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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Extraversion and variety-seeking in a monotonous task.

It is hypothesized on the basis of Eysenck's theory of extraversion that extraverts should build more variety into their performance at a monotonous task than introverts. The performance of a group of extravets (n = 16) and a group of introverts (n = 16) on a simple repetitive task was compared. Comparisons were made on two measures of response variety: firstly, a simple measure of number of alternations among possible responses and, secondly, a measure of variety taken from information theory-the average entropy of the set of responses made. The hypothesis was confirmed on both measures. The results are interpreted as adding further support to Eysenck's work linking differences in extraversion to differences in arousal.

Arousal↗
PubMed1976

Extraversion, activation and the recall of prose.

Subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of their scores on the extraversion scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the general activation scale of Thayer's Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List. A prose passage was presented to subjects who then attempted to recall it under strict instructions to avoid errors. There were significant interactions between activation and extraversion for the error data, and the phrase-correct data, with moderate levels of arousal (high activation extraverts and low activation introverts) being associated with the fewest errors and the most phrases correctly recalled. It was concluded that the study showed the importance of arousal to recall performance, possibly due to the effects of arousal on retrieval processes.

Arousal↗
PubMed1977

Hypnotic susceptibility and personality: the consequences of diazepam and the sex of the subjects.

It was suggested by Gibson & Curran (1974) that the rather complex relationships found to obtain between hypnotic susceptibility and the personality parameters of extraversion and neuroticism might be understood by considering neuroticism as a moderator variable (as had been suggested by Furneaux & Gibson, 1961). They made the hypothesis that if a tranquillizing drug were administered the operative level of neuroticism would be decreased, and as a consequence the level of susceptibility of neurotic extraverts would be raised, and that of neurotic introverts lowered. This study reports the test-retest data on a sample of 71 subjects on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales, half of whom were retested with diazepam and half with nicotinic acid. The hypothesis was confirmed and additional data are given on the drug/placebo effects on each item of the scale. The significance of drugs on different aspects of hypnotic susceptibility in relation to personality is discussed.

Diazepam↗
PubMed1977

Tobacco smoking, personality and sex factors in auditory vigilance performance.

A total of 120 university students comprising equal groups of male and female non-smokers, smokers not smoking and smokers smoking; were compared for performance on a 60 min auditory vigilance task. Non-smokers consistently detected more signals throughout the test. A significant interaction showed that while non-smokers detected fewer signals as the test progressed, smokers increased their number of detections. There were no sex differences and no overall EPI differences in scores, although extraverted non-smokers gave significantly higher scores than introverted non-smokers with the converse being present for smokers. The results are discussed in relation to hippocampal functions and indicate that smoking should be taken into account in experiments involving sustained attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Alexithymia in chronic bronchitis/emphysema: personality characteristics and illness attitudes.

Personality characteristics and illness attitudes of alexithymic and nonalexithymic chronic bronchitis/emphysema patients were assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) along with supplementary scales and the Respiratory Illness Opinion Survey (RIOS). Two validity scales, three clinical scales and one supplementary scale from the MMPI along with one illness attitude category from the RIOS discriminated alexithymic and nonalexithymic patients. These findings are disparate from those observed in an asthmatic population and point to an interplay between illness type and alexithymia in terms of personality and illness attitudes.

Affective Symptoms↗