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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of lubricant in female urethral catheterization.

Urethral catheterization is a commonly undertaken nursing procedure, with up to 12.6% of hospitalized and 4% of community patients having indwelling urethral catheters (Rew and Woodward, 2001). It is well known that this is often a procedure that can cause physical trauma to the urethra and can be painful for the patient and a recent systematic review identified that urethral trauma and discomfort could be minimized by using a sterile-use lubricant or anaesthetic gel (Department of Health, 2001). This article will consider the use of lubricants for female urethral catheterization.

Catheters, Indwelling↗

PubMed1984

Effects of canal lubrication on retention of cemented posts.

The effect of lubricating the canal space prior to making a custom acrylic post pattern was studied in regard to the retention of cast posts cemented with zinc phosphate. Ways of removing the lubricant before cementation were also evaluated.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1997

The inflammatory potential of surgical glove lubricants: Biosorb, Keoflo, calcium carbonate and Hydrocote after intravitreal injection.

Surgical glove powders have been implicated in serious postoperative foreign body reactions due to contamination of the operative field. Inflammatory responses to glove lubricants or mold release agents have to date been studied to a lesser extent in ocular tissues than other body tissues, although powder contamination of intraocular lenses, with severe postoperative anterior chamber inflammatory responses, have been reported. The object of this study was to grade and quantitate the inflammatory response of surgical glove lubricants, namely Biosorb, Keoflo, calcium carbonate and Hydrocote (a hydrogel polymer film used in powderless gloves), as introduced into the posterior chamber on New Zealand white rabbits. In a double masked GLP study, a total of 150 eyes were evaluated. For each of the four test samples, a dose response curve was obtained at 10 micrograms (Keoflo only), 125 micrograms, 250 micrograms, 500 micrograms, 1000 micrograms, and 1500 micrograms. Study parameters were the quantitation of inflammatory cells in the aqueous and vitreous, and ocular irritation and inflammation, as graded by the rabbit inflammation score system, at 0 and 48 hours post-injection. A Wilcoxen signed-rank test used to evaluate statistical significance (p < 0.05). A test vitreal cell count was less that 50 cells/mm3 and the overall mean clinical response was less than 2.0. This study established that Keoflo at all concentrations 10 micrograms-1000 micrograms), and Biosorb at concentrations greater than 1000 micrograms were inflammatory. Calcium carbonate and Hydrocote were non-inflammatory at concentration of 125 micrograms-1500 micrograms. The unoperated, sham, vehicle and Ocugel controls were all non-inflammatory. The positive Zymozan A controls were defined as inflammatory. In conclusion, no glove powder is totally safe, even small amounts of glove powder (10 micrograms) can elicit an inflammatory immune response. If all glove powder averages 700mg/pair, this should be removed prior to contact with a patients tissue. Powder-free gloves and greatly reduce the potential inflammatory risk associated with powdered gloves.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of lubricant gels in urinary catheterisation.

Nurses with a prescribing qualification are now able to prescribe catheters and catheter management products. However, they must use research and best evidence to inform their prescribing decisions. This article reviews the catheterisation process and the use of lubricant gels in both transurethral (particularly in females) and suprapubic catheterisation. It also considers the benefits of lubricating gels.

Catheters, Indwelling↗

PubMed2001

New hope raised for OTC antiviral lubricants.

After the disastrous findings involving nonoxynol-9 and its use as an antiviral vaginal lubrication, clinicians may have been tempted to think there was very little possibility of finding a spermicide that could kill HIV. However, the possibility of finding a safe and effective antiviral lubricant was given new life by a recently published study by researchers at The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.

Anti-HIV Agents↗

PubMed2000

An evaluation of the effectiveness of two canal lubricants in removing smear layer.

This study used scanning electron microscopy to compare the effectiveness of two new canal lubricants in conjunction with sodium hypochlorite irrigation in removing smear layer. Both lubricants completely removed the smear layer in the coronal and middle thirds of the root canals, but only partially removed the smear layer in the apical thirds. An explanation of the findings is presented and the clinical significance of smear layer is discussed.

