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29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Capillary zone electrophoresis of p-aminobenzoic acid derivatives of aldoses, ketoses and uronic acids.

Aldoses, ketoses and uronic acids were derivatized with p-aminobenzoic acid and separated as their borate complexes by capillary zone electrophoresis, using a capillary tube of fused silica containing 150 mM borate buffer, pH 10.0, as carrier. The electrophoretic mobilities of 22 carbohydrates were determined and found to increase with increasing stability of the borate complexes formed. Besides the number of hydroxyl groups and the presence of substituents, complex stability depended most strongly on the configuration of the three vicinal hydroxyl groups at C2, C3 and C4. On-column UV monitoring at 285 nm allowed the detection of glucose with a lower mass detection limit of 15 fmol and a concentration sensitivity of 4 microM. Reproducible quantification of carbohydrates was achieved at least in the concentration range of 0.1-10 mM in reaction solutions by the relative peak area method, using cinnamic acid as internal standard. The method was applied successfully to the determination of the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides extracted from Radix althaeae.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed2006

Antioxidant activity of medicinal plant polysaccharides.

Eleven polysaccharides have been isolated from the leaves of Arctium lappa var. herkules, Aloe barbadensis, Althaea officinalis var. robusta, Plantago lanceolata var. libor, aerial parts and roots of Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii, stems of Mahonia aquifolium, and peach-tree (Prunus persica) gum exudates. The polysaccharides were investigated for their ability to inhibit peroxidation of soyabean lecithin liposomes by OH radicals. The highest inhibition was found with glucuronoxylans of A. officinalis var. robusta and P. lanceolata var. libor, aerial parts. Their antioxidant activity accounted for approximately 69% of the activity of the reference compound alpha-tocopherol. The activity of eight polysaccharides ranged from 20 to 45%, while the fructofuranan from P. lanceolata var. libor roots was practically inactive.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1988

High-performance liquid chromatographic characterization of some medical plant extracts used in cosmetic formulas.

Rapid and reliable methods are presented for the characterization of biologically active and/or characteristic constituents in aqueous extracts of Hamamelis virginiana, Matricaria chamomilla, Achillea millefolium, Thymus vulgaris, Althaea officinalis and Cinchonia spp. Prior to high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation a clean-up step was performed using a solid-phase extraction system. The purified extracts were analysed by HPLC coupled with a diode-array detector and a fluorescence detector. In some instances, previously unreported components of the aqueous plant extracts were found.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Histochemical changes in the Leydig cells of rats drinking the aqueous hollyhock extract.

The effect of aqueous hollyhock flower (Althaea rosea Cav. var. nigra) extract on the rat Leydig cell metabolism and morphology was studied using histochemical, morphometric and radioimmunological methods. The rats were drinking the extract for 30 days (group A1) and for 180 days (group A2). Leydig cells of group A1 manifested marked increase in the 3beta-HSD, G6PD and NADPD activities and in the Khanolkar reaction intensity. These findings were accompanied by the increase in the volume of Leydig cells and their nuclei. In group A2 Leydig cells, statistically insignificant changes in the G6PD and NADPD activities were observed, however, the significant increase in the 3beta-HSD activity and the Khanolkar reaction intensity indicated compensatory changes. The statistically significant elevation of the androgen level accompanied by a decrease in estrogen content in homogenates of group A2 testes pointed to weak antiestrogenic effect of the extract. The obtained results indicate an influence of the hollyhock extract on steroid metabolism.

Androgens↗
PubMed1992

[Antitussive action of extracts and polysaccharides of marsh mallow (Althea officinalis L., var. robusta)].

The complex extract and the polysaccharide isolated from the roots of marsh mallow were tested for antitussive activity in unanaesthetized cats of both sexes. Cough was elicited by mechanical stimulation of laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial mucous area of the respiratory system with a Nylon fibre (diameter 0.35 mm). Cough was evaluated on the basis of the changes in lateral tracheal pressure. The polysaccharide and the complex extract were administered p.o. in a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The efficiency of the mentioned compounds was compared with the cough-suppressing effect of drugs belonging to the non-narcotic antitussics. The results of the experiments showed that administration of the polysaccharide led to a statistically significant decrease of the number of cough efforts both from laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial areas of the the respiratory system. The polysaccharide in a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. was as effective in inhibition of the cough reflex as Sirupus Althaeae in a dose of 1000 mg/kg b.w. and more effective than prenoxdiazine in a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. However, the cough-suppressing effect of the polysaccharide was lower than that of dropropizine. The extract was less effective than the polysaccharide.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Herbs and herbal preparations applied in the treatment of gastric hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcer in cigarette smokers].

