SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “PHOSPHORUS AND COMPOUNDS, RADIOACTIVE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Effects of phosphate-dissolving fungi on transformation, fixation and efficiency of fertilizer 32P].

By using a radioactive 32P-labeled technique, this paper studied the effects of P-dissolving Penicillium oxalicum P8 inoculum on the transformation, fixation and efficiency of fertilizer P. The results showed that the inoculum could prevent available P from fixation by soil, and promoted the uptake of applied P by maize and peanut. Additionally, it reduced the amount of Ca10-P fraction derived from available P, increased the pool of available P, and maintained more 32P in forms of Ca2-P and Ca8-P. With time extending, the ratio of Ca10-P fraction in soil was gradually increased, and the treatment with P. oxalicum P8 showed the lowest ratio of Ca10-P form, compared with treatment without P. oxalicum P8. The inoculum not only prevented available 32P from turning into Ca10-P form, but also had a longer effective period.

Arachis↗

PubMed1993

Relaxometry, animal biodistribution, and magnetic resonance imaging studies of some new gadolinium (III) macrocyclic phosphinate and phosphonate monoester complexes.

The Gd3+ complexes of three new phosphorus containing tetraaza macrocycles (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis (methylene ethylphosphonic acid), H4DOTEP; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis (methylene phosphonic acid monoethylester), H4DOTPME; and the corresponding n-butyl ester, H4DOTPMB) were prepared and examined for possible use as MRI contrast agents. Although thermodynamically and kinetically less stable than Gd(DOTA)- in saline and HSA solution, the stability of these new macrocyclic complexes appears to be sufficiently high for in vivo applications. NMRD relaxivity profiles of the three complexes indicate that the number of inner sphere water molecules for these chelates is < or = 1 and that the more hydrophobic chelate, Gd(DOTPMB), binds to human serum albumin (HSA). Biodistribution studies of the radioactive 153Sm or 159Gd chelates in rats, gamma imaging of the 153Sm chelates in rats, and proton MRI studies of the nonradioactive Gd3+ chelates in rabbits all indicate that the DOTPMB complexes accumulate preferentially in the liver, spleen, and small intestines while the more hydrophilic DOTEP and DOTPME complexes appear to display renal clearances similar to other low molecular weight contrast agents.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Solid-phase tyrosine-specific protein kinase assay in multiwell substrate-immobilized polyacrylamide gel.

Since tyrosine-specific protein kinase (TPK) is much less abundant than Ser/Thr-specific kinases in cells, determination of TPK activity in crude cell extracts or column chromatography eluates has been difficult. This is compounded by the absence of a rapid, economical method for the separation of high endogenous protein phosphorylation background from exogenously added tyrosine-containing substrates. We have developed a new solid-phase assay, which provides high sensitivity and efficiency at a low cost for assaying the TPK activity of crude enzyme preparations. This assay utilizes immobilized tyrosine-containing synthetic polymers such as (Glu:Tyr, 4:1)n in polyacrylamide gels. The kinase reaction is started by adding crude enzyme solutions and [tau-32P]ATP-metal ion mixtures into microtiter-size wells made in the gels. After the phosphorylation reaction, the reaction mixtures are removed and the gels are prewashed in water followed by electrophoresis to completely remove free radioactive ATP. 32P incorporation into the immobilized TPK-specific substrate can be detected by autoradiography and quantitated by cutting the gel pieces and counting them with a liquid scintillation counter. The simple, rapid method should facilitate screening of TPK inhibitors and activators as well as examining the substrate specificity of TPKs. Other enzymes, including Ser/Thr-specific protein kinases, can also be analyzed by this technique.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1993

Diaphragmatic fatigue assessed by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo.

We tested whether fatigue of the piglet diaphragm is associated with inadequate oxidative metabolism as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). An MRS measured ratio of inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine (Pi/PCr) > or = 1 was taken as evidence of inadequate oxidative metabolism. Piglets (n = 10) underwent phrenic nerve pacing for 90 min with stimulation frequency of 30 Hz and duty cycle of 0.33. In a separate group of six piglets PCr, Pi, ATP, and intracellular pH were measured by in vivo MRS, and diaphragmatic blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres at control, 2, 10, 45, 60, and 90 min of pacing. Transdiaphragmatic pressure fell from 25 +/- 3 to 15 +/- 2 mmHg (61 +/- 5%) at 2 min and remained depressed in a separate group of four piglets (P < 0.05). Conversely, compound action potential amplitude remained constant for the first 10 min of pacing and fell to 68 +/- 5% of control at 45 min (P < 0.05). Pi/PCr rose from a control value of 0.32 +/- 0.06 to 0.92 +/- 0.23 at 2 min and 0.79 +/- 0.03 at 10 min (P < 0.05) before returning toward control at 45-90 min. O2 delivery increased from 4.6 +/- 1.2 to 24.7 +/- 4.8 ml.min-1.100 g-1 at 2 min and 18.4 +/- 2.2 ml.min-1.100 g-1 at 10 min (P < 0.05) but then fell to lower levels at 45-90 min. ATP and intracellular pH remained constant except for a decline in pH to 6.98 +/- 0.09 at 45 min (P < 0.05) from the control value of 7.26 +/- 0.06.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1995

