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Results for “Soft Computing”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

[Deformation of the central corneal surface following use of hard and soft contact lenses].

Use of a computer connected with a slit-lamp-video-camera detected changes in the cornea topography after wearing contact lenses on a daily basis. Also subtle surface changes were observed within the upper portion of the areas measured. These appeared to be spiral-shaped or cloudlike patterns as a result of wearing hard or soft contact lenses respectively. The changes observed appeared to have resulted from movement of the contact lens. However, this device has also been used to determine changes that are similar in early keratokonus. The computer can store data from 1600 sites on the surface; there sites are distributed over a 4-mm diameter area in the central cornea. On command the computer can display an image of the corneal surface. Images from hour 0 and 6 weeks later were compared to determine the topographic differences. The surface patterns observed after 6 weeks of wearing lenses appeared to be involve numerous small depressions.

Contact Lenses↗

PubMed2005

Primary angiosarcoma of the lung.

Primary angiosarcoma of the lung is a rare disorder with few cases reported in the literature [Patel AM, Ryu JH. Angiosarcoma in the lung. Chest 1993;103:1531-35]. We present a case of primary angiosarcoma of the lung in a 79-year-old woman. Preoperative computed tomographic scan revealed soft tissue nodules surrounded by a halo of ground-glass attenuation, an appearance consistent with hemorrhagic pulmonary nodules [Primack S, Hartman T, Lee KS. Pulmonary nodules and the CT halo sign. Radiology 1994;190:513-15]. Lung biopsy revealed a multifocal malignant neoplasm with areas of hemorrhage. The histologic, cytologic, and immunophenotypic features were characteristic of epithelioid angiosarcoma. This case report contributes to the sparse literature on this disease and provides computed tomographic and pathologic correlation in a patient with hemorrhagic pulmonary nodules.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Radiotherapy technique integrates MRI into CT.

The 1970s saw the introduction of computed tomography, which enabled soft tissue anatomy to be seen. Today simulation of therapeutic fields by x-ray is augmented by radiotherapy treatment planning using CT data. The 1980s brought magnetic resonance imaging with superior soft tissue contrast. This article describes a technique correlating three-dimensional MRI/CT data sets used routinely in treatment planning of tumors in the head.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed2001

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of intrathoracic vagus nerve.

The authors report two cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors arising from the vagus nerve in the mediastinum in patients who had no stigmata of neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). Computed tomography showed homogeneous soft tissue masses, with minimal calcification seen in one patient. T2-weighted magnetic resonance images showed regions of low signal intensity caused by a dense cellular population.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Dystrophic calcinosis cutis after subcutaneous administration of para-aminosalicylic acid for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis].

An 81-year-old women presented with monstrous subcutaneous mobile masses on the ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of her thighs. Radiography as well as computer tomography showed extensive soft tissue calcifications. We interpreted these alterations as dystrophic calcinosis cutis, most likely resulting from repeated subcutaneous PAS infusions for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Aged, 80 and over↗

PubMed2000

Intraosseous neurinoma of the parietal bone.

Intraosseous neurinoma is very uncommon tumor. Its location in the skull is extremely rare. A 4-year-old boy presented with a lump in the right occipital region. Computed tomography revealed a soft tissue mass with bony erosion in the right occipital bone. The solid, nontender, and immobile mass was totally removed. The pathological examination showed that it was an intraosseous neurinoma. Total resection of intraosseous neurinomas is sufficient treatment and is not followed by recurrence.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2004

Intracranial spread of Merkel cell carcinoma through intact skull.

We report an unusual case of Merkel cell carcinoma presenting as a frontal scalp mass with apparent invasion into underlying brain parenchyma through grossly intact calvaria. Despite wide local excision, craniectomy, intracranial tumor resection, and postoperative adjuvant irradiation, widespread systemic metastases resistant to chemotherapy developed, and the patient died 9 months after surgery. This case report confirms that Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck, already known to be an aggressive tumor, has the capacity for rapid intracranial extension. We propose that in this case, the mechanism of intracranial metastasis was via communicating veins rather than through bone destruction or systemic metastasis. Appropriate preoperative imaging should be carried out to define the extent of this tumor when it is adjacent to the skull. We found contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to be superior to computed tomography for defining soft tissue extent and marrow space involvement within underlying bone.

Bone Marrow Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Elevation of the soft palate in speech and swallowing in normal female participants and females with motor neuron disease: an innovative procedure for measuring palatal elevation.

The aim was to measure the angle of elevation of the soft palate during the separate conditions of swallowing of pudding, swallowing of liquid and during production of 'may/pay', using videofluroscopy and innovative computer software. We then determined whether soft palate elevation (as reflected in measures of an angle) differed in those separate conditions. Twelve female participants were studied, aged 40-70 years. The trends observed were that the highest soft palate elevation was displayed in the liquid-swallowing condition and the lowest soft palate elevation was displayed in the speech conditions. The results did not reach statistical significance, but the findings support the suggestions of Rubesin et al. (1987) and Fritzell (1969) that soft palate elevation is higher during swallowing than during speech. This same method was then used to measure soft palate elevation under the same three conditions in nine females, all aged > 40 years, who had motor neuron disease. Again, the highest soft palate elevation was displayed when swallowing liquid, but this time the lowest elevation occurred when swallowing pudding. Owing to small numbers, results did not reach statistical significance, but the trends may be important to replicate in a larger study. This pilot study developed a comprehensive and accurate method of measuring the soft palate elevation using digitization and computer software.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Abscess of the sphenoid sinus after transsphenoidal surgery.

