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PubMed1995

Need-gratifying object relations and psychopathology.

The authors tested hypotheses about a psychoanalytic model of a developmental continuum of object relations (from need-gratifying to mutual) by distinguishing persons that Goldberg (1972) classified as normal, sociopathic, and psychotic according to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). A Thematic Apperception Test rating scale, Capacity for Emotional Investment (CEI), developed by Westen, Lohr, Silk, and Kerber (1989) was employed for this purpose. Results strongly support the hypotheses and lend support for convergent and discriminant validity of the CEI dimension.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Classification of personality disorder.

An interview schedule was used to record the personality traits of 130 psychiatric patients, 65 with a primary clinical diagnosis of personality disorder and 65 with other diagnoses. The results were analysed by factor analysis and three types of cluster analysis. Factor analysis showed a similar structure of personality variables in both groups of patients, supporting the notion that personality disorders differ only in degree from the personalities of other psychiatric patients. Cluster analysis revealed five discrete categories; sociopathic, passive-dependent, anankastic, schizoid and a non-personality-disordered group. Of all the personality-disordered patients 63 per cent fell into the passive-dependent or sociopathic category. The results suggest that the current classification of personality disorder could be simplified.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Gray areas in forensic psychiatry.

The field of forensic psychiatry is not always compatible with legalities in our court system, causing some cases to be in a "gray" area. A case is presented, demonstrating shortcomings of the M'Naghten rule, which is meant to protect the mentally ill person from being incarcerated when he is not aware of the nature or the seriousness of the crime of which he stands accused. However, this rule is not applicable when there is awareness, even if the patient is laboring under a delusional system. In the case to be considered, the individual suffers by being given a criminal record instead of being found not guilty by reason of insanity, although the end result is the same.The author feels there should be a much broader interpretation of the M'Naghten rule to encompass the full intent of protecting the mentally ill person but to exclude the sociopath and those with character disorders. The Durham rule is not workable because of this inclusion.

Forensic Psychiatry↗
PubMed2001

[Personality disorders diagnosed psychometrically in relatives of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders].

By means of MMPI test 287 healthy relatives of 159 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders were examined. Anomalies of personality were found in 44% of 287 relatives examined, that did not differ significantly from the same index (36% of 179) in the control group of healthy individuals without any family history of mental diseases. A cluster analysis has revealed that anomalies of personality in the patients relatives can be divided into the next types: schizoid (15%), sociopathic (7%), masculine, superrational (5%) and neurotic (16%). In most of schizoid relatives anomalies of personality were reflected by the 2-7-8 profile of personality that differed them from schizoid personalities in control group. On the basis of both the results obtained and literature data it was suggested that together with the schizoid relatives, the relatives with sociopathic features should be included in the schizophrenic risk group, while anomalies of personality of both neurotic and superrational types were the reactions to the stress in families of the patients with schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sensation seeking and psychopathology.

A sample of 2,115 persons responded to an article in a popular magazine by taking the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and supplying personal information by mail, including data about past treatment, hospitalization, and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Subjects falling into certain diagnostic categories were closely matched with controls from the same sample who reported no history, treatment, or diagnosis of disorder. SSS scores were not related to general psychopathology, unipolar depression, schizophrenia, or neurosis, but were found to be elevated in persons reporting a history of manic-depressive or sociopathic spectrum (including alcoholism and drug abuse) disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A standardised assessment of personality disorder in mental handicap.

Forty patients with mild or moderate mental handicap were assessed by two psychiatrists using the scale devised by Mann et al, 1981 which describes abnormalities of personality. Analysis by weighted Kappa showed excellent agreement for some items (introversion, hysterical explosive, sociopathic, anankastic and affective). This questionnaire may be useful in the evaluation of personality in the mentally handicapped.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Primitive drive-dominated thinking: relationship to acute schizophrenia and sociopathy.

To investigate primitive drive-dominated thinking in schizophrenic disorders and sociopathic behavior, responses on the Rorschach and other personality tests of 171 acute psychiatric patients were assessed using Holt's system. Results suggested that: (a) Acute schizophrenics were high on primitive drive content, but this was also characteristic of some nonschizophrenics, and other types of disturbed thinking were even more prominent in schizophrenics. (b) There were no significant differences between process and reactive schizophrenics in expression of primitive drive content. (c) Males showed more drive-dominated thinking than females (p less than .10), although sex was not a powerful variable. (d) Depressives showed less drived-dominated thinking than nondepressive (p less than .05). (e) Patients high on sociopathic or rule-breaking behavior tended to show more primitive drive-dominated thinking (p less than .01).

Acute Disease↗