PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Respiratory System Abnormalities”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Endoscopic findings in the upper respiratory tract of 678 Thoroughbred racehorses.

The frequency of upper respiratory tract abnormalities was determined in a selected population of racing Thoroughbreds. The prevalence of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia was 34.2%; left laryngeal hemiplegia was 1.8%; and epiglottic entrapment was 0.74%. Excluding pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia and tracheal exudate, 3.7% of the population examined had upper respiratory tract abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Serotonin 1A receptor agonists reverse respiratory abnormalities in spinal cord-injured rats.

Contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) at T8 produces respiratory abnormalities in conscious rats breathing room air and challenged with CO2. In seeking ways to improve respiration after SCI, we tested drugs that stimulate serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors, based on our previous findings that these agents can counteract respiratory depression produced by morphine overdose. Respiratory function was measured with a head-out plethysmograph system in conscious rats. T8 SCI rats (n = 5) showed decreased tidal volume (Vt; 0.90 +/- 0.02-0.66 +/- 0.03 ml; p < 0.05) and increased respiratory rate (f;91 +/- 3.7-132 +/- 5.7 breaths/min; p < 0.05) with room air ventilation at 24 hr after injury. They also exhibited a diminished response to the respiratory stimulating effect of 7% CO2; minute ventilation increased to 250 +/- 17 ml/min before, but only to 162 +/- 15 ml/min at 24 hr after SCI (p < 0.05). Respiratory deficits during room air ventilation were also observed at 7 d after injury (n = 3). Treatment with the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylmino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; 250 microg/kg, i.p.) at 24 hr (n = 5) or 7 d (n = 3) after injury normalized Vt, f, and the respiratory response to 7% CO2. Identical results were obtained with another 5-HT1A receptor agonist, buspirone (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 3). In contrast, intraperitoneal saline vehicle administration (n = 5) showed no beneficial effects on SCI-impaired respiration. Finally, pretreatment with a specific antagonist of 5-HT1A receptors, 4-iodo-N-[2-[4-(methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinyl-benzamide (3 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 3) given 20 min before 8-OH-DPAT, prevented 8-OH-DPAT from restoring respiration to normal. Our results demonstrate that drugs that stimulate 5-HT1A receptors counteract respiratory abnormalities in conscious rats after SCI.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1999

Congenital airway abnormalities in patients requiring hospitalization.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of congenital airway abnormalities in pediatric patients requiring hospitalization for their respiratory status. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case series in a tertiary care center. PATIENTS: A 5-year retrospective chart review was conducted at our institution. A total of 174 patients were identified who required hospitalization for their respiratory status as a result of a congenital airway abnormality. RESULTS: Of the 174 patients, 114 (65.5%) were male and 60 (34.5%) were female. Eighty patients (47%) presented within the first 3 months of life. Forty-six patients (26%) were born prematurely, and 49 patients (28%) were diagnosed as having gastroesophageal reflux. The majority of patients (139 [80%]) had multiple presenting symptoms or signs. Stridor was the most common (129 [74%]), followed by accessory respiratory effort, cyanosis, apnea, and failure to thrive. Diagnosis was made at the time of surgical evaluation in 91% of the patients, with the remaining diagnoses made using radiological findings and/or clinical evaluation. Sixty-five patients (37%) had multiple sites of airway abnormalities; laryngeal abnormalities were noted almost 3 times as often as tracheal abnormalities (161 vs 62, respectively). Of the laryngeal abnormalities, laryngomalacia was the most common, followed by glottic web, subglottic stenosis, vocal-cord paralysis, and subglottic hemangioma. Tracheomalacia was the most common tracheal abnormality, followed by external compression and tracheal stenosis. Thirty-three patients (19%) required tracheotomy for management of recurrent respiratory decompensation. CONCLUSIONS: While congenital airway abnormalities are usually self-limited, those patients requiring hospitalization represent a group with a more severe respiratory status who have a greater chance of requiring tracheotomy. The recognizable percentage of patients with gastroesophageal reflux and prematurity accounts for comorbid factors in the need for hospitalization for respiratory issues related to congenital airway abnormalities.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2004

Congenital arhinia with de novo reciprocal translocation, t(3;12)(q13.2;p11.2).

A female newborn suffering from congenital arhinia with complete airway obstruction is reported. In addition, she had hypertelorism, microphthalmia, high-arched palate, and hypoplasia of the auditory canal and mastoid and facial bones, along with the absence of olfactory bulbs and tracts. She had a de novo reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 3q13.2 and 12p11.2. Certain gene(s) located at either of the breakpoints, 3q13.2 and 12p11.2, may be involved in the pathogenesis of her arhinia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Perinatal death and respiratory apparatus dysgenesis due to a bis (dichloroacetyl) diamine.

