain change. This approach is time consuming, but necessary for building competence and capacity, especially in indigenous and minority communities. Cancer 2006. (c) 2006 American Cancer Society.
Biomedical Research↗
Implementation of malaria control.
Global trends of infant and child mortality have decreased over the last 30 years, while the proportion of malaria deaths has progressively increased due to the deteriorating situation in sub-Saharan Africa. The Global Malaria Control Strategy promoted by WHO has encountered several obstacles to its implementation. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can reduce malaria mortality, but there is still low investment on safe and effective modalities of care delivery at the periphery, where most of the malaria burden exists. Selective vector control (indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets) plays a significant role outside Africa, but its wider use is limited by cost/affordability problems and operational issues (supply, delivery and logistics). Alternative methods such as environmental management and biological control are cost-effective only under very specific epidemiological situations. In most countries forecasting, early detection and containment of malaria epidemics is deficient, and there is separation between the research and control communities, particularly in Africa. Involvement of the internal agencies, strategic investments in capacity building and institutional networking are needed to strengthen capacity for malaria and research in the countries. The major responsibility is to guide the expenditure made by the communities (which far out-weigh the limited share of national health budgets) towards the most cost-effective approaches to reduce malaria mortality and morbidity.
Child, Preschool↗
Injury prevention and control: National Action Plan for NCD Prevention, Control and Health Promotion in Pakistan.
The National Action Plan for Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Control and Health Promotion in Pakistan (NAP-NCD) incorporates prevention of injuries into a comprehensive NCD prevention effort. This encompasses the prevention of road traffic crashes (RTC)s, occupational injuries, falls, burns and other injuries. In this programme, surveillance of injuries--as part of comprehensive population-based NCD surveillance system, supplemented by multiple data sources--has been stipulated as an entry point, to injury prevention and control efforts. Actions areas for preventing RTCs include interventions to improve road safety education, identification and implementation of safety measures for traffic black-spots, enforcement of seatbelt and helmet laws and the development and implementation of highway ordinances. Recommendations have also been made to establish a road safety committee and to facilitate inter-sectoral action. It has also been deemed essential to enact and enforce legislation on locally manufactured vehicles, regulate drivers' training and licensing and evaluation of Highway Police Force from a performance and fiscal perspective. To prevent worksite injuries, a national consensus has been achieved to develop a comprehensive policy and to enact and enforce legislation for occupational health and safety; to include preventive health in the mandate of organizations dealing with worksite safety and to study patterns of occupational injuries and their determinants with a view to defining precise targets for preventive interventions. In addition NAP-NCD makes a strong case for the establishment of a National Safety Commission, the development of product safety standards for household usage, enforcement of legislation on building safety, and efforts to improve trauma care to the extent that a credible, cost-effective analysis suggests. It also calls for the need to formally evaluate interventions to reduce all forms of violence in Pakistan. Building capacity in the health system for injury prevention and building partnerships for sustainable outcomes in injury prevention have also been defined as priority areas.
Accidental Falls↗
Community capacity for adaptation to climate-induced water shortages: linking institutional complexity and local actors.
There is growing concern for the capacity of urban and rural communities to manage current water shortages and to prepare for shortages that may accompany predicted changes in climate. In this paper, concepts relating to the notion of climate adaptation and particularly "capacity building" are used to elucidate several determinants of community-level capacity for water management. These concepts and criteria are then used to interpret empirically derived insights relating to local management of water shortages in Ontario, Canada. General determinants of water-related community capacity relate to upper tier political and institutional arrangements; the characteristics of, and relationships among, pertinent agencies, groups, or individuals involved in water management; and the adequacy of financial, human, information, and technical resources. The case analysis illustrates how general factors play out in local experience. The findings point to geographically specific factors that influence the effectiveness of management. Key factors include collaboration between water managers, clarification of agency roles and responsibilities, integration of water management and land-use planning, and recognition and participation of both urban and rural stakeholders, whose sensitivities to water shortages are spatially and temporally variable.
Climate↗
Defining and operationalizing capacity for heart health promotion in Nova Scotia, Canada.
