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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

PACS databases and enrichment of the folder manager concept.

Current challenges facing picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) center around database design and functionality. Workflow issues and folder manager concepts such as autorouting, prefetching, hanging protocols, and hierarchical storage management are driven by a properly designed database that ultimately directly impacts the clinical utility of a PACS. The key issues in PACS database design that enable radiologist-friendly, cost-effective, and data-secure systems will be discussed, including database difficulties of the DICOM standard, HIS/RIS/PACS (hospital information system/radiology information system) connectivity, and database issues in data acquisition, data dissemination, and data display.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Playing by the numbers: how collecting outcomes data changed by life.

The Northern New England Cardiovascular Study Group has been using clinical epidemiology to analyze outcomes data in patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures to answer three questions: (1) for the surgeon: how am I doing?, (2) for the patient: what are my chances?, and (3) for society: can outcomes data be voluntarily collected and organized in a way to improve care delivery? The Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center cardiac surgery program has combined this regional outcomes data with the internal development of critical pathways; with evaluations of patient expectations, patient satisfaction, and patient functional health; and with innovative techniques of data display in an effort to improve the cardiac surgical outcomes in patients at the center. The length of stay has declined, and both the mortality rate and readmission rate have remained stable.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1979

Is immunochemical determination of haptoglobin phenotype dependent?

Immunochemical methods have been used to determine the concentration of haptoglobins. The dependence on the phenotype was tested with highly purified Hp 2-1, Hp 2-2 and Hp 1-1, by immunonephelometry and radial immunodiffusion (RID). Measurements with three different instruments: automated immunonephelometer (AIP, Technicon), laser nephelometer (LN, Behring) and immunochemistry system (ICS, Beckman) were performed. For each type of apparatus antisera against a pool of haptoglobins were provided by the respective manufacturers. Some experiments were done with an antiserum to the haptoglobin heavy chain prepared in the laboratory. This study shows that haptoglobin determination depends neither on the physical geometry of the instruments or on the type of antiserum used in this work. In contrast, the data display a dependence on haptoglobin phenotype. When Hp 2-1, the most common phenotype, is taken as a standard, thd values obtained for Hp 2-2 are in good agreement with those obtained for Hp 2-1. However, the values obtained for Hp 1-1 are overestimated unless they are corrected by an experimental factor which has been determined in this study.

Haptoglobins↗
PubMed1996

Computer assisted interpretation of laboratory test data with 'MDI-LabLink'.

Physicians have to confront an enormous output of laboratory data. Normally, only a few experts manually perform the interpretation of highly specialised laboratory tests. PC Windows based 'MDI-LabLink' automates interpretation and expands traditional rule-based expert systems with flexibility and graphic illustrations of complex laboratory data. The laboratory can adjust the interpretation database to its specific needs, maintaining full control over program output. The structured input that 'MDI-LabLink' requires, supports dynamic test scheduling. It can be used to train personnel in the interpretation of laboratory test results. The program provides the clinician with a report that visualises the defect of the evaluated organ system with bitmap pictures and 3-dimensional graphics. Patient follow-ups present in tabular and graphical form. Changes in the severity of the pathobiochemical defect, induced, for example, by therapy, are monitored automatically. Applications available include interpretations of isoenzyme patterns, diagnosis of urinary proteinuria and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1984

PHARM--an interactive graphic program for individual and population pharmacokinetic parameter estimation.

This paper describes a new computer program PHARM to estimate individual or population pharmacokinetic parameters in nonlinear models. PHARM is an interactive program which uses graphic facilities to display data and results. The structural model can be defined using differential or integrated equations. The user can also define an error model associated with experimental data. The nonlinear mixed effect model is used to estimate the mean population parameters and their interindividual variability. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian criteria are used to estimate simultaneously the error and structural model parameters.

Computers↗
PubMed1993

Using an integrated software package for clinical data analysis on a microcomputer.

