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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Seasonal variations in the biophysical properties of rabbit aorta and its susceptibility to arteriosclerosis.

The physiological variations in the mechanical properties of rabbit aortae in relation to the periods of hair shedding were studied. The load-strain curves of the eight proximal thoracic segment in 15 shedding and 15 non-shedding male albino rabbits were analysed. The slope of the curves (tangent of the angle between the linear region of the load-strain curve and the strain axis) was decreased in the shedding animals compared to that of the non-shedding animals and the toe of the load-strain curves was significantly lower towards the x-axis in the shedding animals. The observations indicate a lower stiffness, that is increased elasticity, of the aortae of rabbits during hair shedding. The increased elasticity during hair shedding may explain the previously reported resistance to experimental arteriosclerosis caused by the hemodynamic strain elicited by exposure to systemic hypoxia. A decrease in the aortic content of collagen and of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and an increase in the content of hyaluronic acid, may be of importance in the alterations of the mechanical properties of rabbit aorta during hair shedding.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Spontaneous arteriosclerosis in old, male, virgin Sprague--Dawley rats.

Virgin, male, Sprague--Dawley rats were observed from 3 to 34 months of age. Systolic blood pressure rose progressively with age, reaching abnormally elevated levels in some, becoming abnormally low in others. The old virgin males gained and then lost weight progressively with age, their pituitary and adrenal glands were heavier than young rats, and their thymi were greatly involuted. The old virgin rats manifested fatty infiltration of the liver and islet beta cell degranulation concomitant with hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and elevated circulating corticosterone levels. Spontaneous arteriosclerosis, identical to that found in younger breeder rats was found in these old virgin males. Therefore, the vascular and other degenerative changes found in young breeder rats in considered to be an example of accelerated arterial disease.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Successful therapy of advanced arteriosclerosis obliterans with prostacyclin.

Five patients with advanced arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities, as evidenced by resting pain, ischaemic ulcers, and focal necrosis, received intra-arterial infusions of prostacyclin at doses of 5--10 ng/kg/min for 72 h. Within 2 days of termination of the infusion, pain at rest had disappeared in all patients. In three of the five, the necrosis had completely regressed and the ischaemic ulcers healed within 2 months. The other two patients showed considerable improvement. Prostacyclin therapy was not associated with changes in the radiographic appearance of the major blood-vessels. However, muscle blood-flow, as measured by xenon-133 clearance, was significantly increased both during prostacyclin infusion and for the 6 weeks of measurement after its termination.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Increased lysyl oxidase activity in blood vessels of hypertensive rats and effect of beta-aminopropionitrile on arteriosclerosis.

The activity of lysyl oxidase which catalyzes the initial step of cross-linking of collagen and elastin polypeptides was measured in blood vessels of the hypertensive rat. The enzyme activity was increased in the aorta and mesenteric artery when hypertension was induced in 8-week-old rats with administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and 1% saline. Reserpine diminished this increase in vascular lysyl oxidase activity concomitant with reduction in blood pressure. When beta-aminopropionitrile, a specific inhibitor of lysyl oxidase, was administered before the onset of DOCA-salt hypertension, the aortic collagen content was reduced markedly. Concomitant with reduction in the aortic collagen content, the development of hypertension and arteriosclerotic changes in the kidney was partially prevented. These results would indicate that hypertension increases the amount and the degree of cross-linking of vascular collagen and that the deposition of excess collagen in the vascular wall contributes to the development of hypertension and arteriosclerosis.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1977

[The significance of dietary fat in arteriosclerosis. An outmoded theory? (author's transl)].

The high cholesterol content of an atheroma, the frequent occurrence of myocardial infarction with high serum cholesterol, the extensive arteriosclerotic changes in diseases with high serum cholesterol (nephrosis, myxedema) and the occurrence of cholesterol deposits in the aorta in some animals fed with cholesterol are the principal arguments for the lipid theory of arteriosclerosis. But since many observations contradict this theory and the composition of the atheroma is the same as for many granulation tissues which are interpreted as a healing process, it is postulated that atheroma tissue is also to be interpreted as part of a reparative process. Such a hypothesis could explain all the well-known arteriosclerotic changes. Longterm studies in man for testing the serum cholesterol-lowering action of the "unsaturated" vegetable oils include serious errors of method and permit no confirmed conclusions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Corticotropin stimulation of hypertensive rats with and without arteriosclerosis.

