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Results for “Radioallergosorbent Test”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Fatal reactions to hymenoptera stings.

Previous studies measuring immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in postmortem sera for determining the cause of fatal anaphylaxis have reported only single cases or small groups. Recently, more attention has been paid to reports of patients with venom allergies who are negative by venom skin testing, by in vitro testing or by both tests. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of postmortem-specific IgE antibody testing in venom anaphylactic death and the range of antibody levels found. Radioallergosorbent testing was performed on sera from three groups: 51 anaphylactic deaths from insect stings, 20 anaphylactic/anaphylactoid deaths from food and drugs, and 31 control subjects. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, and receiver operating characteristic curve. The sera in the sting death group were significantly different from the other two groups, which were not statistically different from each other. The maximal sensitivity of the radioallergosorbent test was 90% at 0.35 ng/mL, and the optimal sensitivity was 73% with a specificity of 86% at 0.54 ng/mL. IgE antibody could not be detected in 10% of the sting death sera and levels from 0.35 to 0.65 ng/mL were found in 24%. The level of specific IgE antibodies against venoms is not predictive of the severity of anaphylactic reaction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Follow-up problems and changes in obliteration of the residual cystic cavity after treatment for hepatic hydatidosis.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: In this prospective open clinical study, we investigated the problems that might arise during the obliteration of the residual cavity in hepatic hydatidosis. These problems might be related to the duration of the obliteration period and to the effects of omentoplasty on the residual cavity. METHODS: We operated on 54 hepatic hydatidosis patients with cystodrainage and omentoplasty. We followed these patients for a period of 8 years after the operation. We used ultrasonography (US) to evaluate the obliteration of the cystic cavity; evaluations were made by serological tests as well (hemagglutination test, IHA, and IgE radioallergosorbent test, RAST). RESULTS: Most of the reductions in the size of the cystic cavity were observed within the first 30 days following the operation (69.7%). At the end of the first postoperative year, cystic cavity obliteration was not complete in 34 patients, and 5 of these cases had positive indirect IHA and IgE RAST tests for Echinococcus granulosus. These patients were treated with extension of albendazol therapy. In 2 of these 5 patients, obliteration of the cystic cavity was complete within 12 months; their serological tests became negative at 15 and 21 months, respectively. In the remaining 3 whose serological tests were still positive at the end of the first year, obliteration of the cystic cavity was complete by 27, 33, and 45 months respectively. Of these 3 patients, the tests became negative at 30 and 52 months for the first 2 patients; the last patient is still serologically positive although we have not determined any findings related to the recurrence of the cyst. CONCLUSIONS: Omentoplasty is the preferred method in the surgical treatment of hepatic hydatidosis. However, we should keep the following facts in mind while following these patients with US: the technique can be insufficient, the obliteration of the residual cavity takes time and can be misdiagnosed as a recurrence, and ultrasonographic appearances can mimic some other diseases whether they are benign or malignant. Moreover, follow-up studies should be complemented with the serological tests. Thus, all these steps will minimize a misdiagnosis and unnecessary reoperations for hepatic hydatidosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Localized and systemic hypersensitivity reactions to human seminal fluid.

Reaginic humoral antibodies to human seminal plasma were present in two women with systemic reactions. In one patient, IgE antibodies were demonstrated by direct skin tests, leukocyte histamine release, passive transfer to a nonallergic human recipient, the radioallergosorbent test, inhibition of the radioallergosorbent test and neutralization of passive transfer antibodies. A similar mechanism was established in the other case by direct skin tests and antigen-induced leukocyte histamine release. Sephadex G-100 fraction 2, derived from human seminal plasma, showed greater reaginic activity than other chromatographic fractions. Two other patients with histories of localized reactions did not develop humoral antibodies but did evince cell-mediated immunity to seminal fluid antigens. One patient with localized reactions also had significant titers of IgM and IgG sperm agglutinating antibodies to seminal plasma. Both reaginic and cell-mediated sensitization to human sperm extract were also observed in this series of patients. Histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of all patients and their sexual partners showed a marked degree of shared histocompatibility focus antigens in members of each of two couples.

Female↗

PubMed1995

Occupational allergy to adult chironomid midges among environmental researchers.

