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PubMed1993

Nerve conduction velocities and hair concentrations of trace elements in haemodialysis patients.

Nerve conduction velocities and hair concentrations of trace elements were studied in 19 male patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis. Both motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were significantly lower in haemodialysis patients as compared to controls (p < 0.001). Calcium and aluminium concentrations were significantly higher in patients (p < 0.01), however, vanadium and arsenic levels were significantly lower in patients (p < 0.01). In concentrations of copper and zinc there was no significant difference between patients and controls. There were no significant correlations between hair concentrations of trace elements and nerve conduction velocities except between calcium concentration and sensory nerve conduction velocity. These facts suggest that nerve conduction velocities are not influenced by changes of trace element concentrations in hair in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Trace element changes in the pancreas during viral infection in mice.

INTRODUCTION: The trigger for some cases of juvenile diabetes has been suggested to be an interaction between a virus and various trace elements. Infection with human coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) in the murine model results in viral replication and inflammation in the pancreas. AIM: To determine how infection affects the trace element balance in the pancreas. METHODOLOGY: Concentrations of the following trace elements were measured in the serum and pancreas during the early phase (days 1 and 3) of CB3 infection in female Balb/c mice: aluminium, arsenic, cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), selenium, silver, vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). The trace element concentrations were measured through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The histopathology was established by hematoxylin-eosin techniques and immunohistochemical staining of both CD4 and CD8 cells of the pancreas. RESULTS: Infected mice developed expected clinical signs of disease. The only changes at day 1 occurred in the serum, with a pronounced decrease in the Zn concentration and a small increase in the V concentration. At day 3, concentrations of several trace elements, including Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, V, and Mn, showed pronounced changes in both the serum and the pancreas. Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, and V, but none of the potentially toxic elements, accumulated in the pancreas. Cu and V concentrations increased in the serum as well. CONCLUSION: Several trace element changes, preceding the development of pancreatitis, occurred in the pancreas in this viral infection, the exact pathogenic interpretation of which warrants further studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Health effects of airborne particulate matter trace elements.

The effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) trace elements on health are widely concerned nowadays. Many achievements have been made while many unknowns exist. This article reports the recent research progresses, describes the effects of exposure to PM trace elements on health epidemiological evidence, toxicology findings, and raises some questions for future studies.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

Sequential thoracentesis: minor change of zinc compared to other selected essential trace elements in the serum.

This study first indicates that the serum trace element Zn tends to decrease in the course of sequential thoracenteses. Other selected essential elements such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co) do not reveal loss changes in their serum levels. Therefore, Zn should be monitored in patients who undergo repeated thoracentesis. To measure the magnitude of changes in serum trace elements and the clinical relevance of potential imbalances, concentrations of the essential elements are analyzed in 57 serum/effusion pairs obtained from 5 patients (4 male, 1 female; age 28-78 yr) who underwent repeated thoracenteses as a result of recurrent pleural effusion. All patients declined other therapeutic options such as chemical pleurodesis and/or chest tube placement. The total volumes of fluid removed ranged from 2.3 to 19.3 L and the frequency of thoracentesis ranged from 6 to 15 within a period of 102-174 days. Two patients had benign pleural disease and three had malignancies. Three patients suffered from pleural effusions resulting from exudates (total protein content > 3.0 g/dL, LDH > 200 U/L), and two resulting from transudates (total protein < 3.0 g/dL, LDH < 200 U/L). All trace elements were simultaneously determined by inductively coupled argon plasma-mass spectrometry. In addition, the concentrations of the following clinically relevant parameters were analyzed by standard methods: total protein, pH, leukocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Extent of trace-element contamination from simulated compounding of total parenteral nutrient solutions.

The extent and sources of trace-element contamination during simulated manual and automated compounding of total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solutions were studied. Four experimental groups were prepared: (1) sterile water for injection as received from the manufacturer, (2) TPN bags manually filled with sterile water for injection, (3) TPN bags automatically filled with sterile water for injection, and (4) sterile water for injection manually added directly to sample vials (i.e., bypassing the TPN bag). After the bags had been stored for 16 hours at 4 degrees C, samples were analyzed for 66 trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Of the 66 trace elements analyzed for, 3 (zinc, boron, and aluminum) were present as contaminants in each of the experimental groups. Very low background concentrations of zinc, boron, and aluminum were found to contaminate the sterile water as received from the manufacturer. Simulated compounding (manual or automated) in TPN bags did not contribute additional boron or aluminum but did result in a mean total zinc concentration of 35.4 micrograms/L; of this, 12.4 micrograms/L came from the compounding equipment, 9.1 micrograms/L from the TPN bag, and 13.9 micrograms/L from the sterile water for injection. Although the amount of zinc contributed by compounding was significantly higher than the background level, the amount was inconsequential compared with that needed to satisfy physiological requirements. Simulated compounding of TPN solutions either manually or with an automated system contributed minimal trace-element contamination.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1978

[Interaction among the trace elements zinc, copper and iron after depletion and repletion of dairy cows with zinc].

