PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Anesthesia, Rectal”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prevention of postischemic hyperthermia prevents ischemic injury of CA1 neurons in gerbils.

Halothane-anesthetized Mongolian gerbils were submitted to 5-min bilateral carotid artery occlusion. After ischemia, halothane anesthesia was continued for various periods of up to 85 min, and the degree of CA1 neuronal injury was estimated 7 days later by counting the number of surviving pyramidal cells. During ischemia and postischemic halothane anesthesia, rectal and cranial temperature was kept at control level (37.7 and 37.0 degrees C, respectively) using a feedback-controlled heating system. When anesthesia was discontinued after ischemia, transient hyperthermia occurred. In animals with 0- and 15-min postischemic halothane anesthesia, both cranial and rectal temperature rose by approximately 1.5 degrees C, and the number of surviving CA1 neurons amounted to less than 25% of control. After 45- or 85-min postischemic anesthesia, hyperthermia was significantly reduced and the number of surviving neurons increased to 65 and 89%, respectively. The protective effect of postischemic anesthesia was lost when anesthetized animals were submitted to the same hyperthermic profile as nonanesthetized ones, using a feedback-controlled heating system (16% surviving neurons in hyperthermia vs. 89% in normothermia, respectively). These observations demonstrate that postischemic anesthesia with 1% halothane protects against delayed neuronal death by preventing postischemic hyperthermia and not by its anesthetic effects.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of low-rose prostaglandin E1 on circulation, respiration and body temperature during surgical anesthesia].

We investigated the effects of low-dose prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on circulation, respiration, and body temperature during surgical anesthesia. We studied 109 adult patients undergoing upper abdominal operations under thoracic epidural combined with inhalational anesthesia. Patients were divided into 2 groups; Control group (n = 42) and PGE1 group (n = 67). In PGE1 group, PGE1 infusion was started at the rate of 0.02 microgram.kg-1.min-1 before the induction of anesthesia and was terminated at the end of surgery. There were no differences between the groups in demographic, anesthetic and surgical characteristics. After treatment with PGE1, arterial pressure decreased slightly but significantly, resulting in lower arterial pressure in PGE1 group than in control group before the induction of anesthesia. After the induction of anesthesia, however, arterial pressure decreased significantly in both groups, and the differences in arterial pressure between the groups were not observed any more during surgery. Heart rate was not different between the groups throughout the study period. Intraoperative urine output was greater in PGE1 group than in control group. PaO2/FIO2 ratio was not different between the groups both before and during anesthesia. Rectal temperature remained slightly but significantly lower in PGE1 group throughout surgery. Rectal-to-palm temperature gradient tended to be smaller in PGE1 group 1 hour after the induction of anesthesia. Low-dose PGE1 reduced arterial pressure. However, the difference in arterial pressure between the groups was so small that the difference disappeared during surgery. Meanwhile, low-dose PGE1 increased urine output, suggesting that renal blood flow was better-maintained with PGE1. In spite of several investigations reporting an unfavorable effect of PGE1 on PaO2, low dose PGE1 did not affect PaO2 in this study. Finally low-dose PGE1 reduced core temperature, though slightly, probably through redistribution of the body heat.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Forced-air warming maintains intraoperative normothermia better than circulating-water mattresses.

The hypothesis that forced-air warming preserves core temperature better than circulating-water mattresses was tested in: (a) 16 adults undergoing major maxillofacial surgery, including radical node resection and flap reconstruction; (b) 53 adults undergoing hip arthroplasty, having approximately 25% of their body surface area available for warming; (c) 20 infants undergoing minor maxillofacial surgery; and (d) 10 young children undergoing pelvic or femoral osteotomies. Patients having each type of surgery were randomly assigned to forced-air warming (approximately 40 degrees C) or conductive warming using a full-length circulating-water mattress at 40 degrees C. Forced-air warming was applied to the legs of the adults undergoing maxillofacial surgery and to one arm, the shoulders, and the neck in the adults undergoing hip arthroplasty; a U-shaped, tubular forced-air cover was positioned around the pediatric patients. Core temperatures increased in all patients given forced-air warming and decreased or remained constant in those without active warming. Furthermore, we needed to decrease the temperature of the warmer from high to medium (approximately 37 degrees C) in most patients assigned to forced-air warming to prevent hyperthermia. After 15 h of anesthesia, rectal temperatures in the adults undergoing maxillofacial surgery were 3.4 degrees C higher in the forced-air group (P < 0.01). After 4 h of anesthesia, esophageal temperatures had increased 0.8 +/- 0.5 degrees C in the patients warmed with forced-air and decreased 0.8 +/- 0.3 degrees C in those warmed by circulating-water mattresses (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Changes in rectal temperature during tympanoplasty under general anesthesia].

We measured rectal temperature of 35 patients who underwent tympanoplasty under various types of general anesthesia. They were allocated at random to three groups according to the types of general anesthesia; 10 patients of enflurane-N2O (enflurane group); 10 patients of neuroleptic anesthesia with droperidol, pentazocine-N2O (NLA group); 15 patients of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine (DFK group). After the induction of anesthesia, their rectal temperature was continuously monitored with an electric thermometer of NEC San-ei throughout the surgical procedure. Increase in rectal temperature was observed in all three groups, and increase in DFK group was significant compared with other two groups. It is possible that the significant increase in rectal temperature in DFK group is supposedly due to normally maintained hypothalamic thermoregulatory function as well as direct surgical stimulation to central nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Postoperative nitrogen excretion after amino acid-induced thermogenesis under anesthesia.

