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PubMed1978

[What is the use of an occupational physician?].

In four occidental countries, an analysis of available statistics shows a decrease of industrial accidents, occupational diseases and tuberculosis during the last decades. However this decrease is correlated neither with the number of occupational physicians, nor with the spread of statutory annual medical examinations. Efficient prevention depends mainly on measures taken by the employers and employees themselves. If the medical examination in itself doesn't protect the worker, tasks of the occupational physician should be reassessed: a) to identify health hazards in industry by clinical and epidemiological surveys, b) to advise on safety at work, c) to control the effectiveness of the measures taken by medical examination and/or biological tests of workers exposed to well defined hazards. Occupational health could be developped in Switzerland, with limited cost, but sharing the tasks between the occupational physicians already working in the large industries and new occupational State-physicians in cantons or regions.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Tuberculosis among immigrants in the United Kingdom: the role of occupational health services.

Immigrant workers in the United Kingdom account for 7.8% of the working population. Their health problems fall into three groups--imported diseases, occupational accidents, and acquired diseases. In the latter group, tuberculosis is still a major problem. A retrospective study tracing notifiable cases of tuberculosis to points of entry at Heathrow Airport indicates that the majority of immigrants acquire the disease after entry. The occupational health services have a great role to play in detecting the new cases very early and in providing appropriate screening and follow-up. Proper co-ordination between occupational and community health services will give the best results and lead to a rapid decline of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Replantation of the upper extremity in children.

Since Malt and McKhann performed the first successful replantation of a traumatically amputated extremity in 1962, there has been a flurry of case reports and articles debating the pros and cons of the various technical aspects of replantation. There have been three case reports of children, under the age of 15, who have successfully undergone replantation of the upper extremity transected throught the humerus. The first case report in this article is the fourth. The factors involved in selecting replantation or amputation, and the technical aspects of the operation which are felt to be important, are briefly reviewed. Because the mechanics of limb replantation are rather straightforward, we feel that the pediatric surgeon should be familar with the preoperative and intraoperative factors to be weight, and that this alternative to stump closure be carefully considered when one is presented with an upper extremity transection.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1978

Spinal injuries in Rangoon, Burma.

Spinal injuries in Burma as a result of a fall from height, especially from trees, in young male adults in low socio-economic classes; road traffic accidents are the second commonest cause; deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is very rare during the period of immobilisation. There are still some social problems of getting back to work and living conditions. We are trying our best to help the patients with spinal injuries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1978

The fault doctrine and injury control.

An analogy is drawn between the fourteenth-century conceptualization of infectious disease and the twentieth-century conceptualization of trauma. In both cases, causality is associated with faulty human behavior which acts as a handicap to progress. It is suggested that the practice of attributing accident causality to faulty behavior restricts the development of preventive activities in three ways: it implies that allocation of culpability is synonymous with identification of cause; it inhibits countermeasure implementation directly; and it concentrates on behavior instead of environmental hazards. A more useful and more appropriate approach is outlined and discussed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of extensive avulsions of skin and subcutaneous tissues.

This article deals with the treatment of extensive avulsion injuries. Five out of twenty-eight cases of extensive avulsion injuries are presented and illustrated. All of these injuries were caused by machinery or automobile accidents and were encountered in the three-year period from 1972 to 1975. Etiology, pathology, and treatment with mechanical and chemical debridement, porcine skin grafts, fasciotomy, delayed primary closure, stamp or mesh skin grafts, and skin flaps are detailed and discussed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1979

[Catamnestic study of 92 cases of burned patients: medico-legal considerations].

The authors have examined 1478 burned or scalded patients of the Plastic Surgery Institute of the University of Parma from 1967 to 1976; they have considered particularly 92 cases who showed more than 20% of burned skin. For these patients they have considered many data of medico-legal interest in order to facilitate the estimate of the personal damage in penal and civil law.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1975

[Burns combined with mechanical trauma].

On the basis of several years' material the mechanical lesions combined with burns are analysed by the authors and the diagnostical and therapeutical problems are dealt with. On the basis of their experiences it is pointed out that in the case of primary surgical management the reciprocal aggravating effect does not develop. Even in second-degree burned area primary healing of the suture following the wound excision has been observed. Extension treatment of the fracture is but rarely successful, the ideal method is the stable osteosynthesis.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1975

[Injuries of the cervical spine].

In connection with 44 patients, who suffered injuries of the cervical spine, the types of the fracture and dislocation of the cervical spine are discussed. The injuries of the cervical spine--with or without injury of the spinal marrow--signify hard tast in respect of therapy. The conservative (extension) treatment of surgical intervention are even nowadays much debated themes in the neurosurgery. The introduction of Crutchfield tongs was a definite advance in the latter years. With this treatment method the restitution of the form, continuity and stability of the cervical spine is possible. In the opinion of the authors, surgical intervention (laminectomy) is necessary only in the case of progressive symptoms of compression of the cervival marrow (liquorstop). The survival of the patients depends often on the quick and proper treatment. The prevention of complications and the quick elimination are of great importance. Safeguarding of the physical and psychical conditions of the patients is the essential requirement of their rehabilitation after injuries of the cervical spine.

Accidents, Occupational↗