PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “INHALATION THERAPY”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhalation therapy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1998

[Inhaler therapy for adults with obstructive lung diseases: powder or aerosol?].

When prescribing inhalation medication in the ambulant treatment of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a choice can be made between dry powder inhaler (DPI) and pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI). The degree of deposition in the lower airways depends on the dose delivery via the inhaler and the mean diameter of the released particles (MMAD). With a DPI, dose delivery and MMAD depend on the inspiratory flow rate. With a pMDI dose delivery and MMAD do not depend on the inspiratory flow rate but on hand-mouth co-ordination. The main determinants for the choice of a DPI or a pMDI are the degree of co-operation and co-ordination, and the inspiratory flow rate of the patient.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Long-term observations of the clinical course after step down of corticosteroid inhalation therapy in adult chronic asthmatics: correlation with serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein.

BACKGROUND: Symptoms often deteriorate in well-controlled asthmatics after a step down in inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (iBDP) therapy if the serum concentration of eosinophil cationic protein (sECP) is high. This deterioration is significantly abrogated by pranlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, or by seratrodast, a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist. However, these results were based on short-term (less than 6 months) observations. METHODS: We studied 35 well-controlled adult asthmatics. We assigned the patients into different groups according to their sECP levels before the step down: (i) group A, sECP < 25 microg/L; (ii) group B, sECP > or = 25 microg/L; and (iii) group C, sECP > or = 25 microg/L but patients treated with pranlukast or seratrodast. We began the study with a step down in iBDP therapy (initial step down), then followed the clinical course of the asthma for 2 years. During the study period, we decreased, increased or maintained the iBDP dose on the basis of the stepwise approach described in the National Institutes of Health guidelines. We monitored the time and frequency of exacerbation and evaluated the iBDP dose required to control the asthma symptoms. RESULTS: The rates of exacerbation after the step down were high in groups A and B. In group A, the conditions were again qualified for the step down in all patients, but this was not the case for most group B patients. From 15 to 21 months after the initial step down, the average dose of iBDP required to control symptoms was significantly higher in group B than in group A patients (P = 0.0127-0.0373). The exacerbation rate in group C after 12 months tended to be lower than in the other two patient groups (P = 0.0743). In group C, the average dose of iBDP from 9 to 24 months after the initial step down was significantly lower than before the step down (P < 0.0001) and was not significantly different from the mean dose of iBDP in groups A or B. CONCLUSIONS: High sECP in well-controlled asthma may indicate the necessity for a higher iBDP dose over a long period than when the sECP concentration is not high. Even if sECP is high, pranlukast or seratrodast help to prevent exacerbation of asthma and enable successful step down in iBDP therapy for at least 2 years thereafter.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Amiloride inhalation therapy in cystic fibrosis. Influence on ion content, hydration, and rheology of sputum.

Amiloride inhalation as treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease has been shown in independent studies to increase mucus clearance by ciliary and/or cough action and to retard the decline in lung function. It is hypothesized that amiloride therapy decreases the excess sodium and water absorption that is a characteristic of CF airway epithelium and that it leads to an improvement in the rheologic properties of mucus favoring airway mucus clearance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether amiloride treatment (5 x 10(-3) M amiloride in one-third normal saline four times a day) would change sputum electrolyte composition in patients with CF after 25 wk of therapy as compared with placebo (one-third normal saline), and whether appropriate changes in sputum water content and rheologic properties would accompany any changes in electrolyte composition. Sputum samples were obtained from six patients with CF undergoing amiloride therapy, using the dental cotton protection technique to avoid salivary contamination. The samples were stored at -80 degrees C until analyzed. For electrolyte analyses an aliquot of the sputum (minimum, 30 mg) was analyzed with ion-selective electrodes for sodium and potassium, and a chloride meter was used to measure chloride content. Chronic (25-wk) amiloride therapy increased significantly the sputum sodium (94.8 +/- 16.4 to 121.4 +/- 15.4 mmol/L, p = 0.001) and chloride (64.4 +/- 11.8 to 77.2 +/- 8.0 mmol/L, p = 0.10) content when compared with 25 wk of saline treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reappraisal of OP-1206, a prostaglandin E1 derivative in combination with low-flow oxygen inhalation therapy in chronic lung disease.