A case of a bacterial abscess developing in the sphenoid sinus 2 weeks after transsphenoidal surgery is presented. Although abscesses within the sella turcica have been reported as rare complications of transsphenoidal surgery, this is the first reported case of the postoperative formation of an abscess of the sphenoid sinus. The patient sought treatment for severe headaches, nausea and vomiting, and marked temperature elevation. A computed tomographic scan demonstrated soft tissue and air within the sphenoid sinus. A regimen of stress doses of hydrocortisone and antibiotics was prescribed, and the patient underwent transsphenoidal drainage of the sphenoid sinus. The sella turcica was not involved. Anaerobic cultures were positive for Fusobacterium necrophorum.

Abscess↗

PubMed1979

CT of the esophagus: I. Normal appearance.

The thoracic esophagus is easily demonstrable throughout its entire length on thoracic computed tomography (CT). The soft tissue planes separating the esophagus from its adjacent mediastinal structures are normally distinct. Blurring or distortion of these tissue interfaces is a reliable indicator of disease. The normal CT anatomy of the esophagus and mediastinal relationships are described. Air in the esophagus is considered a normal finding.

Esophagus↗

PubMed2003

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung--a case report.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is an uncommon primary lung tumor. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas have been reported in all age group and equally in both sexes. A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma histologically confirmed by biopsy is reported here. The patient is a 15 years old male presented with cough and dyspnoea for 5 days. Chest roentgenography showed segmental consolidation of right lower lobe. Chest computed tomography revealed a soft tissue mass with calcification within the lumen of lower trachea in precarinal location. The patient underwent thoracotomy for endotracheal mass and resection was done. Following operation, the patient is symptom free and follow-up CT scan shows normal tracheal outline.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[The value of computer tomography in the diagnosis of chest wall tumors].

Conventional roentgen diagnosis of chest wall tumors, especially with reference to the expansion in the soft tissue, is limited. The computed tomographic examinations in 35 patients with tumors of the chest wall and pleura demonstrate the great value of this method for localization and the judgement of tumor spreading. CT-controlled fine-needle biopsy can clarify the diagnosis. Computed tomography is important for decision and planning of surgical and radiation therapy.

Chondrosarcoma↗

PubMed2000

Associations between cerebral blood-flow measured by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), electro-encephalogram (EEG), behaviour symptoms, cognition and neurological soft signs in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Twenty-eight children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined with SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Seven of the children had abnormal distribution of the regional cerebral blood-flow (rCBF) on visual evaluation and 10 had abnormal EEG findings. The only clinical finding that differentiated the group with normal from abnormal rCBF was behaviour symptom load. A factor analysis of the rCBF in different regions of interest yielded one factor with low rCBF in the temporal and cerebellar regions and high rCBF in the subcortical and thalamic regions, which was significantly associated with the degree of motor impairment and results on a cognitive test (WISC). Another factor consisting of high rCBF in frontal and parietal regions had a significant negative correlation with the degree of behaviour symptoms. There was a negative correlation between the rCBF in the right frontal regions and the degree of behaviour symptoms. The number of minor physical anomalies (MPA) was negatively correlated to the rCBF in the frontal lobes bilaterally. These results suggest that there may be at least two functional disturbances in ADHD, one specific neurodevelopmentally determined disturbance of the frontal lobes, especially of the right hemisphere, related to behaviour deviance, and another disturbance of the integration of the temporal lobes, the cerebellum and subcortical structures, related to motor planning and aspects of cognition.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2003

Influence of a standardized closed soft tissue trauma on resistance to local infection. An experimental study in rats.