N, N1-bis (dichloroacetyl) diamine 1, 8-octomethylenediamine (WIN 18,446) is an experimental drug which was first investigated as a male contraceptive. It is soluble in lipid solvents but not in water. The administration of 1,200 to 1,600 mg/kg to pregnant rats on the tenth day of gestation produced multiorgan fetal malformations. Smaller doses, 400 to 800 mg/kg, especially if divided over 2 or 3 days, caused perinatal death. Thus, 60 to 100% of offspring of rats given WIN 18,446 on the tenth and 11th days of gestation died at birth or within 4 days (Taleporos et al., 78). The present study investigated such deaths. At doses of 200 mg/kg on day 10 or 50 mg/kg on days 10 and 11, 67% of offspring had defective or absent diaphragms, 48% had tracheobronchiomegaly with cystic lungs, and 67% had pleural hemorrhage. At doses of 100 mg/kg given on 1 day or 25 mg/kg each day for 2 days, 50% had tracheobronchiomegaly with cystic lungs and rudimentary acini. At lower doses (18.8 mg/kg X 2 or 12.4 mg/kg X 3), a majority of fetal lungs had rudimentary acini, thick septa, few capillaries, and wide cuffs of perivascular connective tissue. Thus, a chemical given during organogenesis produced dysgenesis of the respiratory apparatus. Varying the dose produced malformed lungs with persistently deficient acini which model such human lung faults as tracheobronchiomegaly (Mournier-Kuhn Syndrome; Mounier-Kuhn, '32), bronchiolar dysplasia (Wilson-Mikity Syndrome), and perinatal death with acinar failure resembling neonatal hyaline membrane disease.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2003

[A case of Marshall-Smith syndrome].

Marshall-Smith syndrome (MSS) is a rare clinical disorder, characterized by accelerated skeletal maturation, facial anomalies, failure to thrive and death in early infancy due to respiratory complications. We experienced the difficult airway case with MSS. A 4-year-old boy underwent tenosynovectomy for the snapping finger. Although his upper airway was diagnosed as almost normal on the fiber-optic laryngoscope examination, he frequently showed pharyngeal collapse during sleep. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with N2O-O2-sevoflurane using oral-airway without muscle relaxants. But, when we inserted the laryngoscope in order to clarify the existence of the difficult intubation, we could only see a part of the epiglottis. We concluded that we must treat MSS as difficult airway and intubation, even if in the mild case of MSS.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

Biochemical and molecular studies of mitochondrial function in diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness (DIDMOAD) combined with a cerebellar syndrome is associated with a systemic disorder of respiratory chain function as found in similar genetic syndromes. CASE: A muscle biopsy was taken from a patient with DIDMOAD, and a mitochondrial fraction was prepared. Respiratory chain function was assessed by analysis of intermediary metabolites, histochemical analysis of muscle biopsy, measurement of the activity of individual respiratory chain complexes, oxidative flux through the respiratory chain, and cytochrome concentration and compared with a population with normal respiratory chain function. Mitochondrial DNA from skeletal muscle, brain, and pancreas was examined for major rearrangements and specific point mutations. Brain tissue was examined neuropathologically for abnormalities, particularly those previously described in association with DIDMOAD. RESULTS: No abnormality was found in mitochondrial oxidation, individual complex activity, or cytochrome concentration. Histochemical analysis and electron microscopy showed no abnormality known to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. A single-base substitution at position 12308 of the mitochondrial genome was found, but no major rearrangement of mitochondrial DNA was demonstrated. Neuropathological examination revealed severe demyelination and gliosis in the optic nerves and loss of Purkinje cells associated with gliosis in the white matter in the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS: We have found no evidence that DIDMOAD is associated with a systemic abnormality of respiratory chain function. The mitochondrial DNA single-base substitution noted is likely to be a polymorphism rather than a pathogenic point mutation. We have confirmed that DIDMOAD may be associated with a neurodegenerative disorder, but the cause of this remains undetermined.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Horseshoe lung: useful angiographic and bronchographic images using multidetector-row spiral CT in two infants.

Horseshoe lung is a rare congenital pulmonary anomaly of childhood that can be accompanied with other anomalies. The diagnosis has historically been accomplished with invasive catheter angiography and bronchography rather than CT. Two infants with horseshoe lung were recently diagnosed with CT. We report the imaging findings in these two patients with emphasis on angiographic and bronchographic demonstration of key abnormalities of horseshoe lung using multidetector-row spiral CT.

Angiography↗