For the purpose of alleviating pulmonary hypertension and maintaining cardiac output, which tended to be decreased to acute low-flow oxygen therapy in chronic lung diseases, we evaluated combined low-flow oxygen therapy and oral administration of OP-1206, a prostaglandin E1 derivative, in 7 patients with obstructive lung disease and 3 with restrictive one. Low flow oxygen inhalation (1 l/min. 30 minutes) increased PaO2 from 67.2 +/- 12.8 mmHg to 91.0 +/- 18.2 mmHg (p less than 0.001), PVO2 from 36.4 +/- 3.1 mmHg to 41.7 +/- 7.0 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and decreased cardiac index from 3.38 +/- 0.39 l/min/m2 to 3.07 +/- 0.32 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.01), RVSWI from 18.7 +/- 2.6 g.m/m2 to 6.1 +/- 2.0 g.m/m2 (p less than 0.01), transpulmonary driving pressure from 13.0 +/- 5.4 mmHg to 9.8 +/- 5.5 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and mean PA from 21.6 +/- 7.7 mmHg to 18.3 +/- 6.9 mmHg (p less than 0.05) with a trend of increase in COD and no change at oxygen delivery. OP-1206, on the contrary, decreased mPA from 21.6 +/- 7.7 to 18.2 +/- 5.6 mmHg (p less than 0.05), RVSWI from 8.7 +/- 2.6 g.m/m2 to 6.9 +/- 2.3 g.m/m2 (p less than 0.01) with trend of decrease in transpulmonary driving pressure, TPVR and PAR with no substantial changes in gasometric parameters. The decrease rates of PA by low-flow oxygen therapy and OP-1206 administration correlated significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

[Inhalation therapy].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

[Inhalation therapy for asthma in children. Questions about effectiveness].

A better understanding of childhood asthma, a disease affecting 6 to 10% of the paediatric population, has led to the development inhalation systems which can provide undeniably effective therapy but also raise a certain number of questions as to the quantity of drug actually reaching the pulmonary airways. When aerosols, the reference system, are used with a good inhalation technique, as much as 80% of the active product goes no further than the oral cavity, only 10% reaching the intrapulmonary airways. In addition, the system requires a co-ordination between hand movements and inspiration which is beyond the capacity of children under 7 or 8 years of age. Doses and granulometric flow also vary greatly depending on the propulsion gas. Inhalation chambers mounted on face masks avoid the problem of co-ordinated movements, increasing pulmonary deposition, but real drug delivery in infants who breathe through the nose remains to be determined. Systems which deliver the drug in the form of a powder have also been developed. With these devices, the product is held in a chamber together with carrier particles and is inhaled as inspiration creates air turbulence in the chamber. Minimal inhalation peak is the limiting factor. Nebulizers offer another possibility since no voluntary control of respiration is required, the child breathes at his own rhythm. The drug is nebulized either by a forced air or ultrasound system. Such systems may be very useful for infants but are usually not adapted for toddlers or older children. Despite the lack of precision as to the quantity of drug actually delivered to the pulmonary airways, the use of inhalations has completely changed the quality of life of children with chronic asthma. Further progress will be made through a better understanding of the two most important factors: the child and corticosteroids. Indeed, the child's co-operation (or non-co-operation) is one of the major sources of (un)successful treatment: even the best inhalation system can have little impact on the disease if it is not accepted and used correctly by the child.

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Inhalation therapy with nitric oxide in pulmonary hypertension: Comparison of preterm infants versus newborn infants].

BACKGROUND: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is used as a vasodilator in pulmonary hypertension (PH) of the newborn infant. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients, who were treated at our department with iNO in the period from 1994-2001. Response was defined as an increase of the paO (2)/FiO (2) Ratio > or = 20 % and/or a decrease of the oxygenation index (OI) >/= 20 % after 2 h (early response), and consecutively after 24 h (late response). The patients were divided into a) primary persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newbom (PPHN), or b) pulmonary hypertension secondary to meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), sepsis or congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2001 we treated 47 patients with iNO at our neonatal intensive care unit. We included 16 (35 %) preterm infants (GA 34,5 [25 - 37] weeks, GG 2061 [680 - 3410] g) (Median/Range) and 31 (65 %) newbom (GA 40 [38 - 42] weeks, GG 3510 [2550 - 4560] g). 18 (38 %) patients suffered from primary PPHN, 29 (62 %) from secondary PPHN (14 MAS [30 %], 8 sepsis [17 %], 4 CDH [8 %]). 8 (50 %) preterm and 20 (64 %) term infants showed a positive iNO response after 2 h, again 8 (50 %) preterm and 20 (64%) term infants showed a positive iNO response after 24 h. There was neither a significant difference between term and preterm infants at 2 h, nor at 24 h. Between 2 h and 24 h 10 patients changed in their response to iNO. 5 (18 %) patients with early response showed a significant degradation after 24 h, whereas 5 (26 %) of the patients without early response showed a significant improvement of the oxygenation alter 24 h. Alltogether 13 (72 %) patients with PPHN, 8 (57 %) with MAS, 2 (50 %) with CDH, 4 (50 %) with sepsis showed a positive iNO response after 24 h. In regard to the oxygenation parameters at start of iNO-therapy, the patients with early response did not differ from the patient without response (median OI: 20,0 versus 21,8, median paO (2)/FiO (2) Ratio: 59,3 versus 55,0 mmHg at the start of the iNO therapy). CONCLUSION: In regard to iNO response, there was no significant difference between term and preterm infants. Due to the changing response, a positive iNO-response after 2 h had no predictive value for the further prognosis of the oxygenation situation under iNO therapy.

Age Factors↗