Imbalances in the supply with trace elements may be caused by the excessive administration of one or several elements or the insufficient administration in relation to other trace elements. This article deals with the interactions between the trace elements zinc and copper resp. zinc and iron under the conditions of the insufficient supply with Zn (6 mg per kg dry matter of the fodder) and the supply according to the demand with other trace elements (14 mg copper resp. 83 mg iron per dry matter of the fodder). For this purpose we investigated the copper, iron and zinc content of the milk and the serum of cows that were first depleted of zinc through a semi-synthetic zinc deficiency diet and then repleted with extra allowances of zinc. The closest connections exist between the copper and zinc content of the milk. Thus extreme Zn-deficiency feeding conditions the decreased Zn-content on the one hand and increased Cu-content on the other. In contrast to this, the cows' Zn-excretion in the milk increases after Zn-repletion whereas the Cu-content decreases. This shows a distinctly negative correlation. A loose connection could only be detected for the Cu- and Zn-content of the serum. Though the Zn-content changed considerably in dependence on the Zn-supply, the Cu-content remained largely uninfluenced. The Fe-content of both milk and serum shows no interaction with the nutritive Zn-supply. Only after 19 test weeks of extreme Zn-deficiency could a slight increase of the Fe-concentration be indicated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methodological aspects of risk simulation of trace element deficiencies].

Methodological aspects of risk simulation of trace element deficiencies are considered. A functional algorithm of epidemiological diagnosis of mass noncommunicable diseases is presented. The principles and a general algorithm of risk simulation of cause-result relationships in trace element deficiencies are given. The methodological aspects developed are a guideline for working out a conceptual subsystem model for the topical problem of health, determine the basic trends of integration of different services for implementation of the total strategy of prevention in the region.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Serum trace elements in Zairian mothers and their newborns.

OBJECTIVES: Pregnant women in developing countries might be at risk of trace element deficiencies. These deficiencies could have deleterious effects on fetus. Therefore, serum trace elements were determined at delivery in Zairian mothers and their newborns. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Maternity ward of Kinshasa University Hospital (Zaire). SUBJECTS: 166 pregnant women admitted for delivery and their newborns. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Zinc, copper and selenium were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Haematocrit, lymphocyte count, transferrin, ferritin and anthropometric indices (birth weight, length, head and arm circumferences; mother weight) were also evaluated. RESULTS: Serum selenium concentrations were high [mothers: 0.76-1.56 mumol/l (60-124 micrograms/l), newborns: 0.45-1.21 mumol/l (36-96 micrograms/l)]; zinc concentrations were low [mothers: 3.9-11.9 mumol/l (253-773 micrograms/l), newborns: 5.8-17.4 mumol/l (378-1130 micrograms/l)] and copper concentrations were in the range of previous works [mothers: 16.2-49.0 mumol/l (1020-3088 micrograms/l), newborns: 0.7-14.3 mumol/l (44-900 micrograms/l)]. Mother serum indices, age, weight and parity had little influence on newborn serum trace elements. In umbilical serum, copper was correlated to selenium (r = 0.340, P < 0.01); selenium (r = 0.310, P < 0.001) and copper (r = 0.404, P < 0.001) were correlated to transferrin. Newborn selenium (r = 0.310, P < 0.001) and copper (r = 0.257, P < 0.01) concentrations were related to head circumference. Newborn selenium concentration varied according to birth weight [< 2500 g: 0.58-0.86 mumol/l (45-67 micrograms/l); > 2500 g: 0.48-1.20 mumol/l (37-94 micrograms/l). Umbilical serum copper concentration was related to birth length (r = 0.197, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that: (1) copper and selenium status at delivery in Zairian mothers are similar to those in developed countries, whereas zinc status is poor; (2) trace element and nutritional status in the mother and fetus are independent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Influence of lanthanum on the uptake of trace elements in cucumber plant.

