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PubMed1991

Extender and centrifugation effects on the motility patterns of slow-cooled stallion spermatozoa.

Slow-cooled stallion spermatozoa, with and without seminal plasma removed by centrifugation, were diluted in Kenney's extender (KE) containing nonfat dry skim milk with glucose and antibiotics or in KE supplemented by adding a modified high-potassium Tyrode's medium (KMT). Four ejaculates from each of four stallions were collected and divided factorially across these four treatments. Percentage of motile sperm, path velocity, and linearity immediately after treatment (0 h) and after storage at 4 degrees C for 24, 48, and 72 h were evaluated objectively by use of a HTM-2030 sperm motility analyzer. Stallions were a significant source of variation (P less than .01) throughout. After sperm had cooled, effects of stallion, extender, centrifugation, and their interactions were all found to be significant (P less than .01). The motility at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h for centrifuged KE was 74, 47, 39, and 24%; for uncentrifuged KE was 76, 56, 50, and 37%; for centrifuged KMT was 76, 75, 72, and 64%; and for uncentrifuged KMT was 80, 50, 26, and 13%, respectively. The extender x centrifugation interaction, after 24, 48, and 72 h of storage, accounted for half or more of the variation. Whereas centrifugation of semen extended in KE seemed to be harmful to sperm, motility of sperm extended in KMT after centrifugation was remarkably conserved for 72 h and was superior to all other treatments (P less than .05). This extender is promising for preserving liquid stallion semen when it must be transported before use in artificial insemination.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2004

Extended ceftiofur therapy for treatment of experimentally-induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis in lactating dairy cattle.

Streptococcus uberis is an important cause of mastitis in dairy cows throughout the world, particularly during the dry period, the period around calving, and during early lactation. Strategies for controlling Strep. uberis mastitis are poorly defined and are currently inadequate. Objectives of the present study were to evaluate efficacy of ceftiofur, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, for treatment of experimentally induced Strep. uberis intramammary infections (IMI) in lactating dairy cows during early lactation and to determine whether extended therapy regimens enhanced efficacy of ceftiofur. Efficacy of extended ceftiofur intramammary therapy regimens was investigated in 37 mammary quarters of 23 dairy cows that developed clinical mastitis following experimental infection with Strep. uberis during early lactation. Cows that developed clinical mastitis during the challenge period were allocated randomly to 3 groups representing 3 different ceftiofur treatment regimens: 2-d (n = 7 mammary quarters), 5-d (n = 16 mammary quarters), and 8-d (n = 14 mammary quarters) treatment regimens. For all groups, 125 mg of ceftiofur hydrochloride was administered via intramammary infusion. A bacteriological cure was defined as an experimentally infected quarter that was treated and was bacteriologically negative for the presence of Strep. uberis at 7, 14, 21, and 28 d posttreatment. Percentage of Strep. uberis IMI eliminated was 43, 88, and 100% for the 2-, 5-, and 8-d ceftiofur treatment regimens, respectively. Both the 5- and 8-d ceftiofur extended therapy treatment regimens had significantly higher bacterial cure rates than the standard 2-d ceftiofur treatment regimen. The bacterial cure rate of the 8-d ceftiofur extended therapy group was marginally better (P = 0.052) than the 5-d ceftiofur extended therapy group. Results of this study indicate that ceftiofur therapy was effective for eliminating Strep. uberis experimental IMI, and 5- and 8-d extended ceftiofur therapy regimens were more effective than the standard 2-d treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Are there differences in the effects of long-acting calcium antagonists on ambulatory blood pressure? Extended-release nisoldipine versus amlodipine as a model.