Chelating Agents↗

PubMed2002

A prospective randomized trial comparing lidocaine and lubricating gel on pain level in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy.

PURPOSE: To compare patient reported pain during TRUS guided biopsies using intrarectal lidocaine gel versus lubricating gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2000 to May 2001, 360 men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into two groups. In group 1, 180 patients received 10 cc of 2% intrarectal lidocaine gel (Xylocaine 2% jelly, Astra Pharma Inc.) 5 to 10 minutes before the procedure and in group 2, 180 patients received 10 cc of lubricating gel. No other sedation or analgesia was given. Pain level immediately after the last biopsy was assessed using a 10-point linear visual analog pain scale. RESULTS: The median pain score during transrectal prostate biopsy was 2 (range 0 to 8) and 3 (range 1 to 10) in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). Only minor complications occurred and complication rates were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Rectal administration of lidocaine gel is safe, simple and effective for reducing the pain level associated with transrectal prostate biopsy.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Comparison of topical anesthetics and lubricants prior to urethral catheterization in males: a randomized controlled trial.

UNLABELLED: Although male urethral catheterization in the emergency department (ED) is both common and painful, few studies have evaluated the use of topical anesthesia prior to catheterization. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether pretreatment of the urethra with topical lidocaine reduces the pain associated with urethral catheterization. METHODS: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of 36 alert, cooperative male adult patients requiring urethral catheterization, without allergies to the study medications or contraindications to their use, from a suburban university-based ED. Patients in the experimental group had topical lidocaine 2% gel injected in their urethras, whereas control patients received intraurethral lubrication only. Standardized catheterization with a no. 16 Foley was performed followed by pain assessment. The primary outcome measured was pain of catheterization on a 100-mm visual analog scale. Other outcomes included ease of insertion and procedural bleeding. RESULTS: The authors evaluated 36 patients evenly distributed between study groups. Mean age was 62 years (range 22-85). Compared with controls, patients pretreated with lidocaine experienced significantly less pain of catheterization (38 +/- 28 mm vs. 58 +/- 30 mm; mean difference 20 mm; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.4 to 32; p = 0.04) and less pain of injection (23 +/- 17 mm vs. 40 +/- 25 mm; mean difference 17 mm; 95% CI = 3 to 32 mm; p = 0.02). There were no differences in the number of attempts and incidence of adverse events between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Use of topical lidocaine gel reduces the pain associated with male urethral catheterization in comparison with topical lubricants only.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1991

Dry skin, water, and lubrication.

Lubrication of the skin will become more important as our population ages. Many excellent moisturizers are available for lubrication. Individual ingredients that are touted heavily are not as important as the total mixture. The single most important factor is the regular use of the products to prevent overdrying of the skin. How should we use this information to achieve our aims? 1. The frequency of bathing, showering, and cleansing should be reduced. The water should be kept at the coolest temperature practical, and one should get out as soon as possible. Sponge bathing should be encouraged. Bath oils make tubs slippery and are wiped off by towels. It is better to apply an emollient directly on skin that is still damp. 2. Room temperatures should be kept low and comfortable and humidity should be kept as high as possible without causing damage. 3. Overdrying should be avoided by limiting the exposure to soap, detergents, solvents, and water. In addition, friction from washcloths, rough clothing, and abrasives should be avoided. 4. Emollients should be used frequently and selected to be compatible with the individual's situation. Bedridden individuals should use petrolatum, whereas the ambulatory would be better served by the use of lotions and creams. 5. If itching is present or reticulated cracking (eczema craquelé) is seen, more aggressive treatment is indicated, including possible use of topical steroid preparations. 6. A preparation that is cosmetically acceptable, so that it will be used regularly, should be prescribed. One must emphasize its importance so that the individual avoids serious and chronic dermatitis.