32P-postlabeling analysis of adducts generated by peroxidase-mediated binding of N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl to DNA.

32P-Postlabeling analysis of the bisphosphate derivatives was conducted to characterize the DNA adducts generated from the peroxidase-mediated activation of N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (N-OH-AABP). Autoradiography of the D1 chromatogram of the postlabeled DNA hydrolysate revealed a major adduct (adduct 1) that migrated at Rf 0.15. An adduct with similar chromatographic characteristics was also obtained by postlabeling the products generated by chemical interaction of: (i) 2',6'-dichlorobenzoyloxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl with the 3'-monophosphate of deoxyguanosine, and (ii) N-acetoxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (N-OAc-AABP) with calf thymus DNA. The adduct derived from chemical reaction exhibited the same mobilities on two-dimensional TLC as that obtained from the peroxidase-mediated DNA binding of N-OH-AABP. Moreover, on HPLC analyses, these bisphosphate derivatives exhibited identical retention times, suggesting that structurally they might be the same. Furthermore, adduct 1 was insensitive to digestion with nuclease P1. In addition to adduct 1, another minor adduct (adduct 2) was also detected in the peroxidase-mediated DNA binding of N-OH-AABP. The adduct 2 in D1 exhibited an Rf of 0.66. Adduct 2 was also observed in the DNA sample chemically interacted with N-OAc-AABP. Both these adducts retained the acetyl moiety, which was confirmed by the presence of radioactivity in the hydrolysate of DNA derived by interaction with N-OAc-[14C-acetyl]AABP (labeled at the N-acetyl group). Based on proton NMR and MS analyses of the 5'-phospho analogs of adducts 1 and 2, the structures of these have been identified as 3-(deoxyguanosine-N2-yl)-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (dG-N2-AABP) and N-(deoxyguanosine-8-yl)-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (dG-C8-AABP). Analyses of the DNA samples obtained from human uroepithelial cells following exposure to N-OH-AABP revealed primarily the non-acetylated derivative N-(deoxyguanosine-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-ABP) with trace amounts of dG-N2-AABP. These results suggest that in the target cells for 4-aminobiphenyl carcinogenesis, the prevalence of the peroxidase mediated activation reaction of N-OH-AABP is relatively minor compared to the acetyltransferase pathway.

Acetylation↗

PubMed1988

Colloidal chromic phosphate 32P synovectomy in antigen-induced arthritis in the rabbit.

Radioisotopes have been employed in the therapy of chronic arthritis, in particular, rheumatoid arthritis for many years. A variety of isotopes have been popularized, and in the last ten years a colloidal solution of radioactive chromic phosphate 32P has been in use apparently with equivalent efficacy to others such as 169erbium, 90yttrium, and 165dysprosium. No controlled studies on this modality have been reported and few animal studies were found. The efficacy of therapeutic doses of 32P as a medical synovectomy and its effect on rabbit joints with antigen-induced arthritis were observed in 62 arthritic knee joints in 31 adult rabbits treated on one side with 0.1 microCi of 32P, the opposite serving as control. The animals were observed over a period of 11 months and examined by histologic and biochemical means. The synovium showed no evidence of radiation necrosis in treated joints. Cartilage of treated and control joints showed similar changes consistent with chronic arthritis, persistent synovitis, progressive chondrocyte degeneration, and decreased matrix metachromasia. The radiosynovectomy had neither removed synovium nor protected the cartilage. Its efficacy in humans is therefore questionable.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Stereospecificity of inositol hexakisphosphate dephosphorylation by Paramecium phytase.

