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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Determination of ReQuest-based symptom thresholds to define symptom relief in GERD clinical studies.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The growing importance of symptom assessment is evident from the numerous clinical studies on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) assessing treatment-induced symptom relief. However, to date, the a priori selection of criteria defining symptom relief has been arbitrary. The present study was designed to prospectively identify GERD symptom thresholds for the broad spectrum of GERD-related symptoms assessed by the validated reflux questionnaire (ReQuest) and its subscales, ReQuest-GI (gastrointestinal symptoms) and ReQuest-WSO (general well-being, sleep disturbances, other complaints), in individuals without evidence of GERD. METHODS: In this 4-day evaluation in Germany, 385 individuals without evidence of GERD were included. On the first day, participants completed the ReQuest, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and the Psychological General Well-Being scale. On the other days, participants filled in the ReQuest only. GERD symptom thresholds were calculated for ReQuest and its subscales, based on the respective 90th percentiles. RESULTS: GERD symptom thresholds were 3.37 for ReQuest, 0.95 for ReQuest-GI, and 2.46 for ReQuest-WSO. CONCLUSION: Even individuals without evidence of GERD may experience some mild symptoms that are commonly ascribed to GERD. GERD symptom thresholds derived in this study can be used to define the global symptom relief in patients with GERD.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Relationships between adaptation-innovation, experienced control, and state-trait anxiety.

This study examines correlations among scores on the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory, the Tiffany Control Scales, and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for 104 undergraduates enrolled in the general psychology classes at a middle-sized midwestern university. Analysis indicated that adaptors and innovators perceive control from and/or over some aspects of their lives differently. Innovators feel control over internal (self) and over external (environment) while adaptors feel control from internal (self) and from external (environment). These results suggest innovators generally feel that they are in control of both themselves and the environment. Adaptors, however, generally feel they are controlled by internal drives and impulses or environmental events. The present study yielded no correlation between choice of college major and adaption-innovation but more research is needed. A relation between adaption and state anxiety was found, which may suggest adaptors feel more pressure when completing a novel task (answering questionnaires) than innovators. Finally, no significant correlation was found between the Kirton scores and trait anxiety.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2007

Clinical features and personality traits associated with psychological distress in systemic sclerosis patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify certain clinical parameters and personality characteristics associated with various forms of psychopathology in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. METHODS: Fifty-six SSc patients participated in the study, and 74 healthy participants served as controls. A wide range of clinical information was collected, and the following self-report instruments were used: General Health Questionnaire, Symptom Distress Checklist-90-R, Defense Style Questionnaire, Sense of Coherence (SOC) Scale, and Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire. RESULTS: The odds of being assessed with a psychiatric diagnosis upon interview were 4.5 times greater among SSc patients compared with controls. Disease duration and lower rates of SOC were found to be associated with elevated symptoms of general psychological distress. Elevated symptoms of depression were strongly associated with esophageal involvement, hostility, and defense style used. Elevated symptoms of anxiety were mainly associated with arthritis-related painful conditions and SOC, while psychotic-like symptoms were only associated with age and a specific personality structure. CONCLUSIONS: SSc patients experience elevated symptoms of psychological distress. Several clinical parameters are associated with distress, but the role of various personality traits could not be disregarded. Early psychiatric assessment and intervention could prevent psychological distress in SSc patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Risk and resilience in canine search and rescue handlers after 9/11.

Research has suggested that rescue workers are at increased risk for psychological distress. To determine whether 9/11 deployment was a significant risk factor for canine search and rescue handlers, 82 deployed handlers were compared to 32 nondeployed handlers on measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, acute stress, and clinical diagnoses. Deployed handlers reported more PTSD and general psychological distress 6 months after 9/11. Among deployed handlers, prior diagnoses and peritraumatic reactions were associated with psychological distress whereas social support and training were protective. Results suggest that more extensive screening and prophylactic interventions for individuals with a history of mental illness could be beneficial. Future research should examine identified risk/resilience factors prospectively, and training and intervention should be designed accordingly.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A preliminary study of factors associated with psychological adjustment and disease course in school-age children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

This study consisted of a longitudinal examination (baseline and approximately 2-yr follow-up) of factors associated with psychological adjustment in a sample of 24 school-age children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Measures of depression, anxiety, and self-concept were administered to the children, and measures of behavioral problems, social functioning, and negative life events were administered to the parents. Generally, psychological adjustment seemed stable, though a decrease in positive social self-concept over time was observed. Negative life events were significantly associated with greater adverse psychological and behavioral outcomes at both baseline and follow-up. An additional component to the study investigated factors associated with survival. Examination of an additional five children who died within 12 months of baseline indicated that they experienced significantly more adverse life events, were less resilient, and had greater disease progression. The sample size was small and requires that these findings be considered as preliminary and suggestive rather than conclusive.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological well-being and symptoms in women with chronic constipation treated with sodium picosulphate.