An integrated software package was used effectively for entering, organizing and analyzing clinical research data on a microcomputer. Both the database and the spreadsheet components of the package were used in the process. The database component enabled a form to be created for entering the data. The spreadsheet component was used in the organization and analysis of data. Macros were written within the spreadsheet environment for the statistical analysis of data. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how an integrated software like Symphony could offer features beyond simply the use of a spreadsheet for the analysis of research data. Also highlighted are the other useful features of the integrated software that are not directly related to data analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Automated exploration of two-level interrelations of differently-scaled variables.

The SAS macro EXPLORE is conceived as an exploratory data analysis tool. Its output is an extension to the traditional correlation matrix, allowing the assessment of both categorical and numerical data 'at one look'. Depending on the type of data, appropriate statistics and graphs are produced. An overview of the features of the program and their implementation is given. Program invocation and execution are explained. Potential misuses are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

The rodent dominant lethal assay: a proposed format for data presentation that alerts to pseudo-dominant lethal effects.

The rodent dominant lethal (DL) germ cell mutagenicity assay is the primary test for possible human germ cell mutagens. As such, it occupies a critical regulatory position. DL assay data are often difficult to assess because of the quantity of data involved, and because several related assay parameters require to be considered simultaneously. To reduce this difficulty a schematic method of data presentation is proposed and illustrated. This method enables the most pertinent assay data and parameters to be viewed and considered simultaneously. Using this format of data presentation, existing DL studies on cyclophosphamide, methylnitrosourea, diethylhexylphthalate, divinyl sulphone, methyl methanesulphonate, 6-mercaptopurine and ethylenethiourea are re-analysed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A computed tomographic study of the distances between the maxillary sinus floor and the apices of the maxillary posterior teeth.

The mean distance between the apices of the maxillary posterior teeth and the floor of the maxillary sinus was measured from computed tomographic display data from 12 autopsy specimens and 38 human subjects. The distance from these apices to the adjacent lateral bony surfaces was also measured. The apex of the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar was closest to the sinus floor (mean 1.97 mm) but farthest from the buccal bony surface (mean 4.45 mm). The apex of the buccal root of the maxillary first premolar was closest to the adjacent lateral bony surface (mean 1.63 mm) but farthest from the floor of the sinus (mean 7.05 mm).

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1993

Microinjection of galanin into the medial preoptic nucleus facilitates copulatory behavior in the male rat.

The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is an important region for masculine sexual behavior. Because galanin (GAL) immunoreactive cells within the MPOA are affected by the gonadal steroid environment and GAL binding is apparent, GAL was microinjected site specifically in 0, 10, 50, 100, and 500 ng doses in order to determine effects on copulatory behavior. Unilateral microinjection of GAL within the medial preoptic nucleus facilitated copulatory behavior in a dose-responsive fashion, evidenced by an increase in the percentage of males that displayed sexual behaviors and a decrease in mount and intromission latencies. These effects required the presence of gonadal steroids, and were not due to general arousal as measured in open field testing. The techniques of survival analysis were used to display data and for statistical analysis of intromission and mount latencies; these approaches revealed significant effects that were not evident with more commonly used procedures. The results support the suggestion that sexually dimorphic galaninergic cell groups within the MPOA are involved in gonadal steroid-induced masculine sexual behavior.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automated perimetry: background, instruments and methods.

The goal of automated perimetry is to reduce perimetrist involvement and testing time while maintaining standardized test conditions. Proper calibration of the perimeter background luminance and target intensity is important so that results can be compared between examinations and machines. Three testing procedures may be used alone or in combination: kinetic, threshold static and suprathreshold static perimetry. The Octopus and the Perimetron are fully automated perimeters. The former uses threshold static perimetry while the latter uses kinetic and suprathreshold static perimetry. They are operated by small-sized microprocessors using miniature silicone chip circuitry. They are accurately calibrated, fulfilling the specifications deemed necessary by visual psychophysicists. Although data display and plotting problems still exist, automated perimetry is ready for thorough comparisons with Goldmann and Tübinger manual perimetry.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Personal computer-controlled microsurgery of fertilized eggs and early embryos.

