[Asepsis and antisepsis in modern surgery].
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The notion of nosocomial infection is intimately related with that of working or sejourning in a health care institution and would thus not concern the physician's office. Nevertheless, the risk of infection does exist in this setting, both for patients and personnel, and requires adequate preventive measures. The practitioner is called upon to care for patients who have community-acquired or possibly nosocomial infections following hospitalization and must therefore know the type of germ involved, its characteristics, particularly antibiotic sensitivity, the predominant modes of transmission and preventive measures against propagation, latrogenic infections such as abscess formation at a point of injection or septic arthritis after infiltration may also occur. Other more technical procedures (endoscopy, minor surgery) may also be a cause of contamination. The practitioner also produces wastes (needles, vaccine syringes, dressings) which must be disposed of in accordance with legal regulations. One must avoid contaminating oneself in order not to contaminate others. This requires adequate knowledge and application of elementary rules concerning hand washing, asepsis, antisepsis, and waste disposal, essential links in the chain of infection transmission.
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Therapeutic acts often surgically practised in the dental office can lead to the transmission of infectious diseases such as A.I.D.S. To prevent this, the authors propose guideline base acts for antisepsis and asepsis. In conclusion, the authors exhort for an integration of these antiseptic acts in the efficient working of the dental office for an effective prevention of these infectious diseases in the area.
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To evaluate hygiene in dental offices in Dakar, the authors questioned 64 public, private and semi-private dentists. From 62 practitioners who completed their questionnaire, it appeared that the dry-heated sterilizer (poupinel) was 5 times more used than the autoclave; The almost practitioners sayed respecting the sterilisation process and 66% of them said wearing gloves, masks and glasses during interventions. In spite of the hope these results give, this study is limited because it doesn't take into account many aspects of asepsis and antisepsis in dental office which require a rigorous application next to a personal who needs to be better trained.
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