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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Regional distributions of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products, activities of enzymes regulating the metabolism of oxygen free radicals, and some of the related enzymes in adult and aged rat brains.

Regional distributions of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products, activities of enzymes regulating metabolism of oxygen free radicals, and some of the related enzymes were studied in 10 areas of adult and aged rat brains. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive products were lower in cerebral cortex, septal area, hippocampus, caudate-putamen, and substantia nigra compared with other areas studied in adult rats; however, they increased significantly in the former areas with aging. A slight but significant reduction in superoxide dismutase activity was noted in frontal cortex, septal area, caudate-putamen, and substantia nigra with aging. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities were highest in caudate-putamen and in substantia nigra. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities were lowest in cortical areas. Phosphofructokinase activity was lowest in septal area and hippocampus in aged rats. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity showed only small regional and evolutional changes. Lactate dehydrogenase activity declined with age in most of the areas studied. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity showed small changes with aging except in hippocampus, where 40% reduction was noted. Generally, cerebral cortical areas, hippocampus, and septal areas were not particularly enriched in enzymes regulating the metabolism of oxygen free radicals. The results were discussed in relation to the role of free radicals in aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in human epidermal tumors. 5.

The activities of eight enzymes were determined by fluorometric micromethods in epidermal tumors (basal and squamous cell epithelioma, verruca seborroeica and keratoacanthoma) and compared to the activities in the adjoining, apparently normal epidermis. The activities were increased in basal cell epithelioma, variable in squamous cell epithelioma and verruca seborroeica and lowered in keratoacanthoma.

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase↗
PubMed1979

Ochratoxin A-induced mycotoxic porcine nephropathy: alterations in enzyme activity in tubular cells.

Mycotoxic porcine nephropathy was induced by p.o. administration of crystalline ochratoxin A for periods of 5 days, 3 months and 2 years. Enzyme activities of the renal tissue were studied histochemically. These were NADH-tetrazolium reductase, NADPH-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, unspecific acid phosphatase and unspecific alkaline phosphatase. The activity of NADH-tetrazolium reductase and succinate dehydrogenase was reduced in the proximal tubule of all nephrons after 5 days ochratoxin A exposure and remained reduced after 3 months and 2 years exposure. The effect of ochratoxin A on these enzymes would appear to cause the impairment of proximal tubular function and the morphological changes observed in the proximal tubule in ochratoxin A-induced mycotoxic porcine nephropathy. The localization of alterations in enzyme activity corresponds to the localization of ochratoxin A previously demonstrated in the kidney. The activities of NADPH-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and unspecific alkaline phosphatase were reduced focally corresponding to the areas with focal tubular atrophy and the degree of reduction was roughly parallel to the degree of atrophy.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1963

Enzyme changes in flight muscle correlated with aging and flight ability in the male housefly.

Magnesium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity in the giant mitochondria (sarcosomes) of the flight muscle of aging male houseflies decreases concomitantly with failure in flight as reflected in the loss of wings during the second week of adult life. Preceding the loss of wings, however, there is a rapid decline in the activity of an alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase which is located in the extramitochondrial fraction and is dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1967

Alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in tissues of the Weddell seal.

High activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and low activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue of Weddell seals suggest that neutral fat may be assembled there from exogenous sources of fatty acids. Low activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in other tissues tested precludes assignment of the function of fatty-acid synthesis to any specific tissue and emphasizes uniqueness of adipose mass in seals.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1968

Carcinogens 3,4-benzpyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene: induction of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes.

Sections of liver from rats injected with 3,4-benzpyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene, when incubated in mediums specific for the histochemical demonstration of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes, show greater activity of several of these enzymes than do sections from control rats. This observation was confirmed by comparison of the staining of mitochondria isolated from the control and from "induced" rats. The fact that an inhibitor of protein synthesis, actinomycin D, effectively diminished the stimulation provided evidence that the stimulation of activity is due to an increase in enzyme synthesis, generally called induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Dehydrogenase patterns in the study of Bacteroidaceae.

Enzyme patterns were obtained by starch-gel electrophoresis of cell-free extracts from organisms in the family Bacteroidaceae. Esterases, phosphatases, and lactic and succinic dehydrogenases were detected but offered no possibility for classification purposes. Alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were not detected. Zymograms of malic, glutamic, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases separated Bacteroides species from Sphaerophorus and Fusobacterium species. Malic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were found in Bacteroides but not Sphaerophorus and Fusobacterium. These dehydrogenase zymograms placed three gram-negative, nonsporeforming anaerobic rod isolates with the Bacteroides species. A close correlation was found between the classification of Bacteroidaceae by zymogram analysis and a numerical taxonomy scheme previously published from this laboratory.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1974

Some effects of visible light on Escherichia coli.

