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At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Association between immunoglobulin allotypes and pulmonary tuberculosis.

In a sample of n = 133 non-related patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, Gm and Km typings have been carried out and compared with healthy controls from the same geographical area. All the Gm allotypes tested were found to be more preponderant in the patients than in the healthy controls and these differences were found to be statistically significant for Gm (1) and Gm (5) only and not for the other immunoglobulin allotypes e.g. Gm (2). The frequency of Km (1) was lower and that of Km (3) was higher in the patients than in the controls. These differences were, however, statistically not significant.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Use of the immunoblotting method in serodiagnosis of M. kansasii mycobacteriosis].

The indirect enzyme test ELISA with soluble complex antigen of M. kansasii, used for assessment of the titre of IgG serum antibodies in a group of patients suffering from mycobacteriosis M. kansasii and in a control group of patients suffering from tuberculosis did not reveal statistically significant differences between serological responses of these two groups. On the other hand, the immunoblot analysis revealed in sera selected at random from these two groups differences at the level of subprotein units against the complex antigen of M. kansasii. In a group of 15 sera of patients with M. kansasii the immunodominant area was 42-45 kD protein subunits, in the control group of 10 sera with M. tuberculosis the area was 35-39 kD. The western blot technique is more perspective for improvement of the serum diagnosis of M. kansasii, in particular where a specific antigen is not available.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1950

Mass survey--Its future.

Experience with a fast-tempo case finding survey in Seattle confirms the opinion expressed with regard to other areas, that the tools now are at hand to eradicate tuberculosis in Seattle in a 20-year period. The most important single factor in controlling tuberculosis is segregation and treatment of patients with active cases - sanatorium care that is sufficient in quantity and quality. Aggressive use of community-wide, mass x-ray program constitutes the second largest factor in controlling tuberculosis and has its greatest application in cities of over 100,000 population. The cost of such a mass survey program is trifling when compared with the cost of an adequate hospitalization program. The Seattle experience indicates that the cost of a mass survey program amortized over a five-year period is only 2 per cent of the cost of one year of hospital care.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of ELISA test for serological diagnosis of tuberculosis.

In order to find out the usefulness of this test in the local population, 240 subjects were investigated at Indira Gandhi Medical College, Nagpur. Of these 85 were normal healthy subjects and 40 were sputum AFB positive tuberculosis cases, enabling us to determine the cut-off value. The remaining 115 were suspected cases of pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In proved as well as suspected cases of tuberculosis, the mean optical density was much higher than among normal controls, which was statistically significant. Thus A-60 ELISA test is a useful diagnostic aid in suspected pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Frequency and morphology of tuberculosis in autopsies: increase of active forms].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tuberculosis is still a relevant infectious disease, which is clinically often not diagnosed during a patient's lifetime. We investigated the frequency of tuberculosis in autopsies. METHODS: 3947 autopsy reports from the Institute of Pathology at the Ruhr University Bochum,were analysed for the period from 1990 to 2004. Tuberculosis was mentioned in 148 reports. RESULTS: 55 (1.39%) cases showed relevant tuberculosis. In 39 (70.9%) cases further other relevant diseases were diagnosed. Lung involvement was grossly present in 52 (94.6%) cases. Of the active forms, 16 (29.1%) showed acinar nodal foci, 15 (27.3%) so-called early cavities and 10 (18.2%) caseous pneumonia. Miliary tuberculosis was found in 8 (14.5%) cases, tubercular meningoencephalitis in 7 (12.7%), and tuberculosis of the spine in 4 (7.3%). The inactive forms showed scarring or pleural adhesions (n = 30, 54.5%), late cavities and mycetomas (n = 9, 16.3%). Active forms of tuberculosis were more frequent in the age groups from 30 to 59 and 80 to 99 years. In the last period of the study an increase in active forms (22:2 = 91.7% vs. 18:13 = 58.1%, p = 0.0065) was noted, while 10 of 22 (45.5%) cases were not detected clinically. In 13 (0.33%) cases tuberculosis had been diagnosed as requiring treatment but no tuberculosis was found at autopsy. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of tuberculosis is very important for patients and for inhibiting a possible spread of bacteria, especially considering the increase in frequency of active forms of tuberculosis. Autopsies are still indispensable for providing quality control and disease statistics.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Sero-prevalence of HIV antibodies in tuberculosis patients in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is of major public health concern worldwide more so in sub-Saharan Africa where there is an upsurge in the incidence of the disease. Reports from developed countries have shown that a close link exists between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pulmonary tuberculosis. No such study has ever been carried out in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among randomly selected tuberculosis patients seen in a Nigerian chest clinic using third generation ELISA kits that detect HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains. RESULTS: Of the 79 subjects with confirmed active tuberculosis, 12.7% tested positive for HIV antibodies compared with 2.0% of subjects without tuberculosis designated as the control group--a value that is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Farmers, artisans and students contributed a large proportion of the seropositive sera. Although the seroprevalence rate of 12.7% is low compared with the rates from eastern and southern African countries, this value was threefold higher than 5.2% value reported in metropolitan Lagos--suggesting concern about the spread of HIV in a semi-urban centre such as Ile-Ife. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a close link exists between active tuberculosis and HIV infection in Ile-Ife, Nigeria which underscores the urgent need to monitor tuberculosis patients as the increase in the rate of new cases may indicate the spread of HIV infection. The study also recommends that an aggressive public awareness programme be undertaken to enlighten communities about the risk of TB/HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1983

The BCG controversy. A methodological and statistical reappraisal.

Because of the conflicting results of eight major controlled trials, BCG vaccination against tuberculosis remains controversial despite more than 50 years of use. Suspecting a methodological source for the controversy, we reviewed the scientific and statistical quality of each trial. The analysis showed that (1) although biased allocation of the vaccine appeared an unlikely explanation for the disparate results, adequate demonstration of unbiased detection of tuberculosis was available only for the three trials reporting 75% or greater protective efficacy; and (2) in most trials reporting low efficacy, the results had wide confidence intervals that could not exclude high efficacy, but the trials reporting high efficacy all had narrow confidence intervals that excluded low efficacy. Because the trials with the best methodological quality and greatest statistical precision reported high efficacy, the evidence suggests that BCG can confer a high degree of protection against tuberculosis and that bias or inadequate statistical power may have contributed to the conflicting data.

BCG Vaccine↗