The use of sodium picosulphate has been restricted to a few weeks due to its potentially harmful effect on the colon. In spite of this restriction, however, many patients prefer this pharmaceutical drug. The authors have earlier studied the use of sodium picosulphate and found regular use leads to a moderate dose escalation. The aim of this study was to examine whether subjects who use laxatives containing sodium picosulphate differ in their psychological well-being and symptoms from subjects who use other laxatives, and to decide, on the basis of the results, how to use drugs containing sodium picosulphate. Eighty-six women, age 27-65 years, with chronic constipation were interviewed by two self-administered questionnaires: the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Twenty-two of the subjects were interviewed a second time some months later after inclusion in a drug trial. Thirty-five women used sodium picosulphate regularly every week and 51 used other laxatives. Psychological well-being according to the PGWB was better for the subjects who used sodium picosulphate regularly than for those who used other laxatives (97 compared to 86, p, .017) This difference was due to less anxiety (p, .0001). There was no difference between the groups according to the GSRS. After inclusion in a drug trial, but before the introduction of the drugs, the group who did not use sodium picosulphate was remarkably improved with less anxiety, better self-control, and reduced abdominal pain and constipation. As the psychological well-being was better for the subjects who used sodium picosulphate, these drugs can be used when patients fail to respond to traditional therapies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

A 'quality of life questionnaire' adapted to duodenal ulcer therapeutic trials.

In order to compare subpopulations of duodenal ulcer (DU) patients a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire (self-administered) was developed with the objective of investigating: (i) general parameters of health and well-being, and (ii) dimensions specifically adapted to patients with DU. For the former, Ware's MOS SF-36 was selected as a central core, with 36 items investigating 9 dimensions, and for the latter the anxiety scale (5 items) of the Psychological General Well-being Index (PGWBI) questionnaire and a further 5 dimensions (13 items) resulting from a preliminary survey of ulcer patients were selected. Validation of the proposed questionnaire was obtained for: linguistic aspects, content (i.e. ability to cover problems of patients suffering from DU), internal consistency, reliability, and sensitivity (i.e. analysis of discrimination between three groups of patients (acute DU episode, remission and control). The final version of the Quality of Life in Duodenal Ulcer Patients (QLDUP) questionnaire, which includes 54 items investigating 15 dimensions, appears to be a sensitive and reproducible tool, the simplicity of which makes it suitable for monitoring long-term treatments in DU.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1997

The grief of late pregnancy loss.

We studied 46 women who had an ultrasound diagnosis of a lethal fetal anomaly (gestational age > or = 24 weeks). Shortly after the diagnosis, 45% of these 46 women showed severe psychological instability established by a consensus diagnosis. Three months later, this percentage had diminished significantly to 22%. The total GHQ-28 score revealed that after 4 years, 11 out of the 29 remaining participants (38%) had a score of 5 or more, which indicated a clinically significant degree of general psychological distress. Depression and despair measured with the Perinatal Grief scale, did not decrease significantly over the 4-year period. Women with a strong disposition towards feelings of inadequacy or 'neuroticism', measured with the Dutch Personality Questionnaire, displayed significantly more intense grief reactions than women without such a strong disposition. The implications of our study are that in the face of (threatened) late pregnancy loss, medical care should include (i) paying attention to the need for medical information and emotional support and (ii) performing psychosocial screening of women identified as showing signs of inadequacy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Assessing audiological, pathophysiological, and psychological variables in chronic tinnitus: a study of reliability and search for prognostic factors.