The effects of La3+ on the uptake of trace elements (Se, Co, V, and Tc) in cucumber plants were studied by a radioactive multitracer technique. It was observed that the uptake and distribution of these trace elements in roots, stems, and leaves are different under different La3+ treatments. Furthermore, in the control, the plant accumulates 75Se, 56Co, and 48V all in the order roots>leaves>stems, whereas 95mTc was in the order leaves>stems>roots. The accumulations of 75Se and 95mTc in plants treated with different La3+ concentration were in the same order as those in the control, but the uptakes percentages of other kinds of element changed differently. The results indicate that lanthanum treatments to a growing cucumber lead to the change of uptake of trace elements, which suggest that a rare earth element is directly or indirectly involved in the ion transport of the plant and affects plant growth by regulating the uptake and distribution of elements that influence the plant cell physiology and biochemistry.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed2005

Trace element accumulation in fishes collected from coastal waters of the Caspian Sea.

Concentrations of 13 trace elements (V, Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Hg, Tl and Pb) were determined in muscle of bony fishes collected from coastal areas of the Caspian Sea (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Iran). In all the fishes, Zn concentration was highest, followed by Cu, Se, Mn and Co, while levels of toxic elements (Ag, Cd, Cd, Tl and Pb) were relatively low. Concentrations of several elements were significantly varied between the species in each sampling area. For most of the trace elements examined, the concentrations decreased significantly with body weight of fishes. In contrast, a positive correlation with body weight was found for Co, Se and Pb concentrations in one fish species, and Hg in 2 fish species. Geographical difference in the concentrations of trace elements was examined using the Caspian roach collected from five stations of Iranian coastal waters. The concentrations of Co, Mo, Ag, Cd and Tl were higher in fishes from western stations than those from eastern stations, whereas the opposite trend was observed for Hg, indicating that local sources of trace metal pollution may be present in the Iranian coastal areas of the Caspian Sea. Levels of trace elements in Caspian fishes were relatively low in comparison to those of other regions, but Zn and Hg levels in some specimens exceeded the guideline values for food.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Factors influencing the absorption of trace elements in healthy conditions and in gastrointestinal diseases.

Trace element metabolism is regulated by numerous factors among which absorption plays a key role. Nutritional imbalances or diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract are therefore often implicated in the development of deficiency states. An overview of dietary factors linked to trace element metabolism and intestinal factors influencing absorption is given with special reference to zinc, copper and selenium.

Copper↗
PubMed1997

Detecting subclinical deficiency of essential trace elements in children with special reference to zinc and selenium.

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews situations in which we should be alert to the risk of trace element deficiencies, and the difficulties of assessing trace element status, as illustrated by states of potential subclinical deficiency of zinc and selenium in infants. CONCLUSION: Deficiency states of many trace elements have been documented in infants, and there is probably an underdiagnosed group of infants with subclinical deficiency, from which however the great majority are protected by effective regulatory systems. Specific, sensitive, and reliable methods are needed for the detection of trace element imbalances.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Research on relationships of gastric cancer with serum trace elements, Helicobacter pylori and COX-2 in gastric tissue].

The relationships of gastric cancer with serum trace elements, helicobacter pylori (HP) and COX-2 in gastric tissue were investigated. We took 50 blood samples from the gastric cancer patients in Hexi region (the gastric cancer group), and 50 blood samples from healthy volunteers (control group) and detected the level of trace elements, the rate of HP infection, and the expression of COX-2 in gastric tissue. The results showed the levels of Cu/Zn, Fe in the serum of the gastric cancer group were higher than those of the control group respectively(P < 0.05, 0.01), and the levels of Zn, Mn were lower than those of the control group respectively (P < 0.05, 0.01). The data on Zn were submitted to multi-variate non-conditional logistic analysis. The rate of HP infection and the positive expression of COX-2 were 88% and 78% respectively in the gastric cancer group, 42.0% and 0 in the control group (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the decrease of Zn in serum may be a precancerous factor of gastric cancer development which induces HP infection and the higher expression of COX-2 and hence may lead to the development of gastric cancer. Detecting the trace elements could conduce to the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Regulating the level of trace element in the patient can be an effective chemoprophylaxis for gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Association between oxidative stress and changes of trace elements in patients with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between oxidative stress and certain trace elements in the blood of breast cancer patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in serum of patients with breast cancer (n = 35) and controls (n = 35) by high performance liquid chromatography. Trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: In the present study, significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA, was demonstrated in the serum of breast cancer patients (p < 0.01). The concentrations of zinc and iron remained unaltered. However, the mean serum copper level in patients with breast cancer was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.01). In addition, the mean serum selenium level in patients with stage III was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was also observed between copper and MDA levels in the patient group but not in the control group. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the presence of an association between oxidative stress and trace elements was observed in patients with breast cancer. We suggest that increased oxidative stress in patients with breast cancer may result from changes in the levels of certain trace elements.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Contents of ten trace elements in Epimedium acuminatum Franch. and its different processed products].