UNLABELLED: Amino acid infusions during general anesthesia induce thermogenesis and prevent postoperative hypothermia. The effects of increased heat production during anesthesia on postoperative nitrogen balance have not been examined. Therefore, we studied the effect of perioperative amino acid infusions on postoperative nitrogen excretion in 24 patients scheduled for hysterectomy. Seven volunteers not subjected to anesthesia or surgery were used as awake controls. During isoflurane anesthesia, 8 patients received acetated Ringer's solution, and 16 patients received an IV amino acid mixture, 240 kJ/h, before and during anesthesia. Rectal temperature and energy expenditure were measured. The urinary nitrogen content was calculated from urea, creatinine, and urate the day before surgery and for 4 days postoperatively. Diets were recorded. In anesthetized control patients, postoperative nitrogen excretion was less than preoperative levels. Those patients also experienced the largest decrease in core body temperature during anesthesia (1.7+/-0.1 degrees C). All had postoperative shivering. In the amino acid-treated patients, the temperature decrease during anesthesia was less pronounced (1.0+/-0.1 degrees C; P < 0.001) and postoperative shivering disappeared. In addition, the nitrogen excretion was unchanged postoperatively, perhaps indicating an increase in protein turnover known to generate heat. In conclusion, the increase in heat production induced by amino acids reduced hypothermia, abolished shivering, and attenuated/normalized the postoperative nitrogen saving that occurred in patients who did not receive amino acids. IMPLICATIONS: We compared nitrogen excretion before and after surgery in patients who received a saline or amino acid infusion during isoflurane anesthesia. The increase in heat production induced by amino acids reduced hypothermia, abolished shivering, and attenuated/normalized the postoperative nitrogen saving that occurred in patients who did not receive amino acids.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Postoperative emesis after pediatric strabismus surgery: the effect of dixyrazine compared to droperidol.

Sixty-one children, ASA physical status I, aged 2-14 years, admitted for strabismus surgery were studied. All were premedicated with diazepam and atropin rectally. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental or with halothane on a facemask, and succinylcholine was given to facilitate tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane and nitrous oxide. Each child was randomly assigned to receive either no antiemetic prophylaxis (control), droperidol 0.075 mg/kg, or dixyrazine 0.25 mg/kg. The drugs were injected intravenously at the end of surgery. The incidence of vomiting during the following 24 h was 65% in the control group, 48% in the droperidol group, and 25% in the dixyrazine group (P less than 0.05 as compared to the control group). Four hours after the operation, six children in the droperidol group and none in the dixyrazine group (P less than 0.05) were difficult to arouse. It is concluded that dixyrazine reduces the incidence of postoperative vomiting without causing heavy sedation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Behavioural changes and children's memories after intravenous, inhalation and rectal induction of anaesthesia.

Ninety two-to-seven-year-old children admitted for routine day case ENT operations were randomly allocated to have either intravenous thiopentone (group I), halothane inhalation (group II) or rectal methohexitone (group III) for anaesthesia induction. Using a postoperative questionnaire, the parents evaluated the changes in the child's behaviour one day, one week and one month after the operation. Problematic changes were detected in 17 (59%) children in group I, 14 (50%) in group II and 17 (58%) in group III (NS). Although the children in group II behaved most calmly during the induction they had significantly more negative memories of the induction of anaesthesia (six children in group II vs two in group I and one in group III) and of the hospital in general (17 in group II vs 11 in group I and eight in group III) than children in the other groups. Judging from memories of young children, intravenous and rectal inductions are less distressing to them than inhalational induction.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1990

Changes of plasma zinc and copper at various times of swimming until exhaustion, in the rat.

To characterise the response in the plasma concentration of Zn a total of 60 male Wistar rats (250 g) were divided into six groups of ten rats each. One group did not exercise; the five other groups swam at constant temperature (32/34 degrees C) and were respectively studied after 30, 60, 90, 120 min and at exhaustion. After anesthesia, rectal temperature (RT) was measured and arterial blood was obtained from the abdominal aorta. Acidbase balance, arterial blood gases and plasma concentration of Zn, Cu, Mg, Ca and Hb were measured. The swimming time at exhaustion was (mean +/- SD) 284 +/- 66 min. RT only changed after exhaustion. (H+) increased significantly at 30 min then did not change until exhaustion. (Hb) increased slightly at 90 and 120 min of swimming and after exhaustion. No changes of Mg and Ca except at exhaustion were observed (+7 and +50% respectively). On the other hand, Cu (30 min = +16%; 60 min = +29% exhaustion = +36%) and Zn (30 min = +26%; 60 min = +39%; 120 min = +66% and exhaustion = +76%) increased significantly through the two first hours of exercise. Haemoconcentration, acidosis and RT did not explain the progressive increase of Zn, which seems to be time-dependent and probably related to some degree of stress.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1984

Surgical management of cancer.

In cancer surgery, operating time, tissue trauma and other stress should be minimized because circulating dormant tumor cells may be reactivated by stress, including that of anesthesia. Rectal polyps and Sertoli-cell tumors should be removed as soon after diagnosis as possible. Neutering is recommended to reduce the risk of certain tumors. Biopsies should contain tissue from the center and periphery of the lesion. Laparotomy or thoracotomy may be necessary to visually inspect internal tumors. Debulking or partial resection of large tumors may render them more susceptible to chemotherapy or irradiation. Palliative surgery may be desirable to comfortably prolong an animal's life. In curative surgery, enlarged local lymph nodes should also be resected, hemorrhage controlled and lavage used to prevent tumor-cell seeding. Complete resection should take precedence over reconstructing the defect created by resection.

Animals↗