The development and course of chronic tinnitus are determined by both biological and psychological factors. To combine these different sources of data, we developed a standardized interview to assess tinnitus history, summarize audiological findings, screen for etiological conditions, and explore tinnitus-related psychological complaints (Structured Tinnitus Interview). The results of a test-retest study with 65 tinnitus inpatients show that most of these components can be assessed with acceptable or high reliability. Further data based on 166 patients demonstrate that tinnitus annoyance was to some extent different from patterns of general psychological complaints, although there were medium intercorrelations with depression. Significant predictors of tinnitus annoyance were (a) continuous tinnitus without intervals, (b) hearing loss, (c) increasing tinnitus loudness over time, (d) poor maskability, (e) history of sudden hearing loss, and (f) associated craniomandibular disorder. Psychological distress was not significantly increased in patients whose tinnitus was associated to vascular disorder, cervical spine dysfunction, acoustic trauma, Menihre's disease, or neurological disorder.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Predicting the onset of knee pain: results from a 2-year prospective study of new workers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative contribution of work-related mechanical (injury) factors and psychosocial factors to the onset of a new episode of knee pain, in a cohort of newly employed workers. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of newly employed workers from 12 diverse occupational settings in England (The New Workers Study). 859 newly employed workers, free of knee pain, were identified. Information about occupational mechanical factors (manual handling and postural activities), the occupational physical environment, and psychological and psychosocial factors was collected by self-completion questionnaires. Participants were followed up after 12 and 24 months to identify cases of knee pain onset. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate the risk of new-onset knee pain, with respect to the exposures previously measured. RESULTS: In total, over the 2-year follow-up period, 108 cases of new-onset knee pain were observed. Mechanical load, postural factors, psychological distress and work-place psychosocial factors all influenced the risk of new-onset knee pain over the 2-year follow-up period. On multivariate analysis, two factors remained independently predictive of knee pain onset: lifting or carrying heavy weights in one hand, and the level of general psychological distress. CONCLUSION: In addition to mechanical (injury) factors, psychological factors are important risk factors for knee pain onset as shown in a population of young newly employed workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Treatment outcome of chronic non-malignant pain patients managed in a danish multidisciplinary pain centre compared to general practice: a randomised controlled trial.

This randomised controlled study investigated the effect of outpatient multidisciplinary pain centre treatment (MPT) compared with treatment by a general practitioner after initial supervision by a pain specialist (GP-group) and with a group of patients waiting for 6 months before treatment was initiated (WL-group). One-hundred-and-eighty-nine chronic non-malignant pain patients were studied. At referral, and after 3 and 6 months patients filled in questionnaires evaluating pain intensity, health related quality of life (HRQL) and use of analgesics. HRQL was evaluated using the Medical Outcome Study-Short Form (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) and the Psychological General Well-being Scale (PGWB). After 6 months patients allocated to MPT (n=63) reported statistically significant reduction in pain intensity (VAS-score, P<0.001), improvement in psychological well-being (PGWB, P<0.001), quality of sleep (P<0.05) and physical functioning (SF-36-Phycical Functioning, P<0.05). No improvements were seen in the GP-group (n=63). In the WL-group (n=63) a statistically significant deterioration was observed in PGWB-scores, HAD-scores and in 6 of 8 SF-36-subscores (P </= 0.05). A reduction in use of opioids administered on demand was obtained in the group receiving MPT (P<0.001). In the MPT- and GP-groups a decrease in the use of short acting opioids was observed (P<0.01). No change in use of analgesics was seen in the WL-group. The study showed that (i) in the MPT-group there was a significant reduction in pain intensity and improvement of HRQL compared to the WL-group, and (ii) the mere establishment of a pain diagnosis and a pain management plan by a pain specialist was not sufficient to enable the referring GP to manage severely chronic pain patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Psychological well-being of adults with acquired hearing impairment.

AIM: To study psychological well-being (health-related quality of life) in a population of adults 20 years and over with hearing impairment (HI) and its relation to audiological factors, consequences of the HI, sense of humour, and use of communication strategies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Consecutive adults (n = 343) at the outpatient Unit of Audiology of a Norwegian university hospital answered the Psychological General Well-being inventory (PGWB), Hearing Disability and Handicap Scale (HDHS), Sense of Humour Questionnaire-6 (SHQ-6), and Communication Strategies Scale (CSS) in relation to an audiological examination and medical consultation. RESULTS: Mean PGWB index for the whole sample was 81.4 (SD 14.3) and females reported a significantly lower psychological well-being. In multiple linear regression analyses well-being was negatively associated with high levels of activity limitation and participation restriction. PGWB index was positively associated with high sense of humour, but was neither explained by audiological factors nor use of communication strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological well-being was associated with the outcome of a standard HI assessment of activity limitation and participation restriction, but not with degree of HI and use of communication strategies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

The relation of childhood separation experiences to adult depressive and anxiety states.