BACKGROUND: Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), which provides important information regarding mean 24 h efficacy, variability of effect during sleeping-awake cycles, and effects on the early morning surge in blood pressure, is a sensitive method for evaluating efficacy of antihypertensive agents. Extended-release nisoldipine and amlodipine are long-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonists used for the treatment of hypertension. Because these agents have different pharmacokinetic profiles, 24 h ABPM could provide clues regarding their different effects on blood pressure. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of extended-release nisoldipine and amlodipine on 24 h ambulatory blood pressure control and heart rate. METHODS: After completion of a 3-4 week placebo run-in period, 100 patients were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with 10-40 mg extended-release nisoldipine or 2.5-10 mg amlodipine for 8 weeks, starting at the lowest dose. Medications were titrated at 2-week intervals on the basis of office blood pressures in seated patients. Twenty-four-hour ABPM was performed at placebo baseline and at the end of double-blind therapy. RESULTS: Extended-release nisoldipine and amlodipine provided equivalent mean 24 h changes in blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure decreases by 9.8/7.1 and 8.0/6.0 mmHg, respectively] and heart rate. These two treatments also provided similar changes in blood pressure at trough (22-24 h after dosing; decreases by 10.4/7.2 and 10.1/7.3 mmHg, respectively). The antihypertensive effects of amlodipine during the awake and sleeping intervals were similar (decreases by 9.6/5.9 and 9.9/5.8 mmHg, respectively, NS); whereas the effect of nisoldipine during the awake interval was significantly greater than its effect during the sleeping interval (decreases by 12.4/8.0 and 8.9/4.3 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.08/0.01). Furthermore, extended-release nisoldipine, but not amlodipine, blunted the rate of rise in early morning SBP. CONCLUSIONS: Extended-release nisoldipine and amlodipine have similar effects on mean 24 h and trough blood pressures. However, different effects during the sleeping and awake intervals and on the rate of rise in early morning SBP were observed with nisoldipine.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Does extended lymphadenectomy influence prognosis of gastric carcinoma after curative resection?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is unclear whether gastric cancer prognosis is improved by extended lymph node dissection more than by lymph node dissection limited to the contiguous N1 perigastric lymph nodes. METHODOLOGY: Four hundred and thirty-eight patients treated by curative gastrectomy were evaluated. Outcomes of D1/D1.5 lymphadenectomy, limited lymph node dissection and of D2/D2.5 lymphadenectomy, extended lymph node dissection and histopathological prognostic factors as in the 1993 TNM staging classification supplement were analyzed. RESULTS: Estimated overall 5-year survival was 54.9%. Five-year survival was 58.4% in the limited lymph node dissection group and 54% in the extended lymph node dissection (P n.s.). Stage I 5-year survival was 59% after D2.5 lymph node dissection, 58% after D1.5 and 50% after D2 dissection (P n.s.). Stage II 5-year survival was 86% in D2.5 group and 56% in D1.5 group (P = 0.041). Stage IIIa survival was 61% in the D2.5 group and 22% in the D1.5 group (P = 0.001). Stage IIIb 5-year survival was 42% after D2.5 resection and 0% in D1.5 group (P = 0.001). In the pT3 group 5-year survival was 72% after D2.5 dissection and 33% after D2 dissection (P = 0.001). In the positive N1 lymph nodes group 5-year survival was better after extended lymph node dissection than after limited lymph node dissection. In pN2a patients 5-year survival was 57% after D2.5 resection and 0% after D2 resection (P < 0.001). In pN2b and pN2c patients extended lymph node dissection did not statistically improve survival. CONCLUSIONS: Even if no statistical differences were found in overall survival, prognosis was improved by extended lymph node dissection in stage II and III, particularly in T2 and T3 subgroups and in N1 and N2a subgroups. When large numbers of positive nodes were found, improved survival was dependent upon resection of extragastric nodes distal to the uppermost echelon of positive nodes.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2002

Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: high incidence of lymph node metastasis.

PURPOSE: Lymphadenectomy for prostate cancer is limited to obturator and external iliac lymph nodes, although the internal lymph nodes represent the primary landing zone of lymphatic drainage. We performed anatomically adequate extended pelvic lymphadenectomy to assess the incidence of lymph node metastasis in cases of clinically localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 103 consecutive patients underwent extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at radical retropubic prostatectomy comprising 9 selective fields, namely the external iliac, internal iliac, obturator and common iliac lymph nodes bilaterally, and the presacral lymph nodes. Histopathological findings were compared with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), histopathological stage, preoperative biopsy and postoperative prostatectomy Gleason score. Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy was compared with radical retropubic prostatectomy and standard lymphadenectomy in 100 consecutive patients in terms of complications, the number of lymph nodes dissected and operative time. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, preoperative PSA or mean biopsy Gleason score in patients who underwent extended pelvic and standard lymphadenectomy. Metastases were diagnosed in 27 of the 103 patients (26.2%) who underwent the extended procedure. A mean of 28 lymph nodes (range 21 to 42) were dissected. Metastases were identified in the internal iliac and presacral regions despite negative obturator lymph nodes. Of the 27 patients 1 to 3 lymph nodes involved with metastasis were detected in 15, 9 and 1, respectively. In 26 of the 27 patients (95.8%) with lymph node metastasis PSA was greater than 10.5 ng./ml. and preoperative biopsy Gleason sum was 7 or greater. A low risk of 2% for lymph node disease was noted in patients with serum PSA less than 10.5 ng./ml. and biopsy Gleason sum less than 7. There were no significant differences in regard to intraoperative and postoperative complications, lymphocele formation or blood loss in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy is associated with a high rate of lymph node metastasis outside of the fields of standard lymphadenectomy in cases of clinically localized prostate cancer. Lymphadenectomy including the internal iliac lymph nodes should be performed in all patients with prostate cancer who are at high risk for lymph node involvement, as indicated by PSA greater than 10.5 ng./ml. and biopsy Gleason sum 7 or greater. In the low risk group pelvic lymphadenectomy can be omitted.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