A case of occupational allergy to chironomid midges in research work is described. A researcher was exposed to adult chironomid midges during his research and developed allergic rhinitis after 10 years of such exposure. Using the midge extract of adult Chironomus plumosus (CP) (Linnaeus, 1758), both immediate skin test and the ophthalmic challenge test gave positive results. IgE antibody against adult CP was also demonstrated by the radioallergosorbent test. Four of the five serum samples of the environmental researcher examined showed a positive radioallergosorbent test to at least one of the adult midges breeding around eutrophic Japanese lakes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition test and immunoblot experiments indicated that the remaining hemoglobin is one of the major allergens of adult CP. These results demonstrate that the exposure to adult chironomid midges is an important occupational hazard among environmental researchers.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Identification of a Brazil-nut allergen in transgenic soybeans.

BACKGROUND: The nutritional quality of soybeans (Glycine max) is compromised by a relative deficiency of methionine in the protein fraction of the seeds. To improve the nutritional quality, methionine-rich 2S albumin from the Brazil nut (Betholletia excelsa) has been introduced into transgenic soybeans. Since the Brazil nut is a known allergenic food, we assessed the allergenicity of the 2S albumin. METHODS: The ability of proteins in transgenic and non-transgenic soybeans, Brazil nuts, and purified 2S albumin to bind to IgE in serum from subjects allergic to Brazil nuts was determined by radioallergosorbent tests (4 subjects) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (9 subjects) with immunoblotting and autoradiography. Three subjects also underwent skin-prick testing with extracts of soybean, transgenic soybean, and Brazil nut. RESULTS: On radioallergosorbent testing of pooled serum from four subjects allergic to Brazil nuts, protein extracts of transgenic soybean inhibited binding of IgE to Brazil-nut proteins. On immunoblotting, serum IgE from eight of nine subjects bound to purified 2S albumin from the Brazil nut and the transgenic soybean. On skin-prick testing, three subjects had positive reactions to extracts of Brazil nut and transgenic soybean and negative reactions to soybean extract. CONCLUSIONS: The 2S albumin is probably a major Brazil-nut allergen, and the transgenic soybeans analyzed in this study contain this protein. Our study show that an allergen from a food known to be allergenic can be transferred into another food by genetic engineering.

2S Albumins, Plant↗

PubMed1982

RAST in the diagnostic of dog dander allergy. A comparison between three allergen preparations using two variants of RAST.

The results of the skin, bronchial or conjunctival provocation tests and of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with dog dander and hair extract preparations from two different producers were compared. 202 asthmatic children were included in the study. The clinical tests, Al-RAST and paper RAST, were performed using only one allergen preparation (Hu073), while two allergen preparations (e2 and e5) were used in Phadebas RAST. A good correlation was generally found between the results of the clinical diagnostic tests, the clinical history and the results of RAST. Phadebas RAST e2 was the most specific but the least sensitive: it gave a class 0 result in 18% and class 3-4 in 34.5% of the subjects with a positive provocation test. The corresponding numbers for e5 RAST were 6.0% and 70.2%, respectively. Al-RAST was equally sensitive, but had lower specificity than Phadebas RAST e5. The correlation between Phadebas RAST e5 and paper RAST Hu 073 was excellent, which indicates a remarkable similarity between these allergen extracts. Using sensitive, immunochemically standardized Phadebas RAST e5 or Al-RAST methods, classes 0-1 can be regarded as negative, class 2 as doubtful and classes 3-4 as clinically positive results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

IgE antibodies to omega-5 gliadin in children with wheat-induced anaphylaxis.

BACKGROUND: Wheat can cause severe immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated systemic reactions including anaphylaxis but knowledge on relevant wheat allergens at the molecular level is scanty. METHODS: Seven children (aged from 6 months to 13 years) experiencing from 2 to 10 anaphylactic reactions in a year after eating food-containing wheat were examined. Purified omega-5 gliadin was used as an allergen in IgE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and in skin prick testing (SPT). Wheat CAP radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and SPT were also examined. RESULTS: All seven anaphylactic children, but none of 15 control subjects had IgE antibodies to omega-5 gliadin in ELISA. Five of the six tested anaphylactic children showed positive SPT to omega-5 and crude gliadin, and all seven had positive wheat CAP RAST and SPT. One child was challenged with wheat, which caused anaphylaxis. After adherence to a wheat-free diet four children remained symptomless and three experienced one to two anaphylactic reactions. CONCLUSION: The present results show that wheat omega-5 gliadin is a major sensitizing allergen in children with wheat-induced anaphylaxis. They also suggest that omega-5 gliadin IgE ELISA could be used as a diagnostic test for this severe allergy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Allergens of mammalian origin V. Properties of extracts derived from the domestic cat.

