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Transmigration is the migration of a tooth across the midline of the jaw. This phenomenon is found only in relation to the permanent mandibular canines. Two cases are reported. In both, the cause of this deviation was an odontome found in the site normally occupied by the mandibular canine. The literature on transmigration is reviewed.
Patients with palatally impacted canines have an increased incidence of missing or anomalous lateral incisors adjacent to the impacted canines. Their arches are often uncrowded and this, in part, is linked to the increased incidence of missing or anomalous lateral incisors. Other teeth are also more frequently missing. The present guidelines for the relief of palatally impacted canines by extraction of the deciduous canine require that the patient is aged between 10-13 years and that normal space conditions are present. Two successful case reports are presented which were outside the recommended guidelines. The technique of relieving a palatal impaction by extraction of the deciduous canine has wide application.
The procedure of extracting the deciduous canine to reduce the incidence of the unerupted palatally displaced canine was first described in 1951, and an article solely devoted to the technique appeared in 1959. The procedure then virtually vanished until 1981. A prospective study published in 1988 created the first widespread interest in the method which now appears in major texts. Why the procedure succeeds is uncertain. In the 1950s non-resorption of the deciduous canine was thought to cause palatal deflection of its successor and therefore it appeared appropriate to extract the obstructing deciduous tooth. It has been estimated that the technique should be successful in approximately one in three of all cases in the population aged 10 to 13 years. The earlier the detection the better the prognosis, because the unerupted canine frequently moves more mesially with time. Before the procedure is attempted it is important to discuss possible outcomes with the patient. Three successfully treated cases are illustrated. The first conformed with the guidelines of having an uncrowded maxillary arch and being aged between 10 and 13 years. The second was aged 15 years 2 months at commencement. An unsuccessful surgical exposure of the permanent canines followed by extraction of the deciduous canines was carried out in the third case.
Commonly, clinicians' principal tool in the alignment phase of orthodontic mechanotherapy is the nickel-titanium wire. During the course of orthodontic treatment, however, there are times when some segments of the dental arch require flexible wires, while the rest would benefit from rigid wires. In this report, we describe a technique where both of these needs are satisfied simultaneously. Specifically, a segment of nickel-titanium wire is piggybacked onto a stainless steel wire in regions where flexibility is desired. This method eliminates the problems associated with the activation, de-activation forces created along a continuous archwire and might be more economical. Clinical pictures illustrate the point.
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The palatally displaced canine is a harmful complication of dental development. It appears in 1 to 2% of the Western population. According to our clinical experience, this anomaly is seen in families in which missing and peg-shaped teeth are common. It could be caused by the same genetic component that causes incisor-premolar hypodontia. We examined 106 patients who had been operated on and treated orthodontically for palatally impacted canine(s). The patients and their family members were examined for dental anomalies. One hundred and ten first- and 93 second-degree relatives were clinically and radiologically examined, and 35 pedigrees were constructed. Thirty-six percent of the patients had congenitally missing permanent teeth (hypodontia), which is 4.5 times the population prevalence. Hypodontia was noted in 19 to 20% of both the first- and second-degree relatives. This is 2.5 times the population prevalence. Frequency of missing teeth, analyzed by tooth groups, was of the same order as that shown for incisor-premolar hypodontia in the Western population. In six of the 35 pedigrees, a palatally impacted canine was noted in several generations of the same family. Prevalence of this anomaly was 4.9% in the studied group, which is 2.5 times the population prevalence. From the findings, we conclude that the palatally displaced canine belongs to the spectrum of dental abnormalities related to hypodontia.
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The aim of this article is to make clinicians aware of the possibility of canine transposition following loss of the upper central incisor. Using two case reports it considers the opportunities for rehabilitation of the occlusion, and discusses surgical, orthodontic and restorative considerations.
This report describes the unusual appearance seen on a panoramic radiograph of an orthodontic patient which the authors argue may represent ectopia or concomitant hypohyperdontia of the mandibular premolar teeth. A literature review describes the frequency of such anomalies in this area from previous studies. The presenting features of the patient and the differential diagnoses are explored. Treatment planning is discussed and treatment carried out in this particular case is detailed. The unusual symmetrical bilateral anomalies in this patient may point to a genetic determinant of tooth germ position and/or movement.
The radiographic prescribing habits of consultants in orthodontics and oral surgery are described with specific reference to assessment of unerupted maxillary canine teeth. Orthodontists use more radiographs than oral surgeons under these circumstances. The relative radiation for commonly used combinations of radiographs has been summarized and recommendations made regarding the use of certain of these.
In this study, 4500 consecutive panoramic radiographs were prospectively reviewed. The incidence of canine impaction was found to be 3.58% and the incidence of canine transmigration was 0.31%. There were six maxillary and eight mandibular transmigrant canines. The incidence of impacted canine teeth and transmigration of maxillary and mandibular canines may be more frequent than was previously thought, at least in some populations.
Pre-eruptive migration of a tooth across the midline is termed "transmigration". This condition has not been reported for teeth other than mandibular canines. Bilateral transmigration is extremely rare, and associated pathological lesions are also reported. The aim of this report is to present the first case of maxillary canine transmigration as well as additional cases of transmigrated mandibular canines, with special emphasis on their classification.
A tooth presenting in the nasal cavity is an unusual phenomenon. Supernumerary teeth usually occur in the upper incisor area. Other locations may be the maxillary third molar and the mandibular bicuspid areas. Nasal teeth are a rare form of supernumerary teeth. They may be asymptomatic or may present with nasal obstruction and infection. They may be removed through a nasal approach.
The maxillary canine is commonly displaced or impacted. Monitoring the normal development of the dentition is important to identify and treat potential problems and hence minimise the need for later, more complex therapy. This paper discusses some problems that may occur and the subsequent treatment of these problems, by illustration with five case reports.
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Transposition is a rare dental anomaly. Two cases of transposition of canines have been presented, the causes are discussed, and modes of treatment are suggested.
Transposition, an infrequently occurring dental anomaly, almost always involves the canines. Transposition occurs in either jaw, bilaterally or unilaterally, and in most cases the primary canine is still present. The canine may transpose with the lateral incisor or the first premolar. In the maxilla, transposition with the first premolar occurs more frequently. In the mandible, as far as can be determined, the canine always transposes with the lateral incisor. Several causative factors have been discussed. When cases of incipient transposition are detected early enough they can sometimes be treated interceptively. When seen at later stages, the positions of the root apexes are important for a decision about where to move the transposed teeth.