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Results for “Spectrophotometry, Atomic”

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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry for measurement of iron, manganese and zinc contents of wheat seeds].

The iron, manganese and zinc trace element contents of six different kinds of winter wheat seeds were studied by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. As a result, the rates of recovery of iron, manganese and zinc are 103.09%, 102.90% and 101.19%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of Fe, Mn and Zn are smaller than 3.94%, 1.67% and 2.69%, respectively. Taking GBW08503 wheat flour as standard sample and carrying out comparative determination, the successful results were achieved. This method is very simple, rapid and accurate.

Calcium↗

PubMed2004

[Determination of trace copper and zinc in hypertension complicated with hyperlipemia by atomic absorption spectrophotometry].

The serum levels of Zn, Cu, cholesterol (Ch) and triglyceride (TG) were determined in 44 patients with hypertension complicated with hyperlipemia, 42 patients with hypertension (HP) and 30 healthy controls by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and automatic biochemical analytical instrument of reagent kit. It was found that the contents of Zn, Ch, TG and Zn/Cu ratio in hypertension complicated with hyperlipemia were significantly higher than in HP and control, while Cu in hypertension complicated with hyperlipemia was significantly lower than in HP and control. The contents of Zn, Ch, TG and Zn/Cu ratio in hypertension were significantly increased. It is suggested that hypertension complicated with hyperlipemia is closely related with Zn and Cu.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

[Determination of bismuth in blood urine and cerebrospinal fluid by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry (author's transl)].

A method for the determination of bismuth in blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid is described. Using ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate as chelating agent, bismuth is extracted in hexane and determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. A sample of 0.5 ml is sufficient for the determination of bismuth at concentrations ranging from a few mug/l to 2000 mug/l. In subjects not receiving bismuth, the concentration in blood is below 10 mug/l and in subjects intoxicated with bismuth prescribed for digestive diseases the concentration can reach 2000 mug/l and more.

Bismuth↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lacrimal sac dacryolith: a study wit atomic absorption spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy.

Dacryoliths are uncommon causes of partial or complete obstruction of the nasolacrimal drainage apparatus. We report our findings of a dacryolith that we studied by culture, light microscopy, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Although no fungi were recovered by culturing, hyphae-like structures were observed. No inorganic material was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Scanning electron microscopy of ultrastructure showed the stone was composed of lobes and lobules built on an amorphous core material.

Calculi↗

PubMed1976

[Determination of erythrocyte zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry: Its significance in iron deficiency anemia (author's transl)].

Present investigation was undertaken to elucidate the significance of changes in erythrocyte zinc levels in anemia. A preliminary study for the determination of erythrocyte zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry was done. The simple dilution method, in which zinc was determined directly from a sample of erythrocyte lysed and diluted with deionized water, appeared satisfactory in view of its rapidity, simplicity and accuracy. Of importance is that the temperature of sample and standard solution had to be matched. By using the above method, the mode of changes in erythrocyte zinc levels was investigated in healthy individuals and it was found that erythrocyte zinc expressed per gram of hemoglobin was inversely correlated to mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). This relationship was also shown in patients with iron deficiency anemia and phlebotomy-induced anemia in rabbits. However, erythrocyte zinc expressed per milliliter of packed red cells was generally increased in these cases. The difference of erythrocyte zinc levels between 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. was not statistically significant. In addition, the levels of the B and of the C type erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases were assayed immunochemically. It was ascertained that there was a significant correlation between erythrocyte zinc levels and those of total carbonic anhydrase. This, the clinical importance of changes in erythrocyte zinc levels in anemia was discussed in relation to the role of this zinc - metalloenzyme.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of metals in foodstuffs by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after dry ashing: NMKL interlaboratory study of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, chromium, and nickel.

An interlaboratory study of a method for determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, chromium, and nickel in foodstuffs by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) after dry ashing at 450 degrees C was conducted in 16 laboratories. The study was preceded by a practice round of familiarization samples and another round in which solutions were distributed and the metals were determined directly by AAS. The study included 5 different foods (liver paste, apple sauce, minced fish, wheat bran, and milk powder) and 2 composite diets. A single analysis was carried out on each sample. Suitable sample combinations were used as split level combinations for determination of the repeatability standard deviation. The relative reproducibility standard deviation for each of the elements ranged as follows: lead, 74-18% at 0.025-0.28 mg/kg; cadmium, 80-11% (0.002-0.51 mg/kg); zinc, 12-7% (44-72 mg/kg); copper, 47-10% (0.48-41 mg/kg); iron, 35-9% (2-228 mg/kg); chromium, 48-21% (0.008-0.22 mg/kg); nickel, 64-39% (0.025-0.39 mg/kg).

Dairy Products↗

PubMed2006

[Determination of thirteen metal elements in the plant Foeniculum vulgare Mill. by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry].