Eight commercial cat dander extracts and two pelt extracts derived from mongrel and Siamese cats were compared. Cat allergn 1 and cat albumin were measured by radial immunodiffusion. Allergenic activity was evaluated by prick test and a modified radioallergosorbent test. In the latter, the dilution of each extract that produced 50% inhibition of binding of IgE antibodies to insolubilized cat allergen 1 (RAST 1) and insolubilized cat serum (RAST 2) was determind. The total non-dialysable solid content of the extracts did not correlate with any other parameter. Cat allergen 1 content determined by radial immunodiffusion correlated with average prick test results in ten cat-sensitive subjects and with RAST 1 activity. Cat albumin content correlated weakly with RAST 2 activity but not with any other measure of allergenic activity. Absorption of each extract with the gamma-globulin fraction of rabbit antiserum to cat allergen 1 significantly reduced prick test reactivity and RAST 1 activity, but not RAST 2 activity. These results indicate that cat allergen 1 is an important allergen in cat dander extracts and its measurement may be used to standardize the allergenic activity of such extracts.

Albumins↗

PubMed2001

In vitro T-cell responses to beta-lactam drugs in immediate and nonimmediate allergic reactions.

BACKGROUND: beta-Lactam drugs may induce both cellular and humoral allergic reactions, and there is evidence that T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of these reactions. The aim of this work was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) as an in vitro diagnostic tool, in patients with either an immediate or a nonimmediate reaction to penicillin G and/or amoxicillin. METHODS: Fifty patients with a well-documented history of allergic reactions to beta-lactams (31 immediate and 19 nonimmediate) were studied by means of skin tests (prick and intradermal), radioallergosorbent test (RAST), and, when necessary, controlled administration of the drug. Twenty-eight healthy subjects with good tolerance to penicillins served as controls. LTT was performed in all subjects. RESULTS: Skin tests were positive in 77.4% of the patients with immediate reactions and in 36.8% of those with nonimmediate reactions. The overall sensitivity of LTT in the allergic patients was 62%, but, when analyzed separately, sensitivity was 64.5% for the immediate group and 57.9% for the nonimmediate group. The LTT specificity was 92.8%. CONCLUSION: The LTT should be considered a useful in vitro diagnostic tool to identify subjects allergic to penicillins, especially patients with nonimmediate reactions where the LTT has a better diagnostic value than skin tests. Interestingly, positive T-cell proliferative responses can be observed 10 or more years after the occurrence of the reaction without further exposure to the drug.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Levels of eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase from chronic middle ear effusion in patients with allergy and/or acute infection.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Allergy may play a role in the middle ear inflammation that leads to otitis media with effusion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an elevated mediator correlated with the patient's disease and thus could be used to differentiate allergy vs. infection as the cause of the middle ear inflammation. METHODS: WE evaluated 57 individuals with otitis media with effusion, 32 with persistent effusion but no recent acute infection, 14 with recent infection and purulent otitis media with effusion, and II healthy subjects. The mediator activity of eosinophils and neutrophils in effusion was studied in patients characterized as having allergy by positive intradermal skin test results and positive radioallergosorbent test results. Eosinophils were characterized by measurement of eosinophil cationic protein in the effusion. Neutrophils were characterized by measurement of myeloperoxidase in the effusion. The levels of eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase in patients with and without allergy were correlated to patient history. RESULTS: Significantly elevated levels of both eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase indicated that inflammation in the ear of patients with otitis media with effusion was characterized by a pronounced involvement of both eosinophils and neutrophils. Eighty-nine percent of all patients with disease had allergy. A higher ratio of myeloperoxidase to eosinophil cationic protein in patients with purulent otitis media with effusion indicated that in patients with a superimposed acute infection, neutrophil activity was increased even further. The level of eosinophil cationic protein was elevated only during the effusion of patients with allergies as compared with controls (p < 0.01). Among 29 cases of nonpurulent otitis media with effusion, 96.5% had allergic immune-mediated disease proved by skin testing, which was related clinically to their ear disease. Eighty-nine percent (89.6%) of these patients had eosinophil cationic protein levels greater than 10 microgram/L. CONCLUSION: Middle ear eosinophil cationic protein may be used as a marker of related allergy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Studies on the in vitro effects of auto-anti-IgE. Inhibition of total and specific serum IgE detection by a human IgG autoantibody to IgE.

