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Results for “Pasteurization”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

[Pseudomonas aeruginosa in raw and pasteurized milk].

Eighteen strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i.e. 8.87%, were isolated during a year from 203 samples of raw milk. Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, i.e. 4%, were isolated from 50 samples of pasteurized milk. The strains were isolated using propagation techniques in meat-peptone broth with malachite green and on selective media--on centrimide agar (CEM) and on Pseudomonas F agar. All the isolated strains produced protease, whereas lipase was produced by only five strains. The strains were devitalized when exposed to pasteurization temperatures (72 degrees C) for 20 seconds. At cold store temperatures (4 degrees C), Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain cells propagated on average by two orders, inhibitory effects of low temperatures were recorded only with one strain. Inhibitory effects of milk cultures (cream, yogurt) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed; their effects were more clear-cut at the temperature of 4 degrees C. The strains were markedly susceptible to gentamycin.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[A one-year collection of Culicidae in illuminated traps in the park around the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar in Tananarive].

Culicidae captures by light traps have been done, during one year and at regular intervals in the Madagascar Pasteur Institute's park in Tananarive. 3,350 individuals representing twenty species have been caught. Results show a great specific wealth, inter and intraspecific variations in space and time and this, particularly in relation with rain. Culex quinquefasciatus is in a widely commanding position. The Madagascar Pasteur Institute's park can be considered, by number of present species, as representative of Culicidae fauna of the Tananarive's country.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Fibrin glue safety: inactivation of potential viral contaminants by pasteurization of the human plasma components.

Fibrin glue has become an indispensable tool in salvaging operations of the parenchymatous organs of the abdomen, in vascular and ophthalmic plastic surgery as well as neurosurgery. Currently available glues contain clotting factors from human plasma and thus carry the potential risk of transmitting viral infections like hepatitis or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Combined efforts in selection of plasma donations as well as pasteurization of the human plasma products allow the manufacturing of a product (Beriplast) with virtually no risk of transmission of viral infections as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments with a variety of human pathogenic viruses. No changes in activity or antigenicity of the clotting factors by the pasteurization procedure have been encountered.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1986

[Listeria monocytogenes in pasteurized milk].

An haemolytic Listeria monocytogenes strain pathogenic to mice was isolated from 6 out of 28 (21.4%) pasteurized milk samples (3.2% fat milk treated at 78 degrees C for 15 s) marketed by a Madrid processing plant. Listeria grayi was recovered from 25 of the samples (89.2%) and L. innocua from 3 samples (10.7%). One milk sample was contaminated with L. welshimeri. No strains of L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, L. murrayi, or L. denitrificans were isolated. These results show that pathogenic Listeria strains can be isolated from pasteurized milk and reinforce the hypothesis that this food product may be the source of numerous human listeriosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Pasteur yeasts system, a test-kit for yeasts identification. Its evaluation in comparison with three commercial methods and conventional procedures.

The Pasteur Yeasts System is a commercial prepared kit and scheme for the rapid (48 h) identification of 23 yeasts belonging to 7 genera. The method consists of two parts: a gallery of media to evaluate germ tube production, urease activity, tetrazolium reduction, cycloheximide sensibility and fermentation of three carbohydrates, and an auxanographic method to determine the assimilation pattern of 16 carbohydrates. This system was tested in comparison with API 20 C Auxanogram, Mycotube, Candida Check and conventional procedures to identify 40 yeast strains. Pasteur Yeasts System provided correct identifications for 97.5% of the organisms and proved to have a high reproducibility, accuracy and reliability. The method is useful and facilitates the identification of pathogenic yeasts from clinical specimens in the routine laboratory.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1987

Massive outbreak of antimicrobial-resistant salmonellosis traced to pasteurized milk.