The objective of the paper is to determine the amount of metal elements of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb in the planted Foeniculum vulgare Mill. by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS), after the cinefaction and the digestion with HNO3-HClO4 (phi 4:1) at 90-95 degrees C and normal pressure. The optimum parameters of FAAS and the effects of solution medium on the results were investigated. The analytical results show that the amount of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb was 1508.7, 27653.0, 2036.0, 4848.1, 24.8, 323.5, 15.2, 23.7 and 10.8 microg x g(-1), respectively, and that of Co, Ni, Cd and Cr was not checked out in the samples. The recovery of standard addition is 97.45%-102.50%, the relative standard deviation (n=9) was 0.34%-2.77%. The characteristic method is quick, simple and convenient and the results are satisfactory.

Foeniculum↗

PubMed1980

Determination of inorganic plasma sulfate by indirect atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

An indirect method for the determination of inorganic sulfate in small plasma volumes is presented. After removal of protein and phosphate by uranylacetate, sulfate is precipitated by barium chloride. Excess barium in the supernatant is measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The sulfate content of the sample corresponds to the difference of the added and the measured barium. The mean concentration of inorganic plasma sulfate of healthy children, determined by this method, was 0.241 +/- 0.059 mmol/l.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Leak in evaporated milk by anodic stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry: cooperative interlaboratory study.

The results of a cooperative study on the determination of lead in evaporated milk, using a double blind referee technique, are reported. This study was designed to determine the normal variability of methods currently used for lead analysis by canned food industry laboratories. Twenty-three laboratories participated in this study. Each laboratory was instructed to use atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AOAC 25.065), anodic stripping voltammetry, or carbon rod atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Overall, the results appear to be in close agreement with the spiking levels. The coefficient of variation for all laboratories was 36.0% at the 0.15 ppm lead level and 16.8% at the 0.40 ppm lead level.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) for the evaluation of metallosis in prostheses and artificial organs: a new approach.

To study the presence of metals in body fluids and tissues after implantation of metallic biomaterials and possible related diseases, a new approach in Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was developed. This technique was compared to three traditional methods: mineralisation with acid digestion (method A) also known as "wet method", dry ashing (with or without oxygen) (method B); classic Kjeldaal (method C). The new approach (method D) modifies the mineralisation phase and the instrument operating instructions. Al, Na, Cr, K, Ni, Co, Ti, Fe, Hg, Pb, V, Sb and Cu levels were tested with the four methods on bone, muscle, cartilage, skin, brain, lymph nodes, blood, urine, and hair. Test results were checked by the addition method. Results demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of Al, Cr, Ni, Ti and Hg recovery with the new approach. The advantages of method D are no residue, no redox reaction, insignificant loss of analytes and enhanced sensitivity (at ppb level vs ppm of the other methods). This approach should be considered especially when testing heavy metals and complex matrices. Its disadvantages are that it is more time consuming and requires the presence of an operator.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

High-speed automated atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

We describe an integrated automated system for the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The system makes use of a light-dependent resistor to detect the presence of a marker ion which is present along with the sample ion in the flame. An electronic circuit has been developed which enables the marker ion to trigger the read signal of the spectrophotometer. The system has been tested by determining magnesium and calcium in serum. Alternative modes of operation and different potential applications are discussed.

Calcium↗

PubMed1980

Normal chromium levels in urine and blood of Japanese subjects determined by direct flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and valency of chromium in urine after exposure to hexavalent chromium.

Two hundred and thirty one urine and 20 blood samples of Japanese subjects from 4 geographic areas without known chromium pollution were assayed for chromium by direct flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Normal chromium level in urine of Japanese subjects was 0.41 microg/L on an average. Urine level was less than 0.8 microg/L for all age and sex groups. Chromium levels in 2 hour urines did not correlate with those in 24 hours urine. Blood level of chromium was 2.9 ng/mL. A rabbit given an oral administration of 100 mg hexavalent chromium excreted 8.2 mg in 15 days after administration. No hexavalent chromium could be detected in urine. Ninety percent of the urinary excretion occurred within 2 days of administration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Lithium neurotoxicity. I. The concentration of lithium in dopaminergic systems of rat brain determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Severe neurotoxicity has been reported in patients receiving combinations of lithium and butyrophenones and halogenated phenothiazines and the suggestion has been made that lithium is preferentially concentrated in dopamine systems in brain. Conventional flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry does not allow analysis of sufficiently small samples of brain tissue to allow accurate association with specific transmitter systems, although previous reports have suggested that lithium is concentrated in the striatum. A method has been developed using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry to allow accurate measurement of lithium concentrations in 10--100 ng fresh weight of brain tissue. Using this technique in experiments where rats were fed lithium over a period of three weeks, we could not confirm a direct association of lithium with an area predominetly served by dopamine transmitters.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Estimation of perimortal percent carboxy-heme in nonstandard postmortem specimens using analysis of carbon monoxide by GC/MS and iron by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

