PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “NERVES, SPINAL”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in experimental spinal nerve root injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers were evaluated in a setup using established pig models to mimic clinical disc herniation. OBJECTIVES: To investigate biomarkers for nerve tissue injury, inflammation, and pain in cerebrospinal fluid after mechanical compression and/or nucleus pulposus application to spinal nerve roots. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The association between mechanical compression, biochemical effects of nucleus pulposus, and nerve root injury in degenerative disc disorders is incompletely investigated. METHODS: The unilateral S1 nerve root was exposed in 20 pigs. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 5 each): 1) slow-onset mechanical compression with an ameroid constrictor; 2) autologous nucleus pulposus application; 3) mechanical compression plus nucleus pulposus; and 4) sham operation. After 1 week, 6 mL of cerebrospinal fluid was collected, and four structural nerve proteins, neurofilaments, S-100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8, the neurotransmitter nociceptin, and substance P endopeptidase activity were analyzed using immunoassays. RESULTS: The concentration of neurofilament was increased in the mechanical compression group (17.0 microg/L +/- 5.0) and in the mechanical compression plus nucleus pulposus group (19.8 +/- 12.1 microg/L) compared with the sham group (0.9 +/- 0.9 microg/L) and the nucleus pulposus group (0.4 +/- 0.1 microg/L) (P < 0.01 for both). The concentration of nociceptin was increased significantly in the mechanical compression group (24.0 +/- 8.6 fm/mL) and in the mechanical compression plus nucleus pulposus group (31.2 +/- 6.6 fm/mL) compared with the sham group (7.0 +/- 1.3 fm/mL) (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). A correlation was found between concentrations of neurofilament and nociceptin (r = 0.50, P < 0.05). There were no intergroup differences regarding glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, S-100, interleukin-8, or substance P endopeptidase activity. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates increased concentrations of neurofilament and nociceptin in cerebrospinal fluid after nerve root compression. A simultaneous application of nucleus pulposus did not increase the response.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ectopic generation of impulses and cross-talk in spinal nerve roots of "dystrophic" mice.

In "dystrophic" mice, many spinal root axons are bare and closely apposed to one another in midroot. The direction of nerve impulse traffic in lubosacral spinal nerve roots was determined by biphasic recording of spontaneous activity. In normal mice, impulse traffic in dorsal and ventral roots is directed toward and away from the spinal cord, respectively. However, in spinal root fibers of dystrophic mice, impulses also originate in midroot and are propagated toward both the spinal cord and the periphery. Impulses originate in midroot as single isolated events, in bursts at frequencies of up to 100 Hz, or as continuous activity persisting for several minutes in single fibers. Ectopically arising activity in some single fibers is consistently associated with transmission of an impulse in another fiber past the site of origin of the ectopically arising impulse. Thus impulses arise in the spinal root axons of dystrophic mice both spontaneously and as a result of cross-talk between single fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The effects of the alpha2-adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine, in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain in rats.

UNLABELLED: Peripheral nerve injury may lead to neuropathic pain. Alpha2-adrenergic agonists acting in the descending inhibitory tracts of the spinal cord are effective in acute nociceptive, inflammatory, and, possibly, neuropathic pain. We studied the prevention and treatment of neuropathy with the selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine in male Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral peripheral mononeuropathy resulting from tight ligation of the L5 and L6 spinal nerves. Rats with ligation injury developed mechanical and cold allodynia, but not heat hyperalgesia. Dexmedetomidine (120 microg/kg subcutaneously [S.C.] 30 min before the injury) did not attenuate mechanical or cold allodynia. Dexmedetomidine infusions (60 microg/d for 7 days after the injury, or 30 microg/d for 7 days started 14 days after the injury) did not attenuate mechanical or cold allodynia in the ipsilateral paw, but they increased mechanical allodynia during the latter treatment in the paw contralateral to the injury. Atipamezole (1 mg/kg S.C.) induced mechanical and cold allodynia in rats that had not developed allodynia in 14 days after the injury. In conclusion, although alpha2-adrenergic mechanisms are recognized as important in the development of neuropathic pain-like symptoms in this animal model, we found no favorable effect from systemic treatment with dexmedetomidine at tolerable doses. IMPLICATIONS: We studied the prevention and treatment of nerve injury-induced pain with the alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine in an animal model. At tolerable doses, systemic dexmedetomidine neither prevented nor attenuated neuropathic pain behavior.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed2005

Anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of nociceptin receptor antagonist, JTC-801, in rats after spinal nerve injury and inflammation.

The effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor antagonist JTC-801 on allodynia and hyperalgesia were examined in rats in order to explore the involvement of N/OFQ system in these pathological pain states. Tactile allodynia induced by L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation was reversed by both systemic (3-30 mg/kg) and spinal (22.5 and 45 pg) JTC-801 in a dose-dependent manner. Concerning hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection into the hindpaw, JTC-801 dose-dependently suppressed the second phase, but not the first phase, of the licking behavior. Furthermore, systemic JTC-801 reduced Fos-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (laminae I/II). In conclusion, N/OFQ receptor antagonist JTC-801 exerted anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects in rats, suggesting that N/OFQ system might be involved in the modulation of neuropathic pain and inflammatory hyperalgesia.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed2003

Management of iatrogenic injury to the spinal accessory nerve.