The microsurgery of mouse and rat eggs and early embryos was attempted using a micromanipulator driven by three pulse motors. The pulse signals that regulate the three pulse motors for the X, Y, and Z axes were controlled according to the personal computer programs produced on the basis of the displayed data. As a result, the following was found. 1) The computer-controlled operation was possible in the X and Y plane on a specimen previously suctioned and retained by a holding pipet. A microinjection pipet was inserted into the male pronucleus of a fertilized egg and the morula was bisected using a microblade; these microtools were moved horizontally. 2) A more complicated micromanipulation in two dimensions (X and Z axes), which is very difficult manually, was possible by using this system. 3) microsurgery (microinjection of a fluorescent material (FITC) into the male pronucleus, enucleation of a fertilized egg, and vertical or horizontal bisection of morulae) was carried out successfully by a student who had no practical experience in this field. These facts suggest that the system markedly facilitates microsurgery, without need for full training in the manual procedures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Elastic responses to longitudinal torsion of single-strand, rectangular, orthodontic archwire segments.

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to characterize elastic responses of orthodontic archwire segments in longitudinal torsion, to compare experimental results with predictions from structural engineering theory, and to examine the potential interaction between flexural and torsional responses of archwires. METHODS: Passively straight and deflected rectangular wire segments were activated in torsion to states beyond their elastic limits. The wire parameters that were controlled included: the alloy, the cross-sectional size, and the gauge length. The research design included 48 cells and 240 separate tests. From torque-twist plots, values of elastic stiffness, elastic range, and unit elastic range were obtained. Raw experimental data were subjected to analyses of variance and means to a Tukey's post-hoc test. Mean stiffness and elastic range outcomes were compared with theoretical values. RESULTS: Most plots were generally characteristic of Hookean materials. All three wire parameters significantly influenced the three dependent variables; few statistical interactions emerged. Theoretical stiffness values were reasonably comparable to those obtained experimentally; however, the elastic range predictions were conservative. Torsion theory predicts unit elastic ranges independent of gauge length; the experimental data displayed a nonlinear relationship. The minor influences of flexural deformations on the responses of wire segments activated in torsion are suggested as clinically inconsequential. SIGNIFICANCE: Few clinically relevant, controlled studies of archwire torsion have been published. A modified or new formula is needed to predict elastic range magnitudes of archwires in torsion. When flexure and torsion exist in an archwire, it may be possible to separate them to determine overall structural response.

Alloys↗
PubMed1989

Transducers, sensors, and instrumentation in clinical biomechanics.

Successful measurements in any field are dependent on the availability of appropriate transducer materials and the associated instrumentation. In recent years there has been a most welcome advance in both these areas. If we consider first the transducer developments that have recently taken place, these have much to do with the discovery and application of new materials such as electroactive polymers, fibre optic devices and many others. Instrumentation has largely benefitted from the microelectronics revolution. Our ability to process and ultimately display data has improved to a remarkable extent. Indeed, the designer of instrumentation is under enormous pressure to convert the data into the digital domain as early as possible simply because the resulting instrument will usually be easier to design and construct, more accurate, more reliable, smaller and possibly more important still, cheaper. This paper reviews some of these developments, gives a number of examples of applications in the clinical biomechanics area and makes some predictions for future developments.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Use of physiological monitoring in crisis interviewing: intervention in suicidal states.

Use of physiological data displayed on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) monitors can be a valuable adjunct for the consulting psychiatrist interviewing a resistant post ingestion patient. Directing the patient's awareness to his own physiological responses at moments of repressed affect can aid in penetrating dense denial of depression and lead to better empathic contact between interviewer and patient. The equipment is unintrusive because it is part of the ICU environment, attached as standard procedure for management of such patients.

Adult↗