Two waves of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella typhimurium infections in Illinois totaling over 16 000 culture-confirmed cases were traced to two brands of pasteurized 2% milk produced by a single dairy plant. Salmonellosis was associated with taking antimicrobials before onset of illness. Two surveys to determine the number of persons who were actually affected yielded estimates of 168 791 and 197 581 persons, making this the largest outbreak of salmonellosis ever identified in the United States. The epidemic strain was easily identified because it had a rare antimicrobial resistance pattern and a highly unusual plasmid profile; study of stored isolates showed it had caused clusters of salmonellosis during the previous ten months that may have been related to the same plant, suggesting that the strain had persisted in the plant and repeatedly contaminated milk after pasteurization.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mineral homeostasis in very low birth weight infants fed either own mother's milk or pooled pasteurized preterm milk.

As part of a randomised controlled study to assess the effect of pasteurization of breast milk on the growth of very-low-birth-weight infants, the longitudinal changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and bone-gla-protein concentrations were investigated. Infants fed untreated own mother's milk grew more rapidly than those fed pasteurized pooled preterm milk and had higher serum alkaline phosphatase and lower phosphorus values. Serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations were similar in the two groups. Despite the provision of 750 IU vitamin D daily from the 2nd week of life, serum 25-OHD values remained low in a number of infants in both groups, suggesting that either malabsorption of vitamin D or hepatic immaturity might be responsible for the persistently low values. Bone-gla-protein rose significantly after birth and was correlated with alkaline phosphatase values, but not with 25-OHD or phosphorus values. The study supports previous work that indicates that the low phosphorus content of breast milk is probably responsible for biochemical evidence of inadequate bone mineralization and that despite vitamin D supplementation, 25-OHD values do not rise adequately. Thirty-six infants were reexamined between 4 and 11 months after birth. The 25-OHD values had risen significantly in all infants except one who had vitamin D deficiency rickets.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1980

From Pasteur to Mitchell: a hundred years of bioenergetics.

The discovery in 1861 by Louis Pasteur that more yeast is formed aerobically than anaerobically per gram of glucose was the first clue to the difference in efficiency of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. During the first half of the 20th century the pathway of glycolysis was untraveled. Individual enzymes and cofactors were isolated and characterized. A reconstituted system of all enzymes and cofactors catalyzed steady-state glycolysis, provided an appropriate ATPase was added. The need for an ATPase, clearly demonstrated in 1945 by Otto Meyerhof, remains an important aspect of glycolysis that has been sorely neglected by textbooks. The coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation and the formation of the high-energy intermediate 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, discovered by Otto Warburg, are the key reactions of glycolysis. A high-energy intermediate formed during this process was identified as a thiolester. Early concepts of the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation based on this model led to some frustrating and confusing years of search for high-energy intermediates. Important contributions from the laboratories of Boyer, Cohn, Chance, Green, Lardy, and Lehninger elucidated the properties of the mitochondrial process. Then Peter Mitchell proposed in 1961, 100 years after the publication by Pasteur, that the "high-energy intermediate" is an electrochemical proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain and utilized by a proton turbine (the mitochondrial ATPase complex) to generate ATP. This concept is now widely accepted. Several problems remain to be solved. How are the protons translocated during electron transport? How many protons per site? What is the mechanism of ATP generation during proton flux via the mitochondrial ATPase?

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed1980

[Differentiation of bacilli isolated from raw and pasteurized milk].

A study was carried out on the species composition, as well as on the biochemical characteristics of 190 strains of aerobic spore-forming microorganisms of the type Bacillus, isolated from fresh and pasteurized milk. The differentiation of bacilli was made following Petrova's diagram [4]. It was established that the bacillary strains studied referred to I morphological group--Bac. licheniformis 55.9%, Bac. subtilis 24.8%, Bac. puminis 14.7% and bac. cereus 4.6%. The results of the experiments that were carried out with regard to the most characteristic morphological, biochemical and cultural properties of bacilli of group I, coincided with the data in Petrova's diagram. The bacillary strains that were isolated showed high biochemical activity with regard to proteins and carbohydrates, which is of paramount importance for the hygiene and quality of fresh and pasteurized milk.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ability of blood protein, typical of normal growth, to activate glycolysis and inhibit the Pasteur reaction].