[Clinical problems of extended intestinal resections].

UNLABELLED: Extended intestinal resections constitute a primary surgical problem, and in numerous cases there is the necessity of programming an appropriate nutrition, including parenteral nutrition at patient's home. The aim of the work was to examine treatment problems: surgery indications, complications and the after-effects of extended intestinal resections as well as the procedure rules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The group of 51 patients with extended intestinal resections who were subjected to treatment in the years 1988-2002. The group was comprised of 25 female patients with the average age 64.2 years (34-86) and 26 male patients at the age of 56.3 (21-72). RESULTS: Extended intestinal resections resulted from: cancer--30, ischemia (embolism, thrombosis)--12, injury--3, inflammatory bowel diseases--2, intestinal polyposis--2, diverticulosis with hemorrhages--1, toxic necrosis--1.9 deaths were recorded within the post-operative period: 7 (that is 7 of 12) due to ischemia, 1 due to cancer, 1 due to colon toxicum. The overall mortality rate was 17% (that is 9 deaths of all the 51 patients); the highest rate reached as much as 58.3% in the ischemia cases. The most frequent reason of the deaths following extended intestinal resections performed due to ischemia of intestine was: the impossibility of hemodynamic stabilization--3, the escalation of intestinal ischemia and septic shock--2, simultaneously both causes--2. The average length of time between admittance to hospital and surgical intervention was 5.1 days (0-31); the average length of stay in hospital amounted to 20.8 days (2-102). CONCLUSIONS: Extended intestinal resections were the most frequently performed due to neoplastic or vascular reasons. Such surgical interventions are fraught with a high risk of complications and deaths. Furthermore, the foregoing surgeries demand a very expensive therapeutic procedure including the post-operative parenteral nutrition.

Abdominal Pain↗

PubMed2006

[Extended oestrogen-progestin contraceptive regimens: towards a contraception without menses].

Women's attitude concerning menstruations is changing towards achieving extended cycles with few or even suppressed menses, in view of the unpleasant perimenstrual bleeding, pain and discomfort pattern that may accompany menstruation. Use of combined oral estrogen-progestin contraception in extended "cycles" of 3, 6 and 12 or more months is now under active study. Extended cycle contraception is abided by a better compliance than conventional cycle contraception with ensuing optimized contraceptive effectiveness. Hypothetically, transdermal or transvaginal combined contraception could be used in extended cycles. Tolerance is comparable for both methods and unpredicted bleeding, initially more frequent during long cycle treatment tends to become less frequent after about 6 months a compared with conventional cycles. Usual safety parameters appear to be similar under both contraceptive modalities. Comfort and well being brought by extended cycle use (5 to 10 times fewer days of bloating or perimenstrual pain) allow to estimate that, according to acceptability studies, 10 to 40 percent of women of reproductive age would currently choose extended cycle contraception.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed2006