In decomposed, formalin-fixed, embalmed, exhumed, and some fire-dried cases in which normal blood is unavailable, the usual methods for determination of carboxyhemoglobin saturation frequently fail. To address these specimens, a method utilizing both gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) determination of carbon monoxide (CO) and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) determination of iron (Fe), in the same specimen, was developed. The method is reported here, along with its application to seven pertinent forsensic death investigations. The CO analytical methodology involves acid liberation of the gas from the specimen aliquot in a headspace vial. After heating and equilibrating, a sample of the headspace vapor is injected into the GC/MS system with a gastight syringe. Quantitation is achieved by standard addition comparison utilizing the ideal gas law equation. Iron is quantified by FAAS analysis of the same aliquot used for the CO determination, following nitric acid digestion. The concentration is determined by comparison to a standard curve. A formula for determining the minimum percent carboxy-heme saturation was derived by using the ratio of the amount of CO to the amount of Fe in the aliquot analyzed. Tissue types analyzed include spleen, liver, muscle, dried blood, and unspecified decomposed tissue.

Calibration↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of gold in animal tissue by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Historically, compounds that contain gold have been used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis in humans. However, understanding of the metabolic fate of gold in biological tissues has been limited by lack of sensitive quantitative methods of analysis. We addressed this problem by developing a graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) spectrophotometric method to measure trace amounts of gold. This method was validated on small samples of beef liver, kidney, and bone. The samples were digested in micro-Kjeldahl flasks with a mixture of sulfuric, perchloric, and nitric acids; the residue was treated with aqua regia and extracted into methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK); levels of gold were then measured by GFAA. All the reagents were of an ultra-pure grade and were monitored for gold content. We established that the linear range of quantitation was from 1 to 2500 ppb. Multiple extractions with MIBK were not necessary to recover all the gold, and, in most cases, use of ultra-pure acids was not necessary. A scan of the extracts by inductively coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry revealed no appreciable concentration of elements that would be most likely to interfere with the determination of gold. Average recoveries of gold ranged from 102 to 111%, and the overall coefficient of variation was 5.5%.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Determination of aluminum in serum using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry].

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of aluminium in human serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been developed. In view of contradictory data in literature all relevant analytical conditions have been tested. The method involves simple dilution with a 0.05% solution of Triton X-100 and atomization on the wall of a pyrolytically coated graphite tube. The sensitivity of the method is about 1 microgram/L and precision less than 11%. The method of standard addition is recommended for calibration, but the use of a calibration curve based on serum with a low content of aluminium is also possible.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1995

Sensitive method for analysis of strontium in human and animal plasma by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

For long-term pharmacokinetic studies in humans as well as in experimental animals, an analysis of strontium (Sr) with a low detection limit and high sensitivity is necessary. The data presented here describe the optimization of the furnace program and sample handling for measuring Sr in plasma by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The method was validated and applied to studies on the pharmacokinetics of SrCl2 in humans and rats. Calibration curves were linear up to 57.1 nmol/L. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification were 0.21 and 0.57 nmol/L, respectively. Reciprocal sensitivity was 0.53 nmol/L Sr at A = 0.0044. The intraassay precision was 2.2%, 1.5%, and 1.1% (n = 6) at 4.57, 22.7, and 49.2 nmol/L Sr, respectively. At these concentrations, the interassay precision and recovery were 0.7%, 1.5%, and 1.8% and 100.4%, 99.1%, and 100.6% (n = 12), respectively. The endogenous Sr concentration in human plasma samples was 0.27 +/- 0.07 mumol/L (n = 18). Pharmacokinetic studies in a human volunteer and in rats demonstrated that this procedure was suited for measuring low Sr concentrations and was applicable to small sample volumes.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Separation and quantitation of metallothioneins by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

A rapid, reproducible, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of the concentrations of metallothionein-I (MT-I) and metallothionein-II (MT-II) in rat liver has been developed. Metallothioneins (MTs) were separated and quantitated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Purified rat liver MT-I and MT-II, used as standards for developing the method, were easily resolved, eluting at 7.5 and 10.4 min, respectively. To establish standard curves, protein concentrations of solutions of the purified MTs were determined by the Kjeldahl method for the determination of nitrogen, after which the standards were saturated with Cd (final concentration of 50 ppm Cd). Rat liver cytosols obtained from untreated and Cd- or Zn-treated rats were prepared for HPLC-AAS analysis by saturation with Cd (50 ppm Cd) followed by heat denaturation (placing in a boiling water bath for 1 min). Based on the method of standard additions, recovery of MTs exceeded 95% and repeated injection of a sample yielded a coefficient of variance of approximately 2%. A detection limit of 5 micrograms MT/g liver was established for the method. Only MT-II was detected in untreated rats, whereas following exposure to Cd or Zn, both forms of MTs were detected. Concentrations of total MTs in liver of untreated and Cd- or Zn-treated rats were also determined by the Cd/hemoglobin radioassay (which fails to distinguish MT-I from MT-II) and indicated that results obtained with the HPLC-AAS method compared favorably to the Cd/hemoglobin radioassay. Thus, the HPLC-AAS method for quantitating MT-I and MT-II offers the advantage of determining the concentrations of both proteins in tissues and should be useful for studying the regulation of MT-I and MT-II.

Animals↗