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Results for “Directed Tissue Donation”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Ethical issues in umbilical cord blood banking. Working Group on Ethical Issues in Umbilical Cord Blood Banking.

OBJECTIVE: Banking umbilical cord blood (UCB) to be used as a source of stem cells for transplantation is associated with a set of ethical issues. An examination of these issues is needed to inform public policy and to raise the awareness of prospective parents, clinicians, and investigators. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with expertise in anthropology, blood banking, bone marrow transplantation, ethics, law, obstetrics, pediatrics, and the social sciences were invited to join the Working Group on Ethical Issues in Umbilical Cord Blood Banking. EVIDENCE: Members were assigned topics to present to the Working Group. Following independent reviews, background materials were sent to the Working Group. CONSENSUS PROCESS: Individual presentations of topics at a 2-day meeting were followed by extensive group discussions in which consensus emerged. A writing committee then drafted a document that was circulated to the entire Working Group. After 3 rounds of comments over several months, all but 1 member of the Working Group agreed with the presentation of our conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Umbilical cord blood technology is promising although it has several investigational aspects; (2) during this investigational phase, secure linkage should be maintained of stored UCB to the identity of the donor; (3) UCB banking for autologous use is associated with even greater uncertainty than banking for allogeneic use; (4) marketing practices for UCB banking in the private sector need close attention; (5) more data are needed to ensure that recruitment for banking and use of UCB are equitable; and (6) the process of obtaining informed consent for collection of UCB should begin before labor and delivery.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2003

The tissue donation experience: a comparison of donor and nondonor families.

CONTEXT: Although there has been an increase in studies examining the experiences of organ donor and nondonor families, scant empirical research specifically concerning tissue donation has been conducted. OBJECTIVE: To assess the perceptions and attitudes of both donor and nondonor next of kin to whom a tissue donation request had been directed. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, 2-group analysis of a telephone survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 507 adults who consented to tissue donation and 507 adults who refused consent to tissue donation following the death of a family member. All donation requests were made by telephone by trained staff. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome measures were demographic and contextual information surrounding the donation request, perceptions and attitudes toward tissue donation, and reasons for donation or refusal to donate. RESULTS: Findings suggest that most tissue donor family members were satisfied with the request and donation experience. Also, there were important differences in attitudes and perceptions between donor and nondonor family members, with nondonors reporting more negative attitudes and beliefs about tissue donation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Is directed donation misguided?

The worldwide shortage of organs and tissue for transplant has led to many ethical discussions involving restrictions concerning organ and tissue donation, including living donations and payment for donation. Efforts are being made to increase the donor pool; however, it is timely to ask whether moral decisions such as the rejection of directed donations are defensible. In this Clinical Conundrum, six specialists delve into the ethical and practical issues surrounding directed donation of human organs and tissues with particular reference to its implications in the field of ophthalmology.

Cornea↗
PubMed2004

Tissue donation: ethical guidance and legal enforceability.

The legal and ethical framework regulating the use of tissue donated for medical research in Australia provides clear direction on the appropriate use of donated tissue in many instances. However, this article argues that the current framework may be inadequate to address some of the problems that may arise from misuse of such tissue. It argues that the Human Tissue Acts do not provide a sufficiently broad system of regulation and require updating. It also notes that as much of Australian research practice is regulated through ethics guidelines, which do not have the status of law, in some cases this approach may fail to provide remedies for those whose tissue is used inappropriately.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

Increasing referrals and donations using the Transplant Center Development Model.

Although transplantation centers directly benefit from organ and tissue donation, they continue to yield low organ and tissue referral and donation rates. Our medical center and organ procurement organization developed a model to increase referral and donation rates. This model, called the Transplant Center Development Model, facilitates the donation process, specializes staff education, and promotes administrative involvement. After it was was implemented at our medical center in 1991, the referral and donation rates from 1988 to 1990 were compared with those from 1991 to 1993. The results showed that after implementation of the model, the organ referral mean increased 47%; the organ donation mean, 50%; and the tissue donation mean, 117%. These findings suggest that this model may be a valuable tool in transplant center development.

Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Issues at the end of life. The revised Ethical and Religious Directives discuss suicide, euthanasia, and end-of-life procedures.

Part 5 of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services reminds us that death is necessary for the transition to eternal life. Thus, although Christians have a duty to preserve worldly life, a gift from God, that duty is not absolute. Suicide and euthanasia are never morally acceptable. On the other hand, life-prolonging therapy need not be used if it provides insufficient benefit or imposes an excessive burden. Directive 55 describes the comfort and care that should be given to dying patients. Directives 56 through 59 discuss the ethical norms for either using or forgoing procedures designed to prolong life. Directive 60 repeats the Church's teaching in regard to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS)--that is, whatever the intentions of those who employ them, euthanasia and PAS remain forms of murder. Directive 62 considers the methods used to determine that death has occurred. Directive 66 encourages patients to donate their organs and bodily tissue after death. However, the directive says, Catholic healthcare facilities should not make use of tissue obtained by direct abortions.

Catholicism↗