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In this study, Y chromosome variability was analyzed in 58 male patients with malignant tumors and 55 healthy male controls. No difference in the size of Y chromosome was established between the two groups studied, but a statistically significant difference in the length of euchromatic and heterochromatic segments was found. A significantly greater length of heterochromatic segments was established in the patients compared with the control group (p less than 0.02). The length of the euchromatic segment was shorter in the patients than in the controls (p less than 0.02).
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This study compared the stereognathic ability of two groups of subjects. One group comprised 35 myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) subjects and the other, 30 control non-MPDS subjects. Thirteen different acrylic resin shapes were used for oral and manual identification. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in the accuracy of identification, time for identification and their ratio. The results indicate no difference in stereognathic ability between the MPDS and the control group.
BACKGROUND: Airway wall thickening has been observed in post mortem studies of patients with asthma. Assessment of airway wall thickening by high resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scanning has been reported in experimental studies. We have used HRCT scanning to measure airway wall thickness at the segmental and subsegmental levels in 40 patients with asthma and 14 normal controls. METHODS: The subjects were prospectively divided into four age and sex matched groups: 14 patients with a history of near fatal attack of asthma (NFA; group 1), 12 patients with moderate asthma (group 2), 13 patients with mild asthma (group 3), and 14 normal controls (group 4). All subjects were non-smokers. High resolution (1 mm collimation) CT scans of the chest were done at five different levels. RESULTS: The mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 68 (20)% of predicted for group 1, 73 (12)% for group 2, 102 (12)% for group 3, and 103 (12)% for group 4. The ratio of airway wall thickness to outer diameter (T/D) and the percentage wall area (WA%) defined as (wall area/total airway area) x 100 were used to compare airway wall thickness between the groups. The mean (SD) T/D and WA% were 0.27 (0.05) and 78.0 (9.2)% for group 1, 0.27 (0.05) and 78.8 (9.2)% for group 2, 0.25 (0.04) and 74.2 (7.5)% for group 3, and 0.23 (0.04) and 70.9 (8.2)% for group 4. T/D and WA% were not significantly different between groups 1 and 2. However, both groups 1 and 2 had higher T/D and WA% than either group 3 or 4 (p < 0.001) and group 3 had a higher T/D and WA% than group 4 (p < 0.03). The differences (95% CI) between the groups in WA% were 7.1% (0 to 14.4) for groups 1 and 4, 3.8% (-3.4 to 10) for groups 1 and 3, and 3.3% (-4.4 to 10) for groups 3 and 4. The differences between the groups in T/D and WA% were noted both for those with airways with a luminal diameter of > 2 mm and those with a luminal diameter of < or = 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS: All the patient groups had greater airway wall thickening than the normal subjects as assessed by HRCT scanning, but patients with more severe asthma had greater airway wall thickening than those with mild asthma. The methodology described in this study may be useful in assessing airway calibre in early intervention studies with anti-inflammatory therapy.
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BACKGROUND: Down's Syndrome is the most frequent chromosomal aberration. There is a wide variety of symptoms. From an ophthalmological point of view, numerous alterations associated with Down's Syndrome have been described. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have carried out a complete ophthalmic exploration on 60 children with Down's Syndrome and 60 control children. RESULTS: The first group showed a high percentage of refraction errors (90%), nystagmus (28%), strabismus (48%) and cataracts (13%). If we compare these results with those of the control group we find that the Down's group has a frequency significantly higher both in refraction errors as a whole (p < 0.001) and myopia (p < 0.01), hypermetropia (p < 0.02) and stigmatism (p < 0.001). They have also shown a frequency significantly higher of strabismus (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: All of the observed alterations can have a negative influence on the appropriate educational development of these children. An early ophthalmological exploration would be advisable in children with Down's Syndrome.
Validity of the standard, 13 subtest A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY) was investigated by comparing scores for 30 children with neurological conditions, 35 children with scholastic concerns, and 39 controls. Overall differences were found among the groups with and without controlling for IQ (Lambda = .60, Lambda = .001; Lambda = .70, P < .001). Four of five NEPSY domain scores differed among the three groups. Language and Sensorimotor domain score differences were found even when IQ was controlled, and group status accounted for substantial variance in these domain scores. Regarding specific tasks, Phonological Processing and Fingertip Tapping were among the subtests that varied the most between groups, especially when children with scholastic concerns were compared with controls. Findings offer preliminary support for the validity of several NEPSY indexes.
Electrocardiographic differentiation between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and myocardial infarction (MI) is often difficult because both diagnoses are based primarily on QRS changes on the electrocardiogram (ECG). The specific goal of this study was the development of ECG criteria that could be used with the complete Selvester QRS scoring system for MI size in patients with LVH. A study population of 127 patients had significant aortic valve disease verified by cardiac catheterization. Inclusion in the study required no significant coronary artery disease, no focal contraction abnormality on the left ventriculogram, and no documented MI. Quantitative criteria for LVH developed by Bonner (IBM) and also those developed by the Cornell group were used to determine the ECG evidence for LVH in each patient. One or both sets of criteria were met in 110 (87%) of the 127 patients. This group was compared to a previously evaluated control population of 500 normal subjects. The complete 54-criteria, 32-point QRS MI size scoring system was applied to the 12-lead ECG of both groups. The score was 98% specific in the normal controls and 73% specific in the LVH group using a score of greater than 3 points as diagnostic for MI. Of the 54 individual QRS criteria, 16 failed to achieve 95% specificity in the LVH population: 13 were for anterior (and apical), 2 for inferior, and 1 for posterior locations. Of these 16, minor modifications to 11 were sufficient to achieve the 95% specificity standard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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