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The effect of Immobilon upon blood glucose levels in the dog.
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Death of bull under Immobilon.
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Use of Large Animal Immobilon.
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Clinical observations on the antagonism of immobilon by naloxone in dogs.
The effectiveness of naloxone hydrochloride in reversing Immobilon anaesthesia was evaluated in 14 dogs. Although a dose rate of 0.02 mg per kg body-weight briefly reversed the respiratory and cardiovascular depression, a dose of at least 0.6 mg per kg body-weight was required before full recovery of consciousness occurred. The action of naloxone was found to be relatively short lived and relapse tended to occur after 10 to 15 minutes. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the use of naloxone in the event of accidental self-administration of Immobilon in man.
Immobilon advertisement.
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Effect of chemical immobilisation on the heart rate and haematological values in captive gazelles.
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Immobilon supply to holders of Home Office licensed dart guns.
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The use of a new analgesic-tranquilliser mixture in dogs.
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Further evidence for 'active' reflex vasodilation.
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Certain neuroleptics reduce bone mineralization in schizophrenic patients.
A significant increase of urinary Ca and hydroxyproline levels and a decrease of urinary alkaline phosphatase activity were found in 12 schizophrenic patients receiving certain neuroleptic drugs. In these patients, the levels of active metabolites of vitamin D3 were decreased, while the levels of midmolecule parathyroid hormone were within the normal range, except for 2 cases. These results suggest that certain neuroleptics induce the increased urinary Ca excretion through suppression of active vitamin D3 formation and that chronic treatment with certain neuroleptics may induce abnormal bone mineralization.
Modification of rabbit body temperature induced by the simultaneous injection of gonococcus vaccine and various phenothiazine neuroleptics.
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The different influence of predominantly antiadrenergic and antidopaminergic neuroleptics on the estrous cycle in rats.
In experiments performed on rats, single subcutaneous doses of predominantly antidopaminergic neuroleptics (fluspirilene, pimozide, and thioproperazine in large doses) elicited persistent diestrus, i.e. pseudopregnancy. Neuroleptics with predominantly antiadrenergic action (levomepromazine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine) as well as phenoxybenzamine injected intraventricularly induced mainly prolonged estrus, i.e. blocking of ovulation. Since pseudopregnancy implies a rise of prolactin secretion, our results indirectly indicate that PIF secretion is stimulated by dopamine. The antiovulatory effect of the antiadrenergic agents, which involves an inhibition of the proestral LH surge, suggests that the discharge of LRF is mediated by an adrenergic mechanism.
Clinical factors associated with pain in acute myocardial infarction.
In an unselected population of 921 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to one single hospital, regardless of age and whether they were admitted to the coronary care unit or not, we describe the course of pain during hospitalization. Patients with a history of angina pectoris, patients with a particularly long delay time, and patients not transported by ambulance had the longest duration of pain.
Drug-induced repetitive sharp EEG discharges in multi-infarct dementia.
Elderly patients are usually more susceptible to and more often show adverse drug reactions. Repetitive sharp EEG transients, reversible upon withdrawal of neuroleptic drugs, are reported in clinical multi-infarct dementia. The predisposing and eliciting mechanisms underlying the occurrence of this neurotoxic electroclinical syndrome are discussed. Our observations suggest a relation between repetitive sharp EEG discharges and dysfunction of adrenergic transmission.
Phototoxic properties of neuroleptic drugs.
BACKGROUND: Photo-induced eruptions are well-known adverse effects of some neuroleptic drugs, particularly chlorpromazine. OBJECTIVE: By a photohemolysis test we assessed in vitro the phototoxic properties of 12 phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, dixyrazine, fluphenazine, levomepromazine, perazine, perphenazine, promazine, promethazine, prothipendyl, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, triflupromazine) and 5 thioxanthenes (chlorprothixene, clopenthixol, flupenthixol, thiothixene, zuclopenthixol). METHODS: Human erythrocytes from 3 donors were incubated with the compounds and irradiated with light sources rich in UVA or UVB, respectively. Doses were up to 100 J/cm2 UVA or up to 1,600 mJ/cm2 UVB. Photo-induced hemolysis was calculated as percentage of complete hemolysis. RESULTS: Photo-induced hemolysis >10% due to radiation rich in UVA was found with chlorpromazine (maximal median: 98%), dixyrazine (100%), fluphenazine (84%), perazine (100%), perphenazine (100%), promazine (16%), promethazine (25%), prothipendyl (96%), trifluoperazine (100%), triflupromazine (76%), chlorprothixene (100%) and thiothixene (31%). UVB-rich radiation induced hemolysis only with chlorpromazine (73%), dixyrazine (45%) and perazine (60%). CONCLUSION: Most neuroleptics are strongly phototoxic in vitro indicating a potential risk for photo-induced reactions also to occur in patients treated with these drugs.