InsP6 is an abundant compound in many micro-organisms, plants and animal cells. Its function and route of synthesis are still largely unknown. Degradation of InsP6 is mediated by phytase, which in most organisms dephosphorylates InsP6 in a relatively non-specific way. In the micro-organism Paramecium, however, the enzyme has been shown to dephosphorylate InsP6 to InsP2 in a specific order, but its stereospecificity has not been established, i.e. the phosphates are removed in the sequence 6/5/4/3 or 6/5/4/1 or 4/5/6/1 or 4/5/6/3 [Freund, Mayr, Tietz and Schultz (1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 207, 359-367]. We have isolated the InsP4 intermediate and identified its absolute configuration as D-Ins(1,2,3,4)P4. Furthermore, degradation of [3,5-32P]InsP6 yielded a 32P-labelled InsP2 isomer, D-Ins(2,3)P2. These data demonstrate that Paramecium phytase removes the phosphates of InsP6 in the sequence 6/5/4/1. Knowing the stereochemical course of the enzyme, it can be used to elucidate the route of InsP6 synthesis, as it allows us to determine the specific radioactivity at individual positions of the molecular after pulse-labelling cells with [32P]P1 in vivo or [gamma-32P]ATP in vitro.

6-Phytase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of carcinogen-DNA adducts in exfoliated urothelial cells of cigarette smokers: association with smoking, hemoglobin adducts, and urinary mutagenicity.

The presence of covalent modifications in DNA obtained from exfoliated urothelial cells of smokers and nonsmokers was determined using 32P postlabeling methods. Urine and blood samples were procured from 73 persons. Cells were removed from the urine by filtration. DNA was isolated using an enzyme-solvent extraction method and then coprecipitated with glycogen. Sufficient DNA to detect 1 carcinogen-DNA adduct/10(9) normal nucleotides was obtained from 40 of the 73 samples. DNA was hydrolyzed to 3'-phosphodeoxynucleotides and then 32P postlabeled under conditions of excess [32P]ATP. Carcinogen-DNA adducts were resolved using anion-exchange thin-layer chromatography and visualized by autoradiography; film exposures lasted as long as 7 days. Twelve different carcinogen-DNA adducts and a diagonal zone of radioactivity could be found, but no sample contained all adducts. At least four adducts appeared to be cigarette smoking related. These adducts were from 2 to 20 times higher in the smokers than the nonsmokers. Two carcinogen-DNA adducts were qualitatively very similar to adducts described earlier in a study of human bladder biopsies. One of these corresponded to N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl. Adducts were correlated significantly with the levels of 4-aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts and number of cigarettes smoked. In addition, levels of the putative N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl adduct and a measure of total adducts were correlated with the mutagenic activity of the individual's urine. These data suggest that noninvasive, biological monitoring techniques can be applied to the study of carcinogen-DNA adducts in humans at high risk for bladder cancer.

Aminobiphenyl Compounds↗

PubMed1992

Storage phosphor imaging technique for detection and quantitation of DNA adducts measured by the 32P-postlabeling assay.

The 32P-postlabeling method has found wide application as a sensitive technique for detecting the presence of a broad range of bulky aromatic compounds covalently bound to DNA. In this method, the modified DNA is enzymatically degraded to 3'-mononucleotides and labeled with [32P]-phosphate at the 5'-position using [gamma-32P]ATP and T4 polynucleotide kinase. The 32P-labeled DNA digest is then chromatographed in two dimensions on polyethyleneimine - cellulose thin-layer plates. Screen-enhanced autoradiography is used to locate the presence of the radiolabeled adducts on the chromatogram, and the radioactive areas are generally excised and quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry. However, on a chromatogram with multiple adducts, it can be difficult to quantitative partially resolved adducts and evaluated background radioactivity levels. We have evaluated the use of storage phosphor imaging techniques to quantitate and map the radioactivity on chromatograms generated by the 32P-postlabeling method. The results showed that storage phosphor imaging was approximately 10 times more sensitive than screen-enhanced autoradiography at -80 degrees C for the detection of 32P, exhibits a greater linear range of response, has a resolution that compares favorably to film and has a lower background than does liquid scintillation spectrometry. Further, the generation of a digitized record of the distribution and intensity of radioactivity allows for computer-assisted assessment of adduct profiles and can facilitate quantitation of individual adducts and radioactive zones comprised of multiple overlapping adducts in complex chromatograms. Additionally, the permanent record created by the imaging technology permits facile retrospective analysis of samples, whereas with autoradiography and liquid scintillation spectrometry reanalysis of a replicate sample is required.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Identification of benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide N2-deoxyguanosine in human lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to cooking oil fumes from frying fish under domestic conditions.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women in Taiwan. Epidemiological studies of lung cancer in Chinese women indicate that factors other than cigarette smoking are related to lung cancer risk. One such factor may be exposure to carcinogens formed during the cooking of food. The carcinogenic compounds in oil smoke particulates from Chinese cooking practice have not yet been characterized. To reveal the relationship between the high mortality rate of lung cancer in Chinese women and exposure to cooking oil fumes (COF), DNA adduct formation, induced by COF collected from frying fish under domestic conditions, was assessed in human lung adenocarcinoma CL-3 cell lines using the (32)P-postlabeling assay. DNA adduct levels were induced by COF in CL-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. DNA adducts with a diagonal radioactive zone (DRZ) were observed when CL-3 cells were treated with COF. Surprisingly, only one spot of the DNA adduct profile was in the DRZ. The DNA adduct was analyzed by HPLC coupled with an on-line radioactive detector. The retention time of the major DNA adduct corresponded to that of authentic benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9, 10-epoxide N2-deoxyguanonsine (BPDE-N2-dG). Moreover, the mass spectrum of the major DNA adduct in CL-3 cells was confirmed to be BPDE-N2-dG by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. In conclusion, BPDE-N2-dG adduct formation in human lung cells supports epidemiological findings of an association between cooking fume exposure and lung cancer in Chinese women.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗

PubMed1990

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in lung tissue from lung cancer patients.

In an attempt to probe for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts in human subjects resulting from smoking (or other chronic environmental exposure), lung tissue and lung tumours were obtained from patients hospitalized for lung cancer. DNA was isolated from the tissue samples and examined both in an ELISA using a polyclonal antibody against (+/-)trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE)-DNA as well as by the nuclease P1-mediated modification of the 32P-post-labelling technique. The ELISA results showed BPDE-DNA antigenicity in lung DNA from 6 out of 21 patients, and adduct levels ranged from 2 to 134 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides. For all 21 patients, the autoradiographs of chromatograms of 32P-postlabelled digests of DNA from non-tumorous lung tissue showed a strong diagonal radioactive zone (DRZ). This DRZ was generally absent in tumorous tissue. DNA samples that were positive in the ELISA contained a dominant spot within the DRZ that co-chromatographed with the major BPDE-DNA adduct (BPDE-dG). The quantities of the BPDE-dG spots ranged from 2.1 to 42 adducts in 10(9) nucleotides. These values were lower than the levels found in the ELISA but correlated well with the ELISA results (Kendall W = 0.97; P = 0.00). The levels of the DRZ adducts ranged from 1.9 to 34 adducts in 10(8) nucleotides. Correlations between smoking and DNA adduct levels were poor because of the small number of current smokers (n = 13). However, smokers of filter cigarettes had significantly lower DNA adduct levels compared with smokers of cigarettes without a filter (P = 0.02 by Fischer's exact test).

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗

PubMed2003

Intraperitoneal radioactive phosphorus (32P) versus observation after negative second-look laparotomy for stage III ovarian carcinoma: a randomized trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this prospective randomized study of consolidation therapy were to evaluate recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and the morbidity of intraperitoneal (IP) chromic phosphate suspension (32P) therapy in patients with stage III epithelial ovarian carcinoma who have no detectable evidence of disease at the second-look laparotomy (SLL) procedure after primary chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a multi-institution clinical cooperative trial, 202 eligible patients with a negative SLL were randomly selected to receive either 15 mCi IP 32P (n = 104) or no further therapy (NFT; n = 98). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 63 months in living patients, 68 patients in the IP 32P group (65%) and 63 patients in the NFT group (64%) have developed tumor recurrence. The relative risk of recurrence is 0.90 (IP 32P to NFT) (90% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 1.19). The 5-year RFS rate is 42% and 36% for the IP 32P and NFT groups, respectively; the difference is not statistically significant (log-rank test, P =.27). There was no statistically significant difference in OS (P =.19). The relative risk of death is 0.85 (IP 32P to NFT) (90% CI, 0.62 to 1.16). Sixteen patients (8%) experienced grade 3 or 4 adverse effects, with eight in each respective group. CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal chromic phosphate did not decrease the risk of relapse or improve survival for patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer after a negative SLL. Despite complete pathologic remission at SLL after initial surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, 61% of stage III ovarian cancer patients had tumor recurrence within 5 years of negative SLL. This indicates a need for more effective initial therapy and further studies of consolidation therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

In vivo incorporation of cytidine-monophosphate-ciliatine into rat liver lipids.