PURPOSE: The etiology of local posttraumatic infection in the locomotor system depends on the amount, virulence and pathogenicity of the inoculated microorganisms and the local/systemic host damage due to the type and extent of the accident or iatrogenic trauma. The relative effect of these factors remains unclear. In particular, it is still unclear today whether--in presence of microorganisms--soft tissue damage and its pathophysiological consequences lead to infection after soft tissue trauma, or whether the bacterial contamination is the primarily cause for posttraumatic infection. The aim of the project was to gain information on the consequences of a soft tissue injury in terms of resistance to local infection. Since clinical populations are too heterogeneous, the problem was investigated in a standardized, reduced (no surgery or implants) experimental in vivo model. METHOD: In female Sprague-Dawley-rats with a standardized closed soft tissue trauma to the tibialis anterior muscle (group I: n=13) or without (group II: n=13), we compared the incidence of local infection after a pairwise local, percutaneously injected bacterial challenge with various concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus (2 x 10(4)-2 x 10(6) colony forming units, CFU). The standardized closed soft tissue trauma was created by application of a specially designed, computer controlled impact device. The contaminated soft tissue and the underlying bone were removed under sterile conditions after five days and quantitatively evaluated for bacterial growths. Infection was defined as positive bacterial growth at the soft tissue and/or bone. A stepwise experimental design with an "up-and-down" dosage technique was used to adjust the bacterial challenge in the area of the ID50 (50% infection dose). Statistical evaluation of the difference between the infection rates of both groups was performed by two-sided fisher exact test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The overall infection rate was 46%. For the group with soft tissue trauma the ID50 was 1.32 x 10(5) CFU and 1.05 x 10(6) CFU for the group without soft tissue trauma. The infection rate was 69% (9 of 13 animals) for the group with soft tissue trauma and 23% (3 of 13 animals) for the group without soft tissue trauma. This difference is statistically significant (p=0.047). CONCLUSIONS: The infection rate after a standardized closed soft tissue injury was significantly higher and the ID50 lower than without soft tissue trauma. Our results demonstrate that in presence of microorganisms it is not primarily the bacterial contamination but rather the soft tissue damage and its pathophysiological consequences resulting in decreased infection resistance that secondarily lead to infection.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Giant cell tumor of the sternum.

A primary giant cell tumor (GCT) originating from the sternum is extremely rare. We report a case of a GCT originating from the sternum in a 45-year-old man who was referred to us for a mass in the anterior chest wall that had been growing slowly. Computed tomography revealed a soft tissue mass involving a large osteolytic and destructive lesion of the sternum body. Subtotal sternectomy and reconstruction with methylmethacrylate were performed. The tumor was 8.5 x 4.5 x 2.5cm, and the histopathological examination confirmed GCT. Radical wide resection of primary sternum tumors and reconstruction with an appropriately rigid prosthetic material are necessary to minimize local recurrence.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1999

Functional airway obstruction mimicking tongue angioedema.

BACKGROUND: Functional causes of upper airway obstruction have focused primarily on psychogenic stridor associated with paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction. Angioedema can involve upper airway structures and be life-threatening. CASE REPORT: We report a 12-year-old female with upper airway obstruction from posterior tongue swelling which was determined to be a conversion reaction. METHODS & RESULTS: A lateral neck film revealed severe tongue swelling. Examination revealed a calm, cooperative patient in no distress but exhibiting inspiratory and expiratory stridor. A computed tomography scan revealed soft tissue fullness at the base of the tongue without associated lymphadenopathy. Laboratory evaluation was normal. With anesthetic induction in the operating room, there was complete relaxation of the upper airway with no evidence of tongue swelling, mass, or other abnormality. Following tongue biopsy, she had no reoccurrence of the tongue mass. CONCLUSION: This case represents a childhood conversion reaction of functional airway obstruction where tongue manipulation simulated tongue swelling radiographically consistent with angioedema.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1990

Estimation of 140S particles in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine by using the computer analyzing system.

The quantity of 140S particles in inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine samples produced in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Production Center (FMD Vaccine Production Center) in Thailand was estimated by the sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and optical density analysis by using the computer applying system. The soft ware; Chromato Data System (CDS) (Nihon Chromato Works Co., Ltd. Japan) which is prepared for the analysis of chromatography, was applied for the estimation of 140S particles in FMDV vaccine. The quantity of 140S particles in each vaccine sample measured by CDS was mostly ranged from 2-4 micrograms/ml and this quantity was consistent with the results of the other reports. This method is considered to be the available method for estimation of 140S particles in FMDV vaccine as routine assay.

Aphthovirus↗

PubMed1999

Predictive models for difficult laryngoscopy and intubation. A clinical, radiologic and three-dimensional computer imaging study.

PURPOSE: To identify the variables most useful in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation from various clinical, skeletal (lateral x-rays) and soft tissue (three-dimensional computed tomography imaging) measurements. METHODS: Twenty-four adult patients in whom an unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation was identified according to established criteria were evaluated. Further, a control group of 32 patients in whom tracheal intubation was easily accomplished was studied. We applied multivariate discriminant analysis to clinical and radiological data of all patients to select those variables most useful in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to describe the discrimination abilities and to explore the trade-offs between sensitivity and specificity of the model. RESULTS: With the clinical data alone, discriminant analysis identified four risk factors that correlated with the prediction of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation: thyrosternal distance, thyromental distance, neck circumference and Mallampati classification. With both clinical and radiological data, discriminant analysis identified five risk factors: thyrosternal distance, thyromental distance, Mallampati classification, depth of spine C2 and angle A (the most antero-inferior point of the upper central incisor tooth). The positive predictive value of this combined (clinical and radiological) model was greater than that of the clinical model alone (95.8% vs 87.5%, respectively). The areas under the ROC curves, that measure the probability of the correct prediction of the clinical and the combined models, were found to be 0.933 and 0.973, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These models can be used for predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation in clinical practice.

Adult↗