The relation of childhood separation experiences to adult depression, anxiety and 'general psychological morbidity' was assessed in a random population survey. Four causes of separation were examined in each of three age groups: childhood illness, parental illness, parental marital discord and wartime evacuation. Childhood separations occurring up to five years of age bore no relation to depression, anxiety nor to incidence of morbidity generally. From five to ten years of age, separations caused by parental illness and marital discord were related to morbidity, and in the latter instance were more likely to cause depression than anxiety. From 11 to 15 years, only separations due to parental illness were related to morbidity generally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Does antihypertensive treatment with amlodipine or enalapril affect quality of life? A multicenter study in general practice].

In this multicentre trial in general practice the effect of one year of therapy with amlodipine or enalapril on quality of life and blood pressure was studied in 461 hypertensive patients. Quality of life was evaluated by means of a questionnaire administered on five occasions during the study. A total of 125 questions were distributed between psychological general well-being, own perception of health, social relations, sexual and cognitive functioning, and a combined index for frequency and intensity of symptoms. Both drugs were equally effective in reducing blood pressure, from 162/106 to 142/91 mm Hg, and had the same effect on quality of life. Neither of the drugs reduced quality of life, and in some of the variables a slight improvement (2-5%) was observed. The two compounds were tolerated equally well. Apart from class-typical effects (coughing for enalapril and edema for amlodipine) no clinically significant side effects were experienced.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Predictors of initial and final work capacity in a chronic obstructive airways disease rehabilitation program.

A study was conducted to determine the predictors of initial and final work capacity in men with chronic obstructive airways disease attending an outpatient rehabilitation program in a veterans' hospital. Baseline psychological, ergometric and respiratory physiological data were collected on a sample of 27 patients and ergometric and physiological data were collected again after eight weeks. The study demonstrated that respiratory impairment as measured by vital capacity was predictive of initial work capacity and that knowledge of the patients' psychological state added little to this prediction. In addition, it demonstrated that work capacity could be improved considerably by such a rehabilitation program despite a lack of improvement in respiratory parameters. Such improvement in work capacity as did occur was greatest for those who were less affectively disturbed, had a more positive general psychological state, were less preoccupied with their symptoms and saw their problems as being more under their control.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Superstitiousness and perceived anxiety control as predictors of psychological distress.

It has been suggested that superstitiousness may be a subclinical manifestation of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. The present study examined whether the relationship between superstitiousness and obsessive-compulsive symptoms was exclusive or whether superstitiousness was a less specific construct. A sample of undergraduates (n=191) completed measures associated with superstitiousness, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, symptoms of anxiety disorders other than obsessive-compulsive disorder (panic symptoms, agoraphobic cognitions, worry, and social fears), general psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and stress), and perception of anxiety control. Results indicated a gender difference in superstitiousness exists, with females being significantly more superstitious than males. Little relationship was found between superstitiousness and the other constructs in males, whereas moderate relationships were found between superstitiousness and the other constructs in females. The suggestion that superstitiousness is nonspecific and related more to perception of control than any specific form of psychological distress is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Psychological well-being and perceptions of stress amongst Japanese dental students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Psychological General Well Being (PGWB) and perceived sources of stress amongst dental students in Japan. Second to sixth year dental students of Tokyo Medical and Dental University were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire collected information on demographic and social background, lifestyle behaviours, the PGWB index and the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire. A total of 320 students (56% male) participated, with a response rate of 91%. Male students had significantly higher PGWB scores and lower DES scores than female students (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the year of study for DES mean score and PGWB total score. Students whose first choice of admission was dentistry experienced less stress than those whose first choice was another discipline (P < 0.05). Students who regularly exercised showed significantly lower stress levels and higher well-being status than those students who did not exercise (P < 0.01). Correlational analysis showed an inverse relationship between PGWB and DES scores (r = -0.544, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that DES mean score was significantly related to gender, first choice of admission and PGWB total score. It is suggested that perception of stress amongst Japanese dental students is influenced by gender, dentistry as first choice for admission and students' general well-being.

Adult↗