This paper presents an operational definition of capacity building for heart health promotion, instruments developed to measure heart health capacity, and baseline results of capacity for 20 organizations. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to collect data. Three instruments were developed to measure organizational capacity for heart health promotion: a survey of community agencies involved in heart health, a questionnaire of organizational practices supportive of heart health promotion, and an interview guide that focused on factors influencing heart health promotion. These instruments proved effective and informed the development of a comprehensive framework for heart health promotion.
Cardiovascular Diseases↗
Rehabilitation Medicine Summit: Building Research Capacity-Executive Summary.
The general objective of the "Rehabilitation Medicine Summit: Building Research Capacity" was to advance and promote research in medical rehabilitation by making recommendations to expand research capacity. The five elements of research capacity that guided the discussions were (1) researchers; (2) research culture, environment, and infrastructure; (3) funding; (4) partnerships; and (5) metrics. The 100 participants included representatives of professional organizations, consumer groups, academic departments, researchers, governmental funding agencies, and the private sector. The small group discussions and plenary sessions generated an array of problems, possible solutions, and recommended actions. A post-Summit, multiorganizational initiative is called to pursue the agendas outlined in this report.
Biomedical Research↗
The National Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases and Health Promotion in Pakistan--Cardiovascular diseases.
The National Action Plan for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Control and Health Promotion in Pakistan (NAP-NCD) incorporates prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as part of a comprehensive and integrated non-communicable Disease (NCD) prevention effort. In this programme, surveillance of cardiovascular risk factors is part of an integrated population-based NCD surveillance system. The population approach to CVD prevention is a priority area in this programme with a focus on broad policy measures and behavioural change communication. The former include revision of the current policy on diet and nutrition to expand its focus on under-nutrition; the development of a physical activity policy; strategies to limit the production of, and access to, ghee as a medium for cooking and agricultural and fiscal policies that increase the demand for, and make healthy food more accessible. The programme focuses attention on improving the quality of prevention programmes within primary and basic health sites and integrates concerted primary and secondary prevention programmes into health services as part of a comprehensive and sustainable, scientifically valid, and resource-sensitive programme for all categories of healthcare providers. It promotes screening for raised blood pressure at the population level and screening for dyslipidaemia and diabetes in high-risk groups only. It highlights the need to ensure the availability of aspirin, beta blockers, thiazides, ACE inhibitors, statins and penicillin at all levels of healthcare. The programme points out the need to conduct clinical end-point trials in the native Pakistani setting to define cost-effective therapeutic strategies for primary and secondary prevention of CVDs. Emphasis is laid on building capacity of health systems in support of CVD prevention and control and building a coalition or network of organizations to add momentum to CVD prevention and control efforts.
Cardiovascular Diseases↗
Developing an innovative undergraduate curriculum--responding to the 2002 National Review of Nursing Education in Australia.
The Australian government responded to the recent global critical shortage of registered nurses by initiating a national review into nursing education. The 36 recommendatons of the review report published in 2002 supported one or more of three strategies: building a sustainable workforce throuh partnership; maximising health outcomes through quaality education; and capacity building. The review drew extensively on the international research literature, invited submissions, previous reviews and commissioned research. This paper articulates the key features of a new innovative undergraduate nursing curriculum that incorporates several of the recommendations of the national review, specifically a new approach in delivery of the clinical component of the curriculum. The curriculum model emerged from a strategically planned partnership between a university and heath care providers committed to improving graduate outcomes and transition into professional practice. The curriculum was implemented in 2004 in a Faculty of Health Sciences that had not previously offered nursing programs. It is anticipated that the newly implemented undergraduate nursing program, modelled on a clinical schools partnership approach, will graduate registered nurses able to face the challenges of a rapidly changing health sector. The objective of this paper is to describe the key features of the program and share new insights that might challenge traditional curriculum approaches in undergraduate nursing.
Australia↗
Bioethics in Sri Lanka.
Bioethics took off slowly in Sri Lanka, but now there are ethics review committees in many medical schools and national organizations. All medical schools teach some medical ethics but there are not enough trained teachers. There are no national guidelines on research ethics. The Forum for Research and Development was formed with the aim of building a new ethical research culture. The bioethics initiative includes: awareness-raising; education activities and capacity building; advocacy; and the development of policy guidelines. We aim to raise awareness in the scientific community and the general public on ethical, legal and social principles guiding the responsible conduct of research.
Bioethics↗