Formation of lactic acid by the extracts from the healthy rabbit muscles was studied as affected by the sera of embryos, newborn rabbits and pregnant female rabbits. The blood sera and beta-globulin isolated from them are established to activate anaerobic glycolysis and inhibit the Pasteur reaction. It is shown that protein typical of normal growth, belonging to beta-globulins and circulating in blood of the embryos, newborn rabbits from the first to the fifteenth day of development is "responsible" for this phenomena. Correlation is found between the precipitation test for detecting this protein and its biological effect on glycolysis and the Pasteur reaction.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1982

[Microflora in pasteurized fruit juices in Venezuela].

A total of 96 pasteurized fruit juice samples obtained at retail level and packed in pure-pak containers were analyzed, to determine their pH and mould yeasts counts. The isolated microflora were identified by macroscopic and microscopic techniques besides biochemical reactions. The pH rate values were the following: cocktail fruit, pH 2.3-4.3; orange, pH 2.8-3.7; passion fruit, pH 2.3-3.7; and tamarind, pH 2.5-3.7. The yeast and mould counts per ml were: cocktail fruit, 0-8.0 x 10(3), orange, 1.0 x 10(2)-4.5 x 10(3); passion fruit, 0-7.7 x 10(3), and tamarind, 0-6.0 x 10(2). The predominance of yeasts over the fungi in almost all the juices is evident; the only exception was tamarind juice. The genera of the yeasts commonly isolated were: Candida, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces and Pichia, and among the fungi: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. Yeasts are probably the main cause of spoilage in these pasteurized fruit juices.

Beverages↗

PubMed1995

[Evolution of the Mycobacteria Laboratory of the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar from 1991 to 1994].

In 1991, the Laboratory of Mycobacteria was a small laboratory, part of the Clinical Biology Centre (CBC) of the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar: 656 pathological samples have been analysed for the account of the CBC and the National Control Programme activities. Within 4 years, the number of samples tested increased by more than threefold and the technical ability has evolved in an important way, specially for the identification and the antibiotic sensitivity testing. The scientific equipment have been modernized and the rooms surface increased by fourfold. In 1995, this laboratory was officially designated as the National Reference Laboratory for the culture, the identification and antibiogramme for the account of the National Control programme and for the private clinicians. It also participates to the tuberculosis research programmes of Institut Pasteur de Madagascar. It is associated to the Laboratory of Mycobacteria in the Institut d'Hygiène Sociale of Antananarivo which is the National Reference Laboratory for the bacilloscopy, the teaching and the supervision of the peripheral laboratories.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed1995

[During the centenary of Pasteur's death (1822-1895)].

Pasteur had annoying opponents at the Medical Academy of Paris, probably because he was not a physician. The medical aspect of his creation reached highest altitude when he vaccinated the boy José Meister against rabies. By that time, he was crippled by a hemiplegia suffered when he was 46 years old. Studying tartric acid isomer, Pasteur discovered molecular asymmetry. He hypothesized that life operated asymmetrically, when he discovered the selectivity of Penicillium glaucum fungus action on paratartrates. He discovered anaerobic life and discarded the theory of spontaneous generation. At the age of 70, he received the gratitude of France and the whole mankind, through President Carnot. On that occasion he said to youngsters "Live in the calm peace of laboratories and libraries. Ask yourselves: What have I done for my instruction?, What have I done for my country?, until the moment that you reach the immense happiness of thinking that you have contributed to mankind's progress and welfare."

Anniversaries and Special Events↗

PubMed1996

Low dose Pasteur bacillus Calmette-Guerin regimen in stage T1, grade 3 bladder cancer therapy.