Cost-effectiveness of extended adjuvant letrozole therapy after 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of extended adjuvant letrozole in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer and estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive tumors who had completed 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. STUDY DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model. METHODS: Using a Markov model, we estimated the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained with extended adjuvant letrozole vs no extended adjuvant therapy. Probabilities of breast cancer recurrence or new contralateral tumor adverse effects and death were estimated using data from the MA.17 study and other secondary sources. Costs (in 2004 US dollars) and quality-of-life effects (utilities) of breast cancer events and adverse effects were derived from the literature. RESULTS: In base-case analyses, extended adjuvant letrozole vs no extended adjuvant therapy results in an expected gain of 0.34 QALYs per patient (13.62 vs 13.28 QALYs), at an additional lifetime cost of 9699 dollars per patient (55,254 dollars vs 45,555 dollars). The incremental cost per QALY gained with letrozole is 28,728 dollars. Cost-effectiveness is sensitive to the assumed reduction in risk of breast cancer events with letrozole but is insensitive to the risks, costs, and quality-of-life effects of osteoporosis and hip fracture. Cost-effectiveness is less than 100,000 dollars per QALY for node-positive patients younger than 81 years and for node-negative patients younger than 73 years. CONCLUSION: For postmenopausal women with early breast cancer who have completed 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen, the cost-effectiveness of extended adjuvant letrozole is within the range of other generally accepted medical interventions in the United States.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Lack of correlation between extended pH monitoring and scintigraphy in the evaluation of infants with gastroesophageal reflux.

Sixty-nine infants younger than 1 year of age, with symptoms of persistent vomiting, recurrent choking, apnea, persistent cough, or stridor, were evaluated for gastroesophageal reflux. All infants underwent extended intraesophageal pH monitoring for 16 to 24 hours as well as gastroesophageal scintigraphy with technetium 99m sulfur colloid to study the correlation between the two tests. Forty-eight infants exhibited reflux with extended pH monitoring whereas 46 infants showed reflux with scintigraphy. However, the diagnosis of reflux in individual patients by extended pH monitoring corresponded poorly with the diagnosis of reflux in the same patients by scintigraphy. Similarly, no correlation was observed between extended pH monitoring and scintigraphy results, whether expressed as percent gastric emptying or as gastroesophageal reflux ratio. We conclude that extended pH monitoring and scintigraphy measure different pathophysiologic phenomena and detect reflux under different conditions. The ability of these tests to detect reflux may be complementary and they may be of greatest value when used together to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic evaluation. Extended pH monitoring and scintigraphy should not be used interchangeably to monitor gastroesophageal reflux.

Esophagus↗

PubMed1986

Expression of LeY and extended LeY blood group-related antigens in human malignant, premalignant, and nonmalignant colonic tissues.

The LeY determinant, a difucosylated type 2 blood group-related antigen, is a positional isomer of the Leb blood group antigen and a fucosylated derivative of the LeX antigen. The LeX antigen behaves like an oncodevelopmental tumor-associated antigen in human colon cancer, and extended polyfucosyl LeX antigens are more specific for colon cancer tissues than are simple, monofucosyl LeX antigens. The present investigation compared the expression of simple and extended LeY antigens in a variety of malignant and nonmalignant human colonic tissues to gain insight into the normal distribution and cancer-associated expression of these antigens. Monoclonal antibody AH-6, which recognizes the LeY epitope irrespective of its carrier carbohydrate chain, stained the majority of specimens regardless of malignant potential or location within the colon. In contrast, CC-1 and CC-2 monoclonal antibodies, which recognize extended LeY structures, and KH-1, which is specific to trifucosyl LeY, preferentially stained malignant colonic tissues and rarely stained normal colonic mucosae. Mucosa immediately adjacent to cancer usually stained with AH-6 but not with KH-1, CC-1, or CC-2. Extended or trifucosyl LeY antigen expression was limited exclusively to premalignant (adenomatous) polyps and was invariably absent from nonpremalignant (hyperplastic) polyps. Moreover, among adenomatous polyps, extended LeY antigen expression tended to correlate with three parameters of malignant potential: larger polyp size; villous histology, and severe dysplasia. AH-6 failed to distinguish between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. In second-trimester fetal colonic mucosa, AH-6 bound to both proximal and distal segments whereas KH-1, CC-1, and CC-2 bound only to proximal segments. We conclude that in human colon, the LeY hapten is an oncodevelopmental cancer-associated antigen and extended LeY antigens are highly specific markers for malignancy and premalignancy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1989

[An assessment of extended lymphadenectomy including cervical node dissection for cancer of the thoracic esophagus].