Spinal accessory nerve injury results in a debilitating shoulder dysfunction. The trapezius is a major suspensory muscle of the shoulder girdle, and paralysis results in chronic pain and debility from disruption of synchronous scapulohumeral rhythm. This injury usually follows a simple posterior triangle lymph node biopsy and is treatable if appropriate measures are taken in a timely fashion. A major pitfall in early management is either failure to recognize or acknowledge the injury or hoping that it will resolve with conservative treatment. Variation of innervation of the trapezius alters clinical presentation and can make diagnosis difficult. We present a series of six patients with iatrogenic spinal accessory nerve injury following a neck node biopsy. Pain was the most common presenting symptom, and a loss of sustained abduction was the most common physical sign. Three patients had a primary nerve repair and the other three patients had nerve grafting. Maximum recovery time ranged from 4 to 10 months. All patients had varying degrees of recovery of motor function, and all six patients were 100 percent painfree. An algorithm for the management of this distressing condition emphasizes the importance of early referral and highlights the pitfalls in making an accurate diagnosis. Whereas conservative therapy is less predictable and needs careful selection, it also runs the risk of delaying a more effective surgical management. Early operative intervention is more definitive and has the best functional results. Prevention is key and is best achieved by avoiding unnecessary biopsies of the posterior triangle lymph node. When operating, knowledge of posterior neck anatomy and judicious use of the bipolar cautery and magnifying loupes are essential in preventing this problem.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1982

Effect of sodium- or chloride-deficient medium on fast axonal transport in frog spinal nerves.

Fast axonal transport of radiolabeled proteins was studied in vitro in desheathed spinal nerves from frog. The replacement of the NaCl of the medium by LiCl reduced by 58% the amount of radiolabeled proteins which accumulated at a ligature, but its replacement by choline chloride did not inhibit transport. The replacement of NaCl by sodium isethionate led to a 32% reduction in the quantity of protein-bound radioactivity at the ligature. The results suggest that Cl-ions are essential to maintain fast axonal transport, and that Na+ may also be important.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Changes in open-field behavior of rats following spinal nerve root sectioning.

The open-field behavior of of 30 laboratory albino rats was measured after selective unilateral sectioning of either the L2, L3, L4 or L5 spinal nerve root using a novel abdominal entry. Although treated subjects displayed observable motor dysfunction of the operated limb, no differences were found in open-field ambulation, rearing, defecation or urination based either on the level of the sectioned nerve root or on the day the behavior was measured, suggesting that there was an effect of the treatment not measurable by standard statistical procedures, quite possibly due to the small sample size.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Ligaments of the lumbosacral spine and their role in possible extraforaminal spinal nerve entrapment and tethering.

The extraforaminal ligaments of the lumbosacral spine were studied in 34 cadavers. The corporotransverse ligament attached to the body and transverse process of the same vertebra. The ligament may entrap the exiting nerve root below it in rotary subluxation or in complete disk space loss. The lumbosacral ligament extends from the transverse process of L5 and the L5-S1 disk to the sacral ala, forming the roof of the lumbosacral tunnel through which the L5 spinal nerve passes. This may be the site of extraforaminal entrapment if lateral disk herniations, osteophytes, or tumor metastasis are also present. The nerve suspensory ligament attaches to the nerve sheath and to the disk and is felt to be significant as a vehicle for mechanoreception.

Genetic Variation↗
PubMed1977

Multiple meningeal diverticula and cysts associated with duplications of the sheaths of spinal nerve posterior roots.

Multiple diverticula and cysts of the meninges were found during an anatomical dissection. They were associated with duplications of sheaths of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves. The diverticula and cysts appeared as simple flaccid corrugated dilatations of the sheaths, as ampullary expansions, as pediculated cysts, or as saccular dilatations of different sizes and locations. The duplication of the sheaths affected posterior roots of the thoracic nerves only. Some variations of the sheaths described in the literature are discussed. The possibility is considered that both conditions result from the same pathological factors in the embryo.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pathological studies of spinal nerve ganglia in relation to intractable intercostal pain.

Pathological examination, by light and electron microscopy, of spinal nerve ganglia surgically removed in treatment of intractable intercostal pain, has shown changes in sensory cells, whether the etiology of the pain has been trauma related to intercostal nerve, or infection by herpes zoster virus. The possible role of the sensory cell changes in accounting for causalgic type pain is discussed.

Ganglia, Spinal↗
PubMed1989

[Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in dorsal root ganglia and spinal nerve roots from an autopsy case of unusual familial ataxia with cerebrospinal fluid abnormality].

Studies were performed on the light and electron microscopic structures of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal nerve roots of the 4th lumbar nerve obtained by autopsy from a 49-year-old man with unusual familial ataxia, who showed varied neurological manifestations such as progressive ataxia, action tremors, pyramidal tract signs, mild deep sensory disturbances and autonomic dysfunctions during a 30-year period of illness, and had 2 siblings, one male and female, similarly affected and close consanguineous marriages in his family. On laboratory examinations, blood chemistry disclosed no significant findings. Repeated spinal taps showed constant xanthochromia and elevated protein in the cerebrospinal fluids. A PEG and cranial CTs revealed a progressive brain atrophy. NCVs and EMGs in the extremities were within normal limits. There was no chromosomal abnormality. Light microscopically, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions (IEIs) with pale rim, which showed varied sizes and rounded shapes, occurred within neurons in the DRG, particularly in small neurons. Many of the small neurons had numerous IEIs, and several rounded granules with a high degree of eosinophilia, measuring below 5 microns in diameter. Generally the small neurons showed atrophic, while most large neurons showed no remarkable change although they had a small number of IEIs and granules located in the perikaryal periphery. Most satellite cells, and some Schwann cells in the DRG, ventral and dorsal roots had IEIs similar to those seen in the neurons. No IEIs occurred intraaxonally, and there was seen no degenerative process in the DRG and roots except a connective tissue fiber proliferation in the DRG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ataxia↗