Male and female, nonarteriosclerotic (virgin) and arteriosclerotic (breeder), Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the hypertension-producing regimen of uninephrectomy, 1% saline drinking water, and desoxycorticosterone (Percorten) pivalate. Just before autopsy, some of the animals were given a single injection of corticotropin. The acute challenge of corticotropin caused a definite increase in free fatty acids, systolic blood pressure, creatine phosphokinase, glucose, and corticosterone. The two weeks of desoxycorticosterone and 1% saline-induced hypertension caused myocarditis and hyalinization of the coronary arteries of the nonarteriosclerotic (virgin) rats and definite exacerbation of the preexisting arteriosclerosis in breeder rats, severe myocarditis, and polyarteritis nodosa. All of the treated animals manifested lipid depletion of the zona glomerulosa indicative of reduced biosynthesis and secretion of endogenous mineralocorticoids due to the exogenous desoxycorticosterone and saline treatment.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of arterial wall proteoglycan in arteriosclerosis (author's transl)].

Arteriosclerosis is the consequence of numerous factors which may be studied by inspecting; the composition of blood (cholesterol) and haemostasis, as well as, modifications in the composition and structure of aging arterial-wall tissue. Arterial-tunica cells synthesise in particular, elastin and proteoglycan (mucopolysaccharide-protein complexes) which account for the artery's mechanical and elastic properties. We have shown by biochemical separation and characterization that proteoglycan synthesis is considerably modified in aging arterial tissue. The metabolism of these macromolecules declines. Large aggregates of proteoglycan form. Alterations are observed in the distribution of the different protein-associated long chain polysaccharides, in fatty acids and in calcium bound to these proteoglycans favorising the formation of arteriosclerotic plaques. Studies on the aging of arterial cells in culture also demonstrate these same alterations in proteoglycans.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

[Correlations between age, risk factors for arteriosclerosis and endocrine functions (author's transl)].

In 377 males and 528 female factory workers basal serum levels of glucose, neutralfat, cholesterol, Na, K, Ca and LH, FSH, TSH, Prolactin, GH, Insulin, total corticoids and testosteron were determined. Mean values and standard deviations as well as correlations between mean basal hormone levels and other serum parameters, blood pressure and relative body weight (Broca Index) and partial correlations excluding age and relative body weight were calculated. Basal serum levels of LH, FSH, GH and prolactin show age and sex dependent secretion patterns. In men serum insulin-, GH- and total corticoid levels correlate positive significant with glucose and cholesterol levels, relative body weight and blood pressure, which possibly shows, that these hormones may play a role in the development of degenerative heart and blood vessel diseases. Testosteron levels and parameters of fat metabolism, relative body weight and diastolic blood pressure correlate negative significant. Obviously testosteron has a protective effect against arterioslcerotic lesions. In women insulin and GH do not have the same importance as in men. Prolactin serum and cholesterol level correlate negative significant. In postmenopausal women LH and FSH serum levels correlate positive significant with glucose and cholesterol levels, blood pressure and relative body weight, the so called risk factors for arteriosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of carotid artery arteriosclerosis 1966 to 1976. Early and late results (author's transl)].

Early and late results of surgery for carotid arteriosclerosis between 1966 and 1976 were reviewed in 154 patients (192 operations). The percentages of excellent and good early results were 96.7% (stage 0), 91.3% (stage I), 46.6 (stage II) and 51.6% (stage III). Overall mortality was 9.1% within the month (3.8% as neurovascular risk). In late results, out of 140 survivors, the percentages of excellent and good results were 69% in stage 0, 59.7% in stage I, 45.5% in stage II and 56.7% in stage III, the mean delay being 40.5 months. There were 3.6% cases of neurological disorders (0.7% corresponding to the side of the operated carotid artery), 7.1% of vertigo and arterial hypertension, 33 (new) deaths (23.6%) occurred after a mean 31.3 months, of which 16 resulted from some cardiovascular trouble. The cumulative survival curves parallel those of the normal population showing the protection yielded by the operation and the decrease in neurovascular risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Fundus changes due to arteriosclerosis and chronic-arterial hypertension (author's transl)].

The authors report on difficulties in ophthalmoscopac differential diagnosis of fundus changes due to arteriosclerosis and hypertension. An attempt is made to present a classification of hypertensive alterations which -- in close association with the scheme published by Keith, Wagner and Neubauer -- uses the same descriptive terms but restricts itself to distinguish between changes of the vascular system on the one hand and changes of the parenchym as a consequence of the vascular changes on the other hand.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Inhibitors of platelet aggregation in the therapy of arteriosclerosis obliterans].