An extended lymphadenectomy including cervical node dissection is one of the most difficult operations, therefore its merits and demerits should be assessed in order to evaluate whether it has the significance of extended radical operation or not. Extended lymphadenectomies including cervical node dissection became to be the standard procedures of lymphadenectomy for cases with cancer of the thoracic esophagus from 1986, and were carried out in 42 cases. Survival rates, disease free survival rates, sites of recurrences and incidences of postoperative complications were compared with the of cases with conventional lymphadenectomy excluding cervical node dissection. Concerning over all survival rates, no significant differences were observed between extended and conventional groups. However only in cases of stage 0 I II, significant difference in survival rates were observed between two groups. Therefore based on our experience, the merit of extended lymphadenectomy was observed only in stage 0 I II cases which had no lymph node metastasis. Concerning the incidence of postoperative complications, no significant differences were observed between two groups, therefore the significance of proceeding extended lymphadenectomy was confirmed.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1984

Effects of extended systematic lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the rectum--significant improvement of survival rate and decrease of local recurrence.

The effects of extended systematic lymphadenectomy were evaluated by the rate of survival of the patients and incidence of local failure in 643 patients with single primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum, who were operated on at the National Cancer Center Hospital from 1962 to 1981. Our extended systematic lymphadenectomy consists of high ligation of the inferior mesenteric vessels and meticulous dissection of the abdominopelvic lymphatic system. Potentially curative resection was performed on 495 patients (77%) with seven operative deaths (1.4%). Extended systematic lymphadenectomy was carried out on 74 of 168 patients with Dukes B cancer and 89 of 213 patients with Dukes C cancer. Five-year survival rates for patients with or without systematic extended lymphadenectomy were 83.2% vs 63.7% (P less than 0.05) in Dukes B and 52.5% vs 30.8% (P less than 0.05) in Dukes C classes. The cumulative incidence of local failure at 5 years was decreased from 26.1% to 8.4% (P less than 0.01) and from 44.3% to 24.5% (P less than 0.01) by extended lymphadenectomy in Dukes B and C classes, respectively. Prolongation of operation time (plus 60 min), slight increase in blood loss (plus 150 ml) and no increase in operative mortality (1/161, 0.6%), were observed in the case of extended lymphadenectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1984

Extended radical operations on breast cancer of medial or central location.

Two groups of patients with central or medical primary breast cancer (T1-2N0-1M0) were studied. One group of 478 patients had an extended radical mastectomy (Urban-Kholdin) that included removal of the parasternal lymph nodes and adjoining costal cartilages. A second group of 519 concurrently treated patients had a conventional radical mastectomy (Halsted-Meyer). Among the patients who had an extended radical mastectomy, metastases were found in parasternal lymph nodes in 17.7% of those who had no metastasis in axillary or subclavicular lymph nodes, 40.9% of those who had a single metastatic focus in axillary or subclavicular lymph nodes, and 54.2% of those who had multiple axillary and/or subclavicular nodal metastases. Comparison of the two groups for the interval to tumor recurrence showed that extended radical mastectomy provided a better disease-free survivorship at both 5 and 10 years. Among patients who had an extended radical mastectomy, results at 5 years were better by 10.1% for those who had no lymph node metastases at all, better by 15.6% for those who had a single axillary or subclavicular metastasis, and better by 16.6% when multiple axillary and/or subclavicular nodal metastases were present. Follow-up at 10 and 20 years also showed a margin favoring extended radical mastectomy. Among the patients who had metastases only in parasternal lymph nodes, the disease-free survival rate was 67.4% at 5 years and 46.2% at 10 years. Extended radical mastectomy should be considered the preferred operative procedure for patients 60 years of age or younger who have primary breast cancer (T1-2N0-1M0) of central or medial origin.

Axilla↗

PubMed1995

Comparison of the stride kinematics of the collected, medium, and extended walks in horses.

Six horses, highly trained for dressage competition, were used to study the stride kinematics of the walk, and to compare the kinematics of the collected, medium, and extended walks. Horses were filmed in a sagittal plane at a rate of 150 frames/s; temporal, linear, and angular data were extracted from the films. Results of ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test indicated that the speed of the collected walk (1.37 m/s) was significantly (P < 0.01) slower than that of the medium (1.73 m/s) and extended (1.82 m/s) walks, values for which were not significantly different from each other. The increase in speed was associated with a significant increase in stride length, from 157 cm in the collected walk to 193 cm in the extended walk. This was a result of an increase in the over-tracking distance, whereas there was no significant difference in the distance between lateral placements of the limbs. Stride duration decreased (P < 0.01) from the collected walk (1,159 ms) to the extended walk (1,064 ms). Angles of the metacarpal and metatarsal segments, measured on the palmar/ plantar aspect, were higher at impact and lower at lift off in the collected than in the extended walk (P < 0.01). This indicated greater range of angular motion of this segment during the stance phase in the extended walk. Only 1 of the 6 horses had a regular 4-beat rhythm of the footfalls, with equal time elapsing between the lateral and diagonal footfalls.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1994

Comparison of two semen extenders in terms of in vitro development of bovine embryos following IVF.

