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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Biomedical ethics as a form of professional defense of physician's personality].

The past 3 years have been marked by great changes in the sociohumatarian sector of medical education in Russia. They are associated with the introduction of biomedical ethics teaching. The Meeting on Philosophic Problems of Medicine (Academy of Medical Sciences, 1996) indicates that this subject is taught at the departments of philosophy of Russia's medical higher educational establishments. At the same time there are real trends for bringing biomedical ethics to medical law and for vanishing the former subject in some special subjects. The paper analyzes the reasons for these trends and concludes that with the introduction of new biomedical technologies and the new medical legislation, it is the significance of biomedical ethics as a regulator of physician-patient relations, as a form of protection of a physician's personality which especially increases, which requires its special and individual study and teaching.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1998

The Wisconsin Primary Care Organizations Consortium: a forum for the primary care medical specialties.

The Wisconsin Primary Care Organizations Consortium (WI-PCOC) is composed of the leadership of Wisconsin's primary care medical specialties whose four professional societies have a combined membership of about 3,900 physicians. Since 1992, WI-PCOC has explored the priorities and issues of importance of each organization, and has reviewed organizational resources to synchronize agendas and to avoid conflict. WIPCOC articulates policy supported by its member societies with a common voice; it does not set policy. WI-PCOC has worked with legislators, medical school deans, other specialty societies and other groups interested in primary care service and education. WI-PCOC member organizations aspire to work together to improve the level of health of Wisconsin citizens and their communities.

Family Practice↗
PubMed2002

Projecting future drug expenditures--2002.

Drug-cost projections for 2002 and factors likely to influence drug costs are discussed. The United States continues to face the challenge of increased growth in health expenditures, and pharmaceutical expenditures continue to increase significantly faster than the growth in total health care expenditures. These increases can be largely attributed to a combination of general inflation, an increase in the average age of the U.S. population, and the increased use of new technologies. On the basis of price inflation and nonprice inflationary factors, including increases in volume, shifts in patient and therapeutic intensity, and the expected approval of new drugs, we forecast a 15.5% increase in drug expenditures in 2002 for hospitals and clinics and an 18.5% increase for ambulatory care settings. One of the most substantial contributors to the rise in pharmaceutical expenditures over the past decade is the successful introduction and rapid diffusion of new pharmaceuticals. Data about many new drugs on the horizon are provided. One agent likely to have the highest impact on hospitals in the next year is drotrecogin alfa for the treatment of sepsis. The cost of this agent is expected to range from $3,000 to $10,000 per patient per course of therapy. Other factors influencing medication costs, including generic medications, legislative initiatives, and the recent acts of terrorism committed against the United States, are also discussed. Technological, demographic, and market-based changes, and possibly public policy changes, will have a dramatic influence on pharmaceutical expenditures in the coming year. An understanding of what is driving the changes is critical to the effective management of these resources.

Drug Approval↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Legislation scene.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Health Planning↗
PubMed1981

[Historical development of medical malpractice (author's transl)].

The first legal rules about medical malpractice are to be found in 1700 B.C. (Antique Babylon). Only about 3,000 years later a legally based definition about medical malpractice is given in the "Carolina" and a judgement by experts (medical professional people) is demanded. In about 1630, Paolo Zacchia finds the following statement for medical malpractice: "Medicus errat ommitendo et commitendo". In 1797, Fahner demands a modern definition (still acknowledged today) for medical malpractice and he demands courts for the medical profession. With the Prussian Medical Legislation part of these demands were met in the first third of the 19th century.

Europe↗
PubMed1990

Controlling hepatitis B virus transmission in North America. The North American Regional Study Group.

In the US in 1988, 54,011 cases of viral hepatitis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 42% of which were categorized as hepatitis B. Because of incomplete reporting and subclinical disease, the CDC estimates that approximately 300,000 acute cases of hepatitis B are occurring in the US each year for an annual estimated incidence of 125 cases per 100,000 population. Since 1985, a gradual decrease in the reported incidence of hepatitis B has been observed which may be attributed partly to the availability of new hepatitis B vaccines. Comprehensive control of hepatitis B infection in North America has, however, been impeded by the diversity and mobility of high-risk groups who often are unaware of their potential to infect other individuals. Surveillance studies have indicated that the modes of transmission of hepatitis B may be changing in the US. A larger proportion of cases are seen in parenteral drug abusers and in active heterosexuals. It is believed that hepatitis B vaccine has been administered to only 7% of the population who are at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV). To achieve maximum control, universal immunization of infants will therefore be necessary. A first programme, already inaugurated in the US, involves screening of all pregnant women and providing appropriate prophylaxis to neonates of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers and to susceptible household contacts of these individuals. Along with mandatory guidelines, collaboration between the hepatitis community, vaccine manufacturers, the CDC and appropriate medical, legislative and health care organizations should be fostered to achieve successful control of HBV in North America.

Adolescent↗