Cosmetics↗

PubMed1989

Oligolamellar lubrication of joints by surface active phospholipid.

Six studies have been undertaken to test the hypothesis that oligolamellar phospholipid adsorbed to the articular surface contributes to joint lubrication. Synovial fluid (SF) proved highly surface active, rapidly depositing phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) on glass surfaces, rendering them hydrophobic--a property of well rinsed articular surface removable by the same fat solvents known to increase joint friction by 150%. Electron microscope studies demonstrated lamellar bodies (surface active DPPC) on the articular surface and in SF and lamellated phospholipid in light scrapings of joint surfaces. These were consistent with the quantity of phospholipid recovered by solvent rinsing. Friction measurements in vitro demonstrated excellent boundary lubrication imparted by multimolecular layers of DPPC under high load with coefficients of kinetic friction reaching physiological ranges (0.002-0.005).

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗

PubMed1987

A temporary nontoxic lubricant for a synthetic absorbable suture.

Synthetic absorbable sutures have been coated with lubricants to improve their handling characteristics. A unique surfactant, poloxamer 188, has been used to coat the surface of the polyglycolic acid sutures. This lubricant was chosen because it does not damage the tissues defenses of the host and invite infection. Since poloxamer 188 is readily soluble in aqueous solutions, it is rapidly absorbed in the tissue environment resulting in an uncoated suture that displays increased knot security. The coating of polyglactin 910 is also minimally reactive in tissues and does not damage tissue defense. In contrast with the coated polyglycolic acid sutures, the knot security of the coated polyglactin 910 sutures is not altered by exposure to an aqueous environment or implantation. The increased knot security of the coated polyglycolic acid suture after implantation is considered to be a distinct clinical advantage over that of the coated polyglactin 910 sutures.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Lubrication and surface chemical properties of ophthalmic solutions.

Surface chemical and lubrication parameters such as contact angle, surface tension, and coefficient of friction, together with viscosity, were measured for commercial ophthalmic solutions. A sensitive friction-testing instrument was employed to measure the coefficient of friction between low-energy polymeric surfaces, e.g., polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The viscosity of ten commercial tear substitutes employed in the present study ranged from 2 to 25 cp. The results showed that there is no correlation between the coefficient of friction and viscosity, surface tension, or contact angle of these tear substitutes. The coefficient of friction of tear substitutes appears to depend upon the structure, conformation, and adsorption characteristics of polymer as well as surface characteristics of sliding surfaces. A systematic study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of speed and load on the coefficient of friction between different sliding surfaces, namely PMMA/nylon and PMMA/PMMA. The analysis of data established that our system was operating in the region of "boundary lubrication." In general, a PMMA/PMMA system exhibited a lower coefficient of friction as compared with the PMMA/nylon system.

Lubrication↗

PubMed1983

Effects of surgical lubricants on semen analysis.

The effects of a number of commercially available surgical lubricants on the motility of spermatozoa with time, have been examined with the aim of recommending a non-toxic, water soluble aid which was not visibly detrimental to spermatozoa following collection of semen for routine analysis. The results have shown that motility is impaired at concentrations above 5%, but that below this level of contamination, spermatozoal motility, and progression, as objectively determined by multiple exposure photography, was unaffected. For various practical reasons, and because it is well known, K-Y Jelly, packaged as a single sachet, is probably the lubricant of choice.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗

PubMed1993

Is normal saline an acceptable alternative to silicone for lubricating fibrescopes?

This article describes a model designed to measure the forces acting on a fibrescope when it is pushed through an endotracheal tube. Lubrication with either silicone or normal saline leads to a reduction in friction forces. Fibrescopes lubricated with normal saline require a larger force to be advanced through endotracheal tubes when compared to silicone; however, the difference is clinically unimportant and is outweighed by the advantageous properties of normal saline. A theoretical model is presented which is in close agreement with experimentally derived data.