We isolated a human IgG anti IgE autoantibody by affinity chromatography on a myelomatous IgE (N.D.) coated Sepharose column, from the serum of a patient with atopic eczema, and probed its ability to inhibit IgE recognition by heteroantisera to IgE used in commonly available assays for serum total and specific IgE determinations (Paper radio-immunosorbent test--PRIST and Phadezym radioallergosorbent test--RAST, both from Pharmacia, Uppsala--Sweden). Our results indicate that IgG anti IgE decrease total IgE results by 10-90% according to its weight ratio to IgE molecules present in samples devoid of endogeneous anti-IgE. Sera with high content of specific IgE to house dust mite (RAST class 3 or 4) are less affected by this autoantibody, but RAST class 2 may be significantly lowered when purified IgG anti IgE is added. These data imply that anti IgE can affect both total and specific IgE determinations.

Allergens↗

PubMed1979

Transient hypogammaglobulinemia, elevated immunoglobulin E levels, and food allergy.

Four infants presented with the combination of food allergy, transient hypogammaglobulinemia (THI), and elevated serum IgE levels. Food allergy was documented by history, positive skin tests for immediate hypersensitivity, radioallergosorbent test, histamine release studies, and lymphocyte transformation in response to food allergens. THI was probably secondary to decreased production since there was no evidence of protein loss from the gastrointestinal tract. Immunologic studies revealed normal B cell number and function in vitro. T cell number and proliferative response to mitogens and antigens were normal but T cells were deficient in their ability to generate helper factors necessary for B cell maturation into immunoglobulin secretory cells. The THI and the deficient production of T cell--helper factor resolved after the age of 20 to 24 mo. A defect in immunoregulation may be responsible for the immunologic abnormalities observed in these patients and their propensity to develop IgE antibodies to food allergens.

Agammaglobulinemia↗

PubMed2003

Abnormalities of Th1 function in non-IgE food allergy, celiac disease, and ileal lymphonodular hyperplasia: a new relationship?

BACKGROUND: Non-IgE mechanisms may also be involved food allergy (FA). Our group has been studying the immunopathogenesis clinical entities in children with gastro-intestinal symptoms and in whom biopsies of the terminal ileum show lymphoid tissue masses referred to as ileal lymphonodular hyperplasia. Our more recent studies have demonstrated Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles associated with non-IgE FA and other clinical entities. OBJECTIVE: We investigated 12 subjects with non-IgE FA (group 1) and 4 subjects with celiac disease (group 2). Cytokine profiles and immunologic studies of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and from gastro-intestinal biopsy tissues from patients in groups 1 and 2 were also evaluated. METHODS: Group 1 consisted of 12 children with clinical symptoms of anorexia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The diagnosis of non-IgE FA was established by positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge and reduced or negative immediate-type skin testing and negative IgE radioallergosorbent tests. Group 2 consisted of four patients with celiac disease and three adult females with biopsy-proven clinical symptoms of celiac disease. RESULTS: In group 1, peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte distributions were normal, with a predominance of CD4+ cells with a decreased intracellular Th1 cytokine pattern and a normal Th2 intracellular cytokine pattern. In contrast, all four patients in group 2 not only displayed abnormal CD4 and CD8 peripheral blood lymphocyte distributions (CD8 > CD4), but also an abnormal predominance of CD4+ cells with an increased Th1 and a normal Th2 cytokine pattern. A similar abnormal pattern of CD4 > CD8 ratio was observed in intestinal biopsies. All 12 patients in group 1 showed lymphonodular hyperplasia in each of the biopsies and by ileoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that abnormalities in Th1 function may not only play a role in some patients with non--IgE-mediated FA in whom decreased Th1 function is seen, but also in patients with celiac disease in whom an increased Th1 function is seen. The studies also suggest that lymphonodular hyperplasia may be a hallmark histologic lesion in patients with non--IgE-mediated FA.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2003

Indoor mold spore exposure: a possible factor in the etiology of multifocal choroiditis.

