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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Influences on participation rate in a national Norwegian child development screening questionnaire study.

AIM: To describe the influence of demographic variables on participation rate in a child development screening questionnaire study, and to discuss the implications for data analysis and for the design of future similar studies. METHODS: Appropriate Ages and Stages Questionnaires were mailed to 2392 mothers of children aged 4-60 mo. The bivariate and multivariate influence of demographic variables on responding was investigated. RESULTS: The response rate decreased roughly linearly with the age of the child (ranging from 76% at 8 mo to 32% at 60 mo). Mother's educational level, civil status and (marginally) child's gender also contributed independently to the prediction of response. CONCLUSION: Participation rate may be interpreted in terms of interest/saliency and time demands, if a mother's interest in her baby's normative development is assumed to be great, though decreasing as the child grows. Weighting for demographic variables seems to be a viable procedure in the present project; future studies may consider measures to increase the immediacy of questionnaire completion for mothers of children aged 3 y and older.

Child↗
PubMed2003

The impact of institutionalization on child development.

During the past 10 years researchers studying children adopted from Romanian orphanages have had the opportunity to revisit developmental questions regarding the impact of early deprivation on child development. In the present paper the effects of deprivation are examined by reviewing both the early and more recent literature on studies of children who spent the first few years of life in institutions. Special attention is given to the Canadian study of Romanian adoptees in which the author has been involved. Findings across time and studies are consistent in showing the negative impact of institutionalization on all aspects of children's development (intellectual, physical, behavioral, and social emotional). Results of studies show, however, that institutionalization, although a risk factor for less optimal development, does not doom a child to psychopathology. However, the impact of institutionalization is greater when coupled with risk factors in the postinstitutional environment. Methodological and conceptual difficulties in research with institutionalized samples of children are discussed and future directions for research are considered.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on long-term physical and cognitive parameters of child development.

The negative impact of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on the growth and development of the foetus has been well documented. However, the long-term effects of the subsequent cognitive and physical development of the child are less clearly understood. This article presents a critical review of the literature on this topic. The review shows that the effects of prenatal exposure to smoking on children's physical development are mediated by a dose-response relationship. Although the observed effects are long term, they are small and may have no major functional importance. The evidence on the long-term consequences of intellectual function is still unclear. One reason is that very few studies have looked at the long-term consequences of maternal smoking on both physical and cognitive development. More effort is needed to investigate this important issue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Marital disharmony of the parents and child development in infancy and early childhood].

As part of a prospective study currently being conducted in the Mannheim-Heidelberg region of Germany on the neuropsychiatric development of 362 children born at varying degrees of organic and psychosocial risk, the effect of marital discord on the cognitive and social-emotional development of 315 children born into two-parent households was investigated. Both the children and the quality of the parental relationship were evaluated when the children were 3 months and two-years of age. Assessment of the children included performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, observed and reported temperament characteristics and measures of infant and child psychopathology. Evaluation of the relationship was based on pertinent information provided by the parents about their marriage within a standardized interviews as well as on the basis of a questionnaire. Results show that marital discord at 3 months does not effect child performance at 3 months, nor at 24 months. Marital discord at 2 years does affect the emotional well-being of the two-year-old i.e. is accompanied by a significant rise in psychopathological symptoms. When the effect of the stability of marital strife from the first assessment to the second was studied a significant increase in behavior problems and decrease in Bayley performance was found in the group of children whose parents' marital situation had deteriorated and failed in the meantime but surprisingly not in the group with chronic discordant relationships. Conversely, poor child performance and emotional adjustment improved with a positive change in the parental relationships. An increase, although not significant, was also found among the children whose parents' marriage had deteriorated but had not lead to separation.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1993

Concurrent validity of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory with high-risk infants.

Investigated the validity and clinical utility of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory (MCDI) as a developmental screening instrument with a sample of 280 premature infants identified as medically and socioeconomically high risk for developmental delays. Correlational analyses demonstrated significant correlations between the MCDI scales and the criterion Bayley Mental Age Equivalent score. Results of a moderator multiple regression analysis indicated that parent and child characteristics have a statistically significant "moderating" influence on the validity of the MCDI although the clinical significance of this finding may be minimal. A prediction-performance matrix analysis revealed a high degree of classification specificity (92%) but a relatively low sensitivity rating (56%). Findings suggest that the MCDI is a valid and useful screening instrument for high-risk infants but should be used diagnostically only in conjunction with other measures.

Adolescent↗