Butanes↗

PubMed1977

[The significance of the characteristics of lubricating jellies in use during transurethral prostate resections with metallic sheaths (author's transl)].

If a metallic sheath is used during a transurethral resection of the prostate with high-frequency currents, the lubricating jelly has to exceed a prescribed conductivity, in order to prevent dangerous current-density spots within the urethra. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of the lubricating jelly and the mode of its application have to be considered carefully.

Burns, Electric↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The analysis, design, and testing of a blood lubricated hydrodynamic journal bearing.

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation's Innovative Ventricular Assist System (IVAS) uses a hydrodynamic journal bearing to support the rotating assembly of the blood pump. Bearing dimensions are chosen so that a stable film of lubricant develops and separates stationary and rotating pump surfaces during operation. This bearing type provides several advantages for a permanently implanted device, including essentially no wear for very long life and very high reliability, as well as a self pumping action that generates circumferential wash flow and thus lowers the risk of bearing associated deposition. However, these advantages are accompanied by design issues not encountered with typical journal bearing, such as low shear stress, bearing ends that are not at atmospheric pressure, and low radial bearing loads. To address these issues, several concepts for a hydrodynamic blood bearing were designed and analyzed using a special computer code to perform parametric studies. This design analysis code was developed to define optimum bearing performance under selected load and speed ranges and within practical tolerances. Results showed the range of dimensions and conditions over which an effective, reliable, blood lubricated journal bearing can be designed. Subsequent bench testing has validated the theoretical conclusions and shown this bearing type to be very robust in a blood pump application.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed2000

Wear simulation of UHMWPE for total hip replacement with a multidirectional motion pin-on-disk device: effects of counterface material, contact area, and lubricant.

The wear of nonirradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was studied with a circularly translating pin-on-disk (CTPOD) device. With this simple device, the wear of the acetabular cup is simulated. Two shapes of a polyethylene pin were used: flat wear faces of 3.0 and 8.9 mm in diameter. The load was always 70.7 N. Tests were done against stainless steel plates in serum, albumin, and gamma-globulin lubricants and against alumina plates in serum. With 3.0-mm-in-diameter wear faces, the wear factors were an order of magnitude lower than the average clinical wear factors of polyethylene acetabular cups. With 8.9-mm-in-diameter wear faces, the wear factors and wear mechanisms were consistent with clinical ones. The mean wear factor against stainless steel in serum was 1.46 times higher than that against alumina, and the difference was statistically significant. The mean wear factors in albumin and gamma globulin were close to that in serum; the differences were not statistically significant. The results indicate that albumin and gamma globulin are the fractions of synovia that influence the wear of polyethylene. A practical test parameter combination for the CTPOD device has now been established for future studies of modified and new materials and of lubricants.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗

PubMed1984

Carcinogenicity of petroleum lubricating oil distillates: effects of solvent refining, hydroprocessing, and blending.

Certain refining processes were investigated to determine their influence on the dermal carcinogenic activity of petroleum-derived lubricating oil distillates. Specifically, the effects of solvent refining, hydroprocessing, a combination of both processes, and the blending of oils processed using each technique were evaluated in standard mouse skin-painting bioassays. The refining process used as well as the level or severity of treatment greatly influenced the carcinogenic outcome of processed lubricating oils. Solvent refining at severities normally used appeared to eliminate carcinogenicity. In contrast, hydroprocessing alone at mild levels of treatment was successful only in reducing the carcinogenic potency; severe hydroprocessing conditions were necessary to eliminate carcinogenic activity without the use of additional refining processes. Carcinogenic activity could also be eliminated by following moderate solvent refining with mild hydroprocessing. Blending of hydroprocessed oils with solvent-refined oils resulted in a substantial reduction or even elimination of carcinogenic activity. However, the degree of protection obtained varied with the particular distillates used and appeared largely dependent on the inherent biological activity of the hydroprocessed oil.

Animals↗