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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Half-life and metabolism of 3H-folic acid in oral contraceptive treated rats.

Half-life and tissue distribution of injected tritium labelled folate was examined in oral contraceptive (OCA) treated and control rats to elucidate the mechanism by which OCA treated rats show increased urinary excretion as well as tissue levels of folate. Urinary excretion of folate within the first 12 hours of injection was higher but subsequent excretion lower in OCA treated rats. Faecal excretion of folate was also lower in treated rats. Thus, the half-life of the rapid turnover labile pool of folate appears to be reduced, whereas that of the slow turnover stable pool is raised by OCA treatment. Concentration of labelled folate was higher in the liver and kidneys of treated rats but it was not affected in tissues such as intestine, bone and brain. The concentration of soluble folate binders in the kidney was raised by OCA treatment and the activity of dihydrofolate reductase in the liver (a folate binder) also tended to be higher though the difference was not significant. The observation suggest that OCA may alter folate turnover by changing the concentration of folate binders in the tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Androgen excess in cystic acne.

We measured hormone levels in 59 women and 32 men with longstanding cystic acne resistant to conventional therapy. Affected women had higher serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone and lower levels of sex-hormone-binding globulin than controls. Affected men had higher levels of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 17-hydroxyprogesterone and lower levels of sex-hormone-binding globulin than controls. To lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dexamethasone was given to men, and dexamethasone or an oral contraceptive pill, Demulen (or both), was given to women. Of the patients treated for six months, 97 per cent of the women and 81 per cent of the men had resolution or marked improvement in their acne. The dose of dexamethasone required to reduce dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels was low, rarely exceeding the equivalent of 20 mg of hydrocortisone per day. We conclude that most patients with therapeutically resistant cystic acne have androgen excess and that lowering elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate results in improvement or remission of acne in most instances.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1990

Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular risk. Taking a safe course of action.

Although a prospective, longitudinal study on the long-term cardiovascular effects of oral contraceptives has yet to be performed, available data are useful in determining a safe course of action while physicians await definitive answers. Exogenous sex steroids produce important effects on lipid metabolism. Early intervention against cholesterol is important in reducing cardiovascular risk. Current users of high-dose formulations, particularly older women who smoke, are at greatest risk for cardiovascular complications, especially myocardial infarction. Low-dose oral contraceptives have more modest effects on lipid metabolism, but important differences in the potency of progestins remain. Fortunately, recent studies among users of lower-dose oral contraceptive formulations fail to show an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, prudent physicians will avoid oral contraceptives that may adversely affect lipoprotein metabolism, such as those containing progestins with high androgenic and antiestrogenic potency.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1975

Effect of oral contraceptive agents on vitamin nutrition status.

Effects of low estrogen combination type oral contraceptives on some of the biochemical parameters used for assessing vitamin nutritional status were investigated in a group of women who had used the pill for 6 to 12 months. Another group of women was examined initially and then at one or more points of time within the first 6 months of treatment. Following changes were observed in women treated with oral contraceptives: 1) increased excretion of kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid following tryptophan load; 2) increased EGOT activity and also an increase in vitro stimulation of EGOT with added PALP; 3) increased plasma vitamin A levels; 4) fall in erythrocyte folate levels; 5) fall in erythrocyte transketolase activity with no change in vitro stimulation with TPP; and 6) fall in erythrocyte riboflavin concentration associated with a decrease in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity and increase in vitro stimulation with FAD. Most of these changes were observed during the first few cycles of oral contraceptive treatment.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1980

Effects of oral contraceptive agents on copper and zinc balance in young women.

Young adult women were selected from a group of volunteers on the basis of present and past use of oral contraceptive agents. Subjects were either those who had never used oral contraceptives or those who had used an agent for a minimum of two menstrual cycles. All subjects were fed diets that provided 2.02 to 2.11 mg of copper and 9.15 to 9.10 mg of zinc daily in an 18-day controlled metabolic study. Both oral contraceptive users and nonusers were in negative zinc balance and zinc excretion as not different (P > 0.05) for the groups. Oral contraceptives did not alter (P > 0.05) the metabolic balance of copper; the mean copper retention values were -0.16 mg/day for the nonusers and -0.13 mg/day for the users of oral contraceptives. As anticipated from reports in the literature, the plasma copper levels were higher (P < 0.01) in the oral contraceptive group, but the levels of zinc were not different. Although blood levels of zinc and copper are usually changed with the use of oral contraceptives, the retention of the two nutrients appears not to be affected.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Iron stores in users of oral contraceptive agents.

A comparison of serum ferritin and other parameters of iron status was made between 46 women taking oral contraceptive agents (OCAs) for two or more years continuously and 71 women who never took OCAs. The mean serum ferritin level for the OCA users was 39.5 +/- 21.5 ng/ml and the control group mean level was 25.4 +/- 15.96 ng/ml, which is significantly different at p less than 0.001. Serum transferrin, serum iron, TIBC, MCH and MCHC levels were significantly greater for the OCA users group. Significantly lower RBC and hematocrit levels were found for OCA users while other parameters, hemoglobin, MCV and percent transferrin saturation, were not significantly different. No major differences in subject characteristics and dietary traits were evidenced, except a difference in reported menstrual cycle losses and a higher heme iron content in the diet of the OCA users.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Benign breast tumor and estrogenic hormones: a population-based retrospective study.

Histories of the usage of oral contraceptives and other estrogens were obtained from 320 women 20-49 years of age who had pathologically confirmed diagnoses of benign breast disease made at Washington County Hospital in Hagerstown, Maryland, during the period 1968 through 1972. Similar histories were obtained from 320 controls matched for race, sex, age, residence in county, and willingness to participate in a health survey. No association could be found between oral contraceptive usage and benign breast tumor. The use of other estrogens, notably diethylstilbestrol, was significantly related to the presence of benign breast disease.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial central diabetes insipidus: vasopressin and nicotine stimulated neurophysin deficiency with subnormal oxytocin and estrogen stimulated neurophysin.

Five members of a family with dominantly inherited diabetes insipidus were diagnosed and treated with deamino-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), a vasopressin analogue given intranasally. All subjects demonstrated subnormal levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) by radioimmunoassay in response to cigarette smoke inhalation, a standardized nicotine stimulation test. Levels of oxytocin (OT) were found to be normal and unstimulated after cigarette inhalation in two subjects, but when two affected male siblings ingested Ovulen, OT and ESN were stimulated to subnormal levels. After twelve months of DDAVP treatment, the low AVP response to nicotine was preserved whereas the carrier protein, nicotine stimulated neurophysin (NSN) remained undetectable.

Adolescent↗