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PubMed1989

[Microbiologic in vitro comparison of plaque-inhibiting mouthwashes].

The colonization on rat molars of S. sobrinus OMZ 176, S. mutans OMZ 376, or a combination S. sanguis OMZ 9 and S. sobrinus OMZ 176 after a short exposition to various fluoride solutions and disinfectants was tested in vitro. The test solutions included Act, Candida, Veadent, sodium fluoride, amine fluoride, stannous fluoride, zinc fluoride hexetidine, stannous fluoride/amine fluoride solutions, chlorhexidine and water. The sterilized rat molars were immersed in the above test solutions for 60 seconds, then incubated with streptococci in broth for 8 hours, again dipped into the same test solutions for 60 seconds and reincubated for an additional 30 hours. The streptococcal suspension contained 14C labelled sucrose solutions. The deposits on the molars were dissolved in 6N potassium hydroxide during 16 hours. Finally, the beta rays emitted by the dissolved radiolabelled suspension were counted using a scintillation counter. The sodium fluoride containing solutions exerted no or a very limited effect on the bacterial deposits. In contrast to the other test solutions, sanguinaria extract (Veadent mouth rinse) mildly inhibited the S. sobrinus and S. mutans deposits, but plaque formation by the combination of streptococci was not hampered. Zinc fluoride/hexetidine, amine fluoride and stannous fluoride/amine fluoride solutions had a distinct and significant inhibitory effect on S. sobrinus and S. mutans deposits, but only a weak effect when mixed cultures were used for plaque formation. Chlorhexidine significantly inhibited the deposits of the three bacterial strains used in these experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Fluoride retention and clearance after rinsing with fluoridated mouthwashes].

Oral fluoride clearance and oral fluoride retention were studied in 12 adult volunteers. 5 different mouthrinses were used. The test agents, in part available on the market, includes two Candida mouthrinses containing 1508 and 330 ppm F, respectively, Act containing 308 ppm F, a zinc fluoride-hexetidine (ZH) combination containing 287 ppm F, and an amine fluoride 297/SnF2 (AmF/SnF2) combination containing 241 ppm F. The volunteers rinsed with 10 ml of the above solutions for 30 s each. The oral fluoride concentration was reduced to 1 ppm 99 min after rinsing with Candida original. With the AmF/SnF2 solution, the oral fluoride concentration remained above 1 ppm for 39 min, and for about 20 min after rinsing with Candida reduced, ZH and Act. With both Candida original and ZH significant fluoride levels in the oral fluid were still found after 3 h, while with AmF/SnF2 and Act significant fluoride levels lasted for 2 h. A specific clearance value was determined for each mouthrinse, reflecting the ability of the agent to remain attached to the oral structures. The AmF/SnF2-rinse had a rapid clearance value. About 9 to 17% of the fluoride brought into the oral cavity were not expectorated. For the mouthrinses containing 0.05% NaF the retention was about 0.4 mg F. This value is considered to be harmless. Mouthrinses used after the application of a monofluorophosphate-dentifrice helped to increase the relatively low oral fluid fluoride level. Rinsing with the test agents after brushing with the amine fluoride dentifrice (Elmex) produced no significantly increased fluoride levels. In-between meals eliminated the oral fluoride concentration rapidly.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Chlorhexidine mouthwash: a review of its pharmacological activity, clinical effects, uses and abuses.

Chlorhexidine, an antiseptic with a wide antimicrobial spectrum, was first introduced as a general disinfectant in medical use. In dentistry, it was first used for disinfecting surgical sites and in endodontics. Its anti-plaque effect was later discovered and this lead to its widespread use as a plaque control agent available over-the-counter without prescription. The author reviews its pharmacological activity, clinical effects, uses and abuses in dentistry.

Chlorhexidine↗