In order to conform with current EC standards with regard to antibiotic cover, the Norwegian Cattle Association is currently investigating the use of Biladyl as an alternative to the milk-based extender which has been traditionally used in Norway. A study was carried out to investigate the effect of using semen frozen with either milk extender or Biladyl on the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. Semen from 6 Norwegian Red bulls was used. There was a significant difference p < 0.05 in terms of cleavage rate between the 2 extenders for 1 bull, 78.2% vs 94.9% for milk and Biladyl extenders, respectively, and for the overall total of 71.3% vs 76.1% for milk and Biladyl extenders, respectively. There were no significant differences in terms of blastocyst yield amongst any of the bulls. In conclusion, the results suggest that Biladyl can be used as a replacement for the traditional milk-based extender without any adverse effects on blastocyst yields following in vitro fertilization.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

In vitro propagation of primary and extended life span murine corneal endothelial cells.

PURPOSE: To establish primary and extended life span cell cultures of murine corneal endothelial cells for a model system investigating corneal endothelial cell replacement and the immunologic features of corneal graft rejection. METHODS: The authors have been able to grow corneal endothelium in culture by isolating adult murine Descemet's membrane and allowing the endothelial cells to proliferate from the explants. To isolate extended life span murine corneal endothelial cells, cells were infected with an adenovirus-SV40 hybrid virus (Ad12-SV40). RESULTS: The primary cells from adult corneas proliferated to passage 3 before growth arrest-senescence was observed. However, the extended life span cells remained proliferative through passage 36 and maintained a structure similar to the primary cells. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrate that the extended life span cells are SV40 large T antigen positive, and both the primary and extended life span murine corneal endothelial cells exhibit the common expression of several growth factor receptors and TGF-beta. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the isolation and culture of mouse corneal endothelial cells. Additionally, these cells have been infected with a virus carrying the SV40 large T antigen, which yields extended life span mouse corneal endothelial cells. These cells will be of interest in establishing a murine model for corneal cell transplantation, and the authors are currently establishing protocols for the specific introduction and manipulation of these cells in both in vitro and in vivo systems. These types of analyses may provide an important animal model specific to in vivo corneal endothelial cell replacement for the treatment of endothelial-related keratopathies and can be a useful model in delineating the immunologic parameters of corneal graft rejection.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

The extended ilioinguinal approach for specific both column fractures.

The surgical approach for exposure of an acetabular fracture is determined by Letournel's fracture classification. Both column fractures typically can be treated through the ilioinguinal approach. If a fracture extends posteriorly to involve the sacroiliac joint or the sciatic buttress, exposure through the ilioinguinal approach can be quite difficult and the extended iliofemoral approach is often recommended. The authors have combined the ilioinguinal and the posterior approach to the sacroiliac joint into one incision termed the extended ilioinguinal approach. Six patients were treated by this approach. The approach allows improved visualization and should prevent some morbidity usually associated with the extended iliofemoral approach. Perfect or near perfect reductions were achieved in all cases. The extended ilioinguinal approach can be useful when treating both column fractures extending posteriorly to involve the sacroiliac joint or the sciatic buttress.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed1996

[The prospective study on the scope of extended operation for endometrial carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the scope of extended operation for endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: 105 patients underwent extended or less extended hysterectomy plus pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy and 36 patients underwent less radical hysterectomy only. Prospective investigation of these 141 cases of endometrial carcinoma was undertaken. RESULTS: Of the 105 cases, lymph node metastasis (18.10%) occurred in 19 cases. Metastasis were found in all stages except stage Ia. The incidences of lymph node metastasis in stage Ib and stage Ic were 8.82% and 21.05% respectively. Of the 141 cases of extended or less extented hysteretomy, 2 were with parametrial connective tissue metastasis (stage II and stage III b), 2 with parametrial lymph node metastasis (stage I c and stage III b) and 2 with parametrial vascular involvement (stage I b and stage I c). CONCLUSIONS: The extended or less extended hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy should be performed in all patients of endometrial carcinoma except those of stage I a.

Adenocarcinoma↗