PURPOSE: We assessed the effectiveness of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for high risk transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 51 patients with stage T1, grade 3 disease was treated with weekly instillations of 75 mg. Pasteur strain BCG for 6 weeks after transurethral resection for bladder cancer. An additional induction course was given to patients with relapse. Tumor-free patients followed a maintenance course with monthly instillations for 12 months. RESULTS: After the initial induction course 37 of 51 patients (72.5%) remained tumor-free. A second induction course was necessary in 13 patients. After 1 or 2 induction courses 44 of 51 patients (86.3%) were tumor-free. The maintenance course was administered to 44 patients, with 41 remaining tumor-free. After a median followup of 33 months (range 3 to 63) 28 patients (54.9%) were disease-free, 12 (23.5%) had recurrent tumors and 7 (13.7%) had progression. The risk of treatment failure was significantly greater for solid than papillary tumors (p = 0.0006), recurrent than primary tumors (p = 0.0052) and coexisting carcinoma in situ (p = 0.124) in multivariate analysis, and for early recurrence (p = 0.0001) in univariate analysis only. The drug was well tolerated with few side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that this low dose Pasteur BCG regimen is effective in the treatment of high risk superficial bladder cancer. Some tumor characteristics, such as solid appearance, coexisting carcinoma in situ, history of superficial transitional cell carcinoma and early relapse after the initial induction course, seem to be negative prognostic factors.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1996

Effect of microwave radiation, pasteurization and lyophilization on the ability of human milk to inhibit Escherichia coli adherence to HEp-2 cells.

The effect of different physical treatments on the ability of colostrum and human milk to inhibit the adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) to human epithelial cells was studied. Pools of colostrum and milk were submitted to microwave radiation, pasteurization or lyophilization, and then tested for the ability to inhibit the adherence of EPEC O111:H- to HEp-2 cells. The inhibitory effect of untreated colostrum and human milk on localized adherence was not significantly modified after exposure to any treatment. The total protein values of colostrum and milk were maintained, but IgA concentration and colostral anti-EPEC IgA were reduced after pasteurization. Nevertheless, the remaining IgA was sufficient to be effective in adhesion inhibition assay. Western blotting assays carried out with EPEC antigens showed that the treated and untreated pools recognize a 94-kDa outer-membrane protein which molecular weight is compatible with intimin, an EPEC adhesin related to bacterial attachment to epithelial cells. These results suggest that the protection of colostrum and milk to infantile diarrhoea due to EPEC remains unalterable after the physical treatments studied.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗

PubMed1996

[Pasteur's neurologic disease].

Based on Pasteur's own documents and studies devoted to him, we reconstruct the clinical presentation of his disease. At the age of 46, Pasteur suffered a left hemiplegia, probably with definitive dequellae related to a cavernoma. Ten years later, he developed signs of disturbed expression then a pseudo-bulbar syndrome. Possible causes are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Presence of antibiotics in pasteurized milk distributed in Costa Rica hospital nutrition services].

Two hundred samples of pasteurized milk collected from nutrition services of ten hospitals in Costa Rica, were evaluated for the presence of antibiotics residues. Bacterial inhibitory growth test were used to detect inhibitory substances. It was found that 13% (N = 200) of the samples were contaminated, with variations from 0% to 35% (N = 20) in the different hospitals tested. The larger number of positive samples corresponds to lactic industries that supply 70% of the hospital's requirements of pasteurized milk.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Dominant C2 domain epitope specificity of inhibitor antibodies elicited by a heat pasteurized product, factor VIII CPS-P, in previously treated hemophilia A patients without inhibitors.

From June, 1990, to November, 1991, in The Netherlands and Belgium, 16 previously treated severe hemophilia A patients (PTP) developed inhibitors after exposure to factor VIII CPS-P, a new heat pasteurized product. A previously untreated patient (PUP) also developed an inhibitor to CPS-P. In inhibitor neutralization assays with recombinant fVIII C2 and A2 domain polypeptides, plasmas from 14 PTPs were > or = 79% neutralized by C2 and < 10% by A2, but the PUP plasma was partially neutralized by C2 (48%) and A2 (28%). Immunoprecipitation assays of the PTP and PUP plasmas with the fVIII heavy chain and with recombinant C2 and A3-C1 polypeptides confirmed that the C2 dominant immune response to CPS-P was found only in the PTPs. Competition of the binding of 2 inhibitors to 125I-CPS-P by unlabeled CPS-P and another plasma fVIII was similar, demonstrating that the antibody response was not directed to epitopes only present in CPS-P. We propose that the immunogenicity of the CPS-P C2 domain was altered by heat pasteurization.

Adolescent↗