1. In vivo this investigation was carried out in order to compare the incorporation into rat lipids of free [1,2-minus 14C]-ciliatine and CMP-[1,2-minus 14C]-ciliatine which is the precursor in phosphonolipid biosynthesis. 2. The incorporation of the radioactivity from CMP-[1,2-minus 14C]-ciliatine took place more rapidly than that from free [1,2-minus 14C]-ciliatine in both liver and kidney. The amount of radioactivity from the CMP-[1,2-minus 14C]-ciliatine incorporated into total liver lipids was about 5 times higher than that incorporated into total liver lipids of rat two hrs after injecting free-[1,2-minus 14C]-ciliatine. 3. The amount of [1,2-minus 14C]-ciliatine incorporated into total liver lipids was 15 and 21 times higher than that incorporated into total kidney lipids of rat two and four hrs after injecting free [1,2-minus 14C]-ciliatine. 4. If the main pathway for the phosphonolipid biosynthesis is via CMP-ciliatine, the rate of phosphonolipid formation from CMP-ciliatine must therefore be higher than that from free-ciliatine. The results obtained here indicate therefore that the main pathway for phosphonolipid biosynthesis is a pathway involving CMP-ciliatine. 5. An unknow compound was detected in the water soluble fraction of the acid hydrolyzate of liver phosphonolipids. This material migrated with the N-trimethyl-derivative of ciliatine on the thin-layer chromatogram. The result shows that there is therefore a possibility of methylation of exogenous ciliatine to the phosphonate analogue of choline in the mammalian body.

Aminoethylphosphonic Acid↗

PubMed1985

Coated vesicles contain a phosphatidylinositol kinase.

When coated vesicles (CVs) are incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, radioactivity is rapidly incorporated into a compound identified by thin layer chromatography as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. This activity has been identified in CVs isolated from bovine brain as well as from rat liver and chick embryo skeletal muscle. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinase is not separated from CVs during agarose electrophoresis, which produces CVs of greater than 95% purity, indicating that the activity present does not derive from contamination. The specific activity of these highly purified CVs was demonstrated to be approximately twice that of synaptic plasma membranes, further ruling out contamination from this source. The PI kinase remains associated with the vesicle upon removal of clathrin and its associated proteins and is solubilized by nonionic detergents, suggesting it is an integral membrane protein. We have been unable to demonstrate the formation of significant amounts of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in any of our CV preparations. In the presence of exogenous PI, activity is stimulated, with maximal phosphorylation occurring at 0.1 mM. The enzyme appears to be maximally stimulated by 200 mM MgCl2 and 1 mM ATP and is most active at pH 7.25. Calculations indicate that, under optimal conditions, approximately 25 molecules of PIP are produced per CV within 60 s, suggesting that these structures may play an important role in cellular PI metabolism.

1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase↗

PubMed1984

32P-post-labelling analysis of DNA adducts formed in the livers of animals treated with safrole, estragole and other naturally-occurring alkenylbenzenes. I. Adult female CD-1 mice.

The binding of a series of alkenylbenzenes to liver DNA of adult female CD-1 mice, isolated 24 h after i.p. administration of non-radioactive test compound (2 or 10 mg/mouse), was investigated by a modified 32P-post-labelling assay. The known hepatocarcinogens, safrole, estragole and methyleugenol, exhibited the strongest binding to mouse-liver DNA (1 adduct in 10 000 - 15 000 DNA nucleotides or 200 - 300 pmol adduct/mg DNA after administration of a 10 mg dose), while several related compounds, which have not been shown thus far to be carcinogenic in rodent bioassays, bound to mouse-liver DNA at 3 - 200x lower levels. The latter compounds included allylbenzene, anethole, myristicin, parsley apiol, dill apiol and elemicin. Eugenol did not bind. Low binding to mouse-liver DNA was also observed for the weak hepatocarcinogen, isosafrole. Two main 32P-labelled adducts, which appeared to be guanine derivatives, were detected for each of the binding chemicals on thin-layer chromatograms. The loss of safrole adducts from liver DNA was biphasic: a rapid loss during the first week (t 1/2 approximately 3 days) was followed by a much slower decline up to 20 weeks after treatment (t 1/2 approximately 2.5 months). Adducts formed by reaction of 1'-acetoxysafrole, a model ultimate carcinogen, with mouse-liver DNA in vitro were chromatographically identical to safrole-DNA adducts formed in vivo. Pretreatment with pentachlorophenol, a known inhibitor of sulphotransferases, inhibited the binding of safrole to mouse-liver DNA, providing further evidence that the metabolic activation of the allylbenzenes proceeds by the formation of 1'-hydroxy derivatives as proximate carcinogens and 1'-sulphoöxy derivatives as ultimate carcinogens.