The origins of gastric hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcer appearance includes genetic predisposition, incorrect diet and unbalanced lifestyle, e.g. increased stress level, cigarette smoking. Herbal drugs have been proved to be very effective in treatment of hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcer. They can be applied as drugs supplementing or enhancing the activity of synthetic medicines. Moreover, herbal drugs have been successfully applied inprophylactic of hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcer. Herbal therapeutic preparations are administered as infusions from individual herbs, from mixtures of herbs, tinctures, herbal preparations. The most often used herbs include mucus: Lini semen, Psylli semen, Foenugraeci semen, Althaeae radix/folium, Sinapis albae semen; antiphlogistic volatile-oils: Chamomillae anthodium, Millefolii herba, moreover Glycyrrhizae radix, Aloe gel.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of various phytotherapeutic expectorants on mucociliary transport].

The normal transport velocity of the isolated ciliated epithelium of the frog oesophagus was proved to be 228 +/- 15 micron . s-1. Bromhexin increased this transport rate 1.34 fold and KNEIPP-Hustentee 1.38 fold. The components of the cough tea had different effects on the mucociliar activity. The following ingredients increased the transport rate with falling rank order: Folia farfarae (coltsfoot), fructus foeniculi (fennel), and fructus anisi (anise). Herba plantaginis (plantain), flores verbasci (torch weed), and radix liquiritiae (liquorice) were ineffective whereas semen foenigraeci (foenugrec), radix althaeae (marsh mallow), and herba thymi (mother of thyme) had an inhibiting effect in raising rank order. The latter two groups of ingredients are constituents of the tea because of their attributed additional effects, e.g. protective effects due to mucous layers in the hypopharynx and spasmolytic, secretolytic and bactericide effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Targeted gene disruption of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides reveals evidence that glycerol is a significant transferred nutrient from host plant to fungal pathogen.

Unidirectional transfer of nutrients from plant host to pathogen represents a most revealing aspect of the parasitic lifestyle of plant pathogens. Whereas much effort has been focused on sugars and amino acids, the identification of other significant metabolites is equally important for comprehensive characterization of metabolic interactions between plants and biotrophic fungal pathogens. Employing a strategy of targeted gene disruption, we generated a mutant strain (gpdhDelta) defective in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in a hemibiotrophic plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae. The gpdhDelta strain had severe defects in carbon utilization as it could use neither glucose nor amino acids for sustained growth. Although the mutant mycelia were able to grow on potato dextrose agar medium, they displayed arrhythmicity in growth and failure to conidiate. The metabolic defect of gpdhDelta could be entirely ameliorated by glycerol in chemically defined minimal medium. Furthermore, glycerol was the one and only metabolite that could restore rhythmic growth and conidiation of gpdhDelta. Despite the profound defects in carbon source utilization, in planta the gpdhDelta strain exhibited normal pathogenicity, proceeded normally in its life cycle, and produced abundant conidia. Analysis of plant tissues at the peripheral zone of fungal infection sites revealed a time-dependent reduction in glycerol content. This study provides strong evidence for a role of glycerol as a significant transferred metabolite from plant to fungal pathogen.

Althaea↗
PubMed2005

[Development of cough-relieving herbal teas].

Cough-relieving medicinal herbs in tea are used from ancient times. Mucilage present in them or secretion produced under the influence of the active substances covers the oral and throat mucosa soothing its irritability and relieving dry, tiresome cough. It is known that the mixtures of medicinal herbs (Specias) have a complex influence on the human organism and the rational combination of medicinal herbs can improve their curative action and decrease the undesirable side effects. Having summarized the properties of those medicinal herbs we decided to create two formulations of cough-relieving herbal tea. The first formulation consists of marshmallow roots, liquorice roots and lime flowers, the second -- of marshmallow roots, Iceland moss and lime flowers. The methods for identification and assay of the active substances in the compounds were applied. The purity of the mixtures was regulated by limitation of the loss on drying, total ash, microbial contamination, contamination with radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides and foreign matter. The expiry date of both cough-relieving herbal teas was approved to be 2 years.

Althaea↗