OBJECTIVE: Determine and compare the contents of ten trace elements in crude E. acuminatum and its three different processed products. METHOD: Using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULT: The ten trace elements were found in both the crude drug and its three processed products, and in terms of contents some of the trace elements in all the three processed products are higher than those in the crude drug. CONCLUSION: According to the trace element contents, the three processed products of E. acuminatum have their own advantages. It is thus suggested that thoroughgoing clinical and experimental researches be performed anew for the long-shelved processing methods.

Epimedium↗
PubMed2002

Profile of trace element concentrations in the feto-placental unit in relation to fetal growth.

BACKGROUND: During pregnancy, trace elements are indispensable for life maintenance not only for the mother but also for the fetus. The purpose of this study was to examine whether fetal growth is associated with altered levels of trace elements in maternal blood, fetal blood, and placenta tissue. METHODS: Twenty-one pairs of healthy mothers and their newborns with intrauterine growth restriction delivered after 34 weeks of gestation were recruited for the study. In addition, 30 pairs of healthy mothers and their appropriate for gestational age newborns were included as controls. Maternal venous blood, umbilical cord venous and arterial blood, and placenta tissue were collected immediately after delivery. Six essential elements, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, and selenium, and four other elements, rubidium, strontium, cadmium, and cesium, in those samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Compared with appropriate for gestational age cases, intrauterine growth restriction cases showed higher magnesium, copper, and selenium concentrations in umbilical cord arterial sera, and higher magnesium and selenium concentrations in placenta tissue, but no significant differences appeared for the elements measured in maternal and umbilical cord venous sera. The umbilical cord venous vs. maternal sera concentration ratio was elevated for copper, and the umbilical cord arterial vs. umbilical cord venous sera concentration ratios were elevated for copper and zinc, but there were no differences in placenta tissue vs. maternal sera concentration ratios in intrauterine growth restriction cases. CONCLUSIONS: Among the trace elements evaluated, magnesium, copper, zinc, and selenium showed elevated concentrations in umbilical cord arterial blood, or elevated umbilical cord arterial vs. umbilical cord venous blood concentration ratios in intrauterine growth restriction cases. Reduced consumption efficiency of these four essential trace elements may be closely associated with retarded fetal development.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Reduction of nosocomial pneumonia after major burns by trace element supplementation: aggregation of two randomised trials.

INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial pneumonia is a major source of morbidity and mortality after severe burns. Burned patients suffer trace element deficiencies and depressed antioxidant and immune defences. This study aimed at determining the effect of trace element supplementation on nosocomial or intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia. METHODS: Two consecutive, randomised, double-blinded, supplementation studies including two homogeneous groups of 41 severely burned patients (20 placebo and 21 intervention) admitted to the burn centre of a university hospital were combined. Intervention consisted of intravenous trace element supplements (copper 2.5 to 3.1 mg/day, selenium 315 to 380 mug/day, and zinc 26.2 to 31.4 mg/day) for 8 to 21 days versus placebo. Endpoints were infections during the first 30 days (predefined criteria for pneumonia, bacteraemia, wound, urine, and other), wound healing, and length of ICU stay. Plasma and skin (study 2) concentrations of selenium and zinc were determined on days 3, 10, and 20. RESULTS: The patients, 42 +/- 15 years old, were burned on 46% +/- 19% of body surface: the combined characteristics of the patients did not differ between the groups. Plasma trace element concentrations and antioxidative capacity were significantly enhanced with normalisation of plasma selenium, zinc, and glutathione peroxidase concentrations in plasma and skin in the trace element-supplemented group. A significant reduction in number of infections was observed in the supplemented patients, which decreased from 3.5 +/- 1.2 to 2.0 +/- 1.0 episodes per patient in placebo group (p < 0.001). This was related to a reduction of nosocomial pneumonia, which occurred in 16 (80%) patients versus seven (33%) patients, respectively (p < 0.001), and of ventilator-associated pneumonia from 13 to six episodes, respectively (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Enhancing trace element status and antioxidant defences by selenium, zinc, and copper supplementation was associated with a decrease of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill, severely burned patients.

Adult↗