Allylbenzene Derivatives↗

PubMed1988

Intraperitoneal chromic phosphate therapy after second-look laparotomy for ovarian cancer.

Between 1973 and 1985, 118 patients in clinical remission after initial surgery and postoperative chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian carcinoma underwent second-look laparotomy at the University of North Carolina. No evidence of disease (NED) was found in 57 of these patients; 43 patients received 15 mCi of radioactive chromic phosphate (32P) suspension given intraperitoneally in the immediate postoperative period. In 29 other patients, only microscopic or minimal residual disease (nodules less than 2 cm in size) was found, seven received 32P alone, ten received 32P and further chemotherapy, and 12 received chemotherapy alone. The 4-year postsecond-look survival of the patients with NED at second-look was 89% for those receiving 32P and 67% for those who had not. The respective figures for patients with minimal residual disease at second-look are 59% versus 22%. Irrespective of treatment, a group at high risk for failure after negative second-look laparotomy has been identified; those with an initial International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage greater than I and histologic grade greater than 1. A comparison of our data with 18 previously published series, indicates that use of postsecond-look intraperitoneal 32P can improve the progression-free interval, and possibly overall survival, of patients with NED or minimal residual disease without adding significant complications.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1979

Effects of glucose, chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid on phosphate efflux from pancreatic islets.

Collagenase-isolated pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob mice, containing more than 90% beta-cells, were labelled with radioactive orthophosphate (32P or 33P) and then subjected to non-recirculating perifusion. The basal D-glucose concentration in the perifusion medium was 2.8 mM. When the concentration was suddenly raised to 5.6, 8.3 or 16.7 mM, D-glucose promptly elicited a transient and dose-dependent release of radiophosphate. In the presence of 2.8 mM D-glucose, 0.1 mM of the poorly permeating sulphydryl blocker, chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid, also evoked a phosphate flush resembling the one induced by D-glucose. The basal radiophosphate release was partially inhibited by 1 mM 4-acetamido-4-'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid. However, the phosphate flush induced by 16.7 mM D-glucose was not noticeably inhibited by 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid. It is concluded that the phosphate flush emanates from beta-cells and that membrane sulphydryl groups may participate in its regulation. Although at least the basal phosphate release may in part represent transmembrane transport through 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid-sensitive anion channels, other mechanisms are also likely to participate in the glucose-induced phosphate flush.

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfo↗

PubMed1999

Occupational ingestion of P-32: the value of monitoring techniques to determine dose. A case report.

The purpose of this article is to described the analytical methods used to assess the internal dose from a P-32-labeled compound that was inadvertently ingested. Bioassay data, using the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP)-30 model, enabled the calculation of internal dose. Whole body counting (WBC) and urinary measurement with liquid scintillation counting were utilized to estimate the amount of radioactive material deposited in body organs. This metabolic model assumes that 80% of the material ingested is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract because P-32 is soluble. The time of the intake, a critical variable in this method, was estimated on the basis of urine contamination of clothing. Twenty-four-hour urine sampling over a 6-week period, coupled with daily WBC over the same period, was performed. Because P-32 does not emit photons, WBC relied on measuring the bremsstrahlung radiation produced as a result of interaction of beta radiation with the body's tissues. A P-32-spiked phantom was used as a control. Over the 6-week monitoring period, urinary results indicated an ingestion of 560 microCi of P-32, whereas WBC estimated on intake of 580 microCi. An assessment of the laboratory where the accident occurred indicated that approximately 600 microCi of radioactive phosphorous was missing. The total effective dose equivalent was estimated at 4.8 rem (48 mSv). On the basis of this study, the ICRP model appears to fit the data obtained from urine measurements and WBC. No symptoms were noted from the ingestion of 580 microCi. The committed organ doses were well within the occupational nonstochastic limits of 50 (0.5 Sv) permitted by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. These results were confirmed by NUREG/CR-4884 and commercial software (CINDY). This report confirms the value of using the ICRP-30 model with urinary measurements and WBC to estimate the dose received as a result of ingestion of radioactive P-32.

Accidents, Occupational↗