PURPOSE: To report on the correlation between indoor mold exposure and a case of multifocal choroiditis (MFC). DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: A 37-year-old woman diagnosed with MFC who had had extensive mold exposure underwent an allergic evaluation, including a comprehensive environmental history, physical examination, radioallergosorbent test, and skin testing. RESULTS: The patient's vision deteriorated after numerous recurrences of MFC triggered by exposure to extremely high mold environments (mold counts recorded between 3,000 and 13,000 mold spores/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to high indoor mold count environments may be a factor in the etiology of MFC. Further studies are indicated.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Immunotherapy in spring-time hay fever. A clinical and immunological study comparing two different treatment extract compositions.

In a study of the efficacy of two different treatment schedules for perennial immunotherapy, 47 adult patients with spring-time hay fever due to allergy against birch and other deciduous trees were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: one group received birch, alder and hazel allergen in Allpyral, another group received the same Allpyral mixture and in addition all relevant tree pollens in aqueous extract and a control group received no injections. For determination of antibody titres the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) technique were used. Cellular responsiveness was studied by measuring birch pollen (BP) induced leucocyte histamine release in peripheral blood. The clinical and immunological response was similar in the two treated groups. Treated patients had less symptoms and a lower consumption of antihistamine tablets during the pollen season than the control group. Non-IgE BP antibodies and IgE antibodies recorded with the ASP technique increased after immunotherapy while RAST values did not change significantly. A decrease of RAST values from postseasonal values during the first year to preseasonal values in the following year was seen in all patient groups but was less pronounced in treated than in untreated patients. The decrease was more pronounced in patients with high RAST values of postseasonal sera than in patients with low RAST values. Cellular reactivity increased slightly during the first phase of therapy but returned to the pre-treatment level later. Clinical improvement was positively correlated to the percentage increase of non-IgE antibody titre and to the pre-treatment non-IgE/IgE antibody ratio. Patients with high preseasonal RAST titres or high cellular sensitivity tended to have more severe symptoms during the pollen season. It is concluded that a mixture of birch, alder and hazel is sufficient for immunotherapy in spring-term hay fever. It is obvious that changes of a single immunological variable do not account for the therapeutic results in immunotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Comparison of venom and whole-body rast and intradermal testing in vespid-sensitive patients.

14 patients clinically hypersensitive to vespid sting by history, 6 patients with large local reactions and 10 control subjects were skin tested with serial two- and tenfold dilutions of venom and whole-body extract of yellow jacket, wasp, and white-faced hornet antigens. Radioallergosorbent test determinations with the same antigens were also made. Determination of minimal reactive dose by skin testing distinguished control and hypersensitive patients groups for all three antigens using either venom or whole body extract. Yellow jacket venom skin testing detected 12 of 14 patients considered clinically hypersensitive. This was not the case with the other two venoms, possibly because most of the patients were yellow jacket sensitive, or any of the whole-body extracts. The Radioallergosorbent test was less useful than venom skin testing in detecting patients considered clinically sensitive.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Clinical significance of the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) in asthmatic children in Japan.

Clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the role of the house dust mite. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, as an allergen in children's asthma in Japan. Skin testing and Prausnitz-Küstner type skin testing showed good correlations between the allergenicity of house dust and the mite. A positive Prausnitz-Küstner type skin reaction to house dust was neutralized by a mite extract. Radioallergosorbent test showed good correlation between house dust and the mite (r=0.687). The mite exhibited in vitro inhibition of radioallergosorbent test to house dust. The inhalation provocation test resulted in an acute respiratory attack in one of the patients. These results suggest that the house dust mite is an important allergen in asthmatic children in Japan.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Contact urticaria and anaphylaxis to latex.

Contact urticaria and anaphylaxis to latex is reported in two patients. One case was associated with oral and vaginal exposure to a condom and the other with rectal exposure to a latex glove. Both patients had positive reactions to scratch or prick tests to pieces of latex, as well as latex radioallergosorbent test (RAST). The diagnosis of contact urticaria to latex is difficult to make on the basis of history alone.

Anaphylaxis↗