Light above 400 nm had selective effects on Escherichia coli ML-308: several processes or enzymes were strongly inhibited, whereas others were relatively unaffected. There was a correlation between the inhibition of respiration and the inhibition of active uptake of glycine. However, phenylalanine uptake did not show such a correlation. The decrease in adenosine 5'-triphosphate level during the first few minutes of illumination resembled the inactivation kinetics of phenylalanine uptake. The results suggest that phenylalanine uptake may not depend greatly on oxidative energy and may depend on the adenosine 5'-triphosphate level. The results for glycine suggest either that its active uptake and respiration involve a common photosensitive component or alternately, that only the respiratory chain contains the photosensitive component, and that glycine uptake is coupled almost exclusively to respiration. The critical photochemical lesion does not involve d-lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, or l-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase since their inactivation rate is markedly lower than that for respiration.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1983

Identification and localization of enzymes of the fumarate reductase and nitrate respiration systems of escherichia coli by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to analyze the components of membrane vesicles of anaerobically grown Escherichia coli. The number of precipitation lines in the crossed immunoelectrophoresis patterns of membrane vesicles isolated from E. coli grown anaerobically on glucose plus nitrate and on glycerol plus fumarate were 83 and 70, respectively. Zymogram staining techniques were used to identify immunoprecipitates corresponding to nitrate reductase, formate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in crossed immunoelectrophoresis reference patterns. The identification of fumarate reductase by its succinate oxidizing activity was confirmed with purified enzyme and with mutants lacking or overproducing this enzyme. In addition, precipitation lines were found for hydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, the membrane-bound ATPase, and the dehydrogenases for succinate, malate, dihydroorotate, D-lactate, 6-phosphogluconate, and NADH. Adsorption experiments with intact and solubilized membrane vesicles showed that fumarate reductase, hydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, and ATPase are located at the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane; on the other hand, the results suggest that formate dehydrogenase is a transmembrane protein.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1999

Regulation and adaptation of glucose metabolism of the parasitic protist Leishmania donovani at the enzyme and mRNA levels.

Adaptation of the glucose metabolism of Leishmania donovani promastigotes (insect stage) was investigated by simultaneously measuring metabolic rates, enzyme activities, message levels, and cellular parameters under various conditions. Chemostats were used to adapt cells to different growth rates with growth rate-limiting or excess glucose concentrations. L. donovani catabolized glucose to CO(2), succinate, acetate, and pyruvate in ratios that depended on growth rate and glucose availability. Rates of glucose consumption were a linear function of growth rate and were twice as high in excess glucose-grown cells as in glucose-limited organisms. The major end product was CO(2), but organic end products were also formed in ratios that varied strongly with growth conditions. The specific activities of the 14 metabolic enzymes measured varied by factors of 3 to 17. Two groups of enzymes adapted specific activities in parallel, but there was no correlation between the groups. The activities of only one group correlated with specific rates of glucose metabolism. Total RNA content per cellular protein varied by a factor of 6 and showed a linear relationship with the rate of glucose consumption. There was no correlation between steady-state message levels and activities of the corresponding enzymes, suggesting regulation at the posttranscriptional level. A comparison of the adaptation of energy metabolism in L. donovani and other species suggests that the energy metabolism of L. donovani is inefficient but is well suited to the environmental challenges that it encounters during residence in the sandfly, its insect vector.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1966

Changes in fungi with age. II. Respiration and respiratory enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium bataticola.

Van Etten, James L. (University of Illinois, Urbana), H. Peter Molitoris, and David Gottlieb. Changes in fungi with age. II. Respiration and respiratory enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium bataticola. J. Bacteriol. 91:169-175. 1966.-The rate of respiration of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium bataticola decreased with age. This decrease in respiratory rate might be produced by a decrease in the specific activity of one or more enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Specific activities in cell-free extracts were measured for most of the enzymes in the hexose monophosphate shunt, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and terminal electron-transport system. In addition, glucose oxidase, isocitritase, and malic enzyme were measured. In R. solani, increases in activity with age occurred for hexokinase, alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase. Decreases occurred for phosphohexokinase, aconitase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitric dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase, and at least one of the enzymes between 3-phosphoglycerate and pyruvate. In S. bataticola, increases in activity with age were observed for phosphohexokinase, pyruvic dehydrogenase, fumarase, malic dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme, whereas none of the enzymes decreased. The specific activities of the remaining enzymes did not change with age in either fungus.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1969

Effects of some antitumor agents on growth and glycolytic enzymes of the flagellate Crithidia.

Some antitumor agents known to specifically inhibit certain tumor cell enzymes were examined for activity against glycolytic enzymes and growth of the insect trypanosomatid, Crithidia fasciculata. The cytoplasmic enzymes hexokinase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were tested. Agaricic acid (2-hydroxy-1,2,3-nonadecane tricarboxylic acid) was highly inhibitory (50 to 100%) to malic and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases at approximately 3 x 10(-5)m; 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylpropane (2 x 10(-4)m), and 5,6-dichloro-2-benzoxazolinone (5 x 10(-4)m) were less effective (50% inhibition) against them. The antiprotozoal agents primaquine (4 x 10(-4)m) and Melarsoprol (8 x 10(-4)m) were 30 to 40% inhibitory. Agaricic acid, 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylpropane, and 5,6-dichloro-2-benzoxazolinone inhibited growth of Crithidia at less than 10(-4)m. Eight other test compounds from the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center (CCNSC) were not toxic to cell growth, although two (4-biphenylcarboxylic acid and 1-[p-chlorobenzyl]-2-ethyl-5-methyl-indole-3-acetic acid) inhibited Crithidia alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase below 1 mm. All of the compounds used specifically inhibited cancer cell alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. The corresponding enzyme in pathogenic African trypanosomes is important in their terminal respiration. C. fasciculata may be useful in preliminary evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents as potential trypanocides.

Acetates↗