The central role of the thrombocytes in the initial atherogenesis and the secondary formation of the thrombus on sclerotically changed walls of the vessels is the basis of all experiments to perform a primary or secondary prevention of the atherosclerosis with thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors. Of the numerous thrombocyte-inhibiting substances acetyl salicylic acid, dipyridamol and sulfinpyrazone proved most suitable for clinical purposes. Apparantly for methodical reasons experiments of a primary prevention of the atherosclerosis with aggregation inhibitors have hitherto not be performed. On the other hand, in numerous quantitatively very different studies on patients with manifest cerebral, coronary and peripheral arteriosclerosis the influencibility of the course of the disease was tested by thrombocyte inhibitors. Since correct prospective studies are connected with enormous organisational expenditure and must extend for a longer period many extensive examinations have not yet finished. In the present survey the hitherto existing reports from literature are critically summarized, taking into particular consideration the per ipheral angioorganopathies and first informations on an own study concerning the prophylaxis of the diabetic angiopathy with Micristin are given. The present state of knowledge allows the conclusion that the well founded theoretical concept is apparantly confirmed by practice. However, the successes observed could be statistically ascertained only in individual cases, so that at present a final estimation of the prophylactic value of these preparations is not yet possible.

Arteriosclerosis Obliterans↗
PubMed1979

[Autoantibodies in arteriosclerosi and endangiitis obliterans].

10 of 14 patients with obliterating endangiitis and 2 of 17 patients with obliterating arteriosclerosis had in the serum immunoflorescence-optically provable low titre antibodies against different constituents of smooth musculature (once cross-reacting with transverse and cross striation of the myocardium). Further antibodiies against brush border of proximal renal tubuli, parietal cells, cardiac sarcolemma, cytoplasm of the liver and distal renal tubuli were found. Antibodies against nuclear material, skeletal musculature, further typical antibodies against mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes of the endoplasmatic reticulum as well as so-called pemphigus and pemphigoid antibodies could not be proved. The proof of low titre antibodies against constituents of smooth musculature is in this case regarded as an unspecific marker of an (often) viral inflammation.

Arteriosclerosis Obliterans↗
PubMed1979

[Conservative treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans].

The conservative therapy of the arteriosclerotic obstructive disease demands a complex approach. The basis therapy, the symptomatic treatment of the haemodynamics of the extremity with ill vessels, the pathogenetically oriented therapy as well as the treatment of other localisations of the arteriosclerosis should be used combined. At stage III and IV additional measures, such as combat against pain, therapy with antibiotics and local treatment of tissue lesions are necessary. The results of the therapy should be critically tested not only on the basis of the clinical picture, but also on the basis of the course of the vascular processes.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Production of coronary arteriosclerosis with sex hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in juvenile steelhead and rainbow trout, Salmon gairdneri.

Coronary arteries were examined for significant changes in myointimal hyperplasia in one-year old juvenile steelhead or rainbow trout treated with estradiol, testosterone or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). In one experiment juvenile steelhead trout were injected weekly with 2 microgram/g HCG, 5 microgram/g estradiol cypionate or 5 microgram/g testosterone cypionate for 50 days. Control fish were those killed prior to treatment or injected with fish saline or cottonseed oil. In two experiments juvenile nonanadromous rainbow trout were treated with estrogen and testosterone with the same weekly doses as juvenile steelhead for 42 and 30 days, respectively. In the first experiment juvenile rainbow were injected weekly with 2 microgram/g HCG. Juvenile rainbow treated with estradiol, testosterone and HCG and juvenile steelhead treated with testosterone had larger coronary lesions than untreated or control fish. Coronary hyperplastic nodules resembled morphologically those observed previously in sexually mature steelhead and rainbow trout. These data support the hypothesis that reproductive hormones are causal factors in spontaneously occurring arteriosclerosis in spawning Salmo gairdneri.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arterialization of the coronary veins in diffuse coronary arteriosclerosis.

Since the coronary veins and capillaries are not involved with arteriosclerotic disease the authors performed experimental, and afterwards, clinical total and selective coronary vein arterialization. Acute myocardial ischaemia created for instance by ligation of the anterior descending branch, was treated by an internal mammary artery to regional coronary vein anastomosis. In 21 patients the selective arterialization of the "Vena cordis magna" or of "Vena cordis media", and total arterialization of the coronary sinus was performed. The clinical improvement and follow-up studies seem to be promising in the treatment of patients with advanced diffuse heavy coronary arteriosclerosis. In acute myocardial ischaemia with coronarographically localized coronary occlusion, the aim of regional vein arterialization is to minimize the area of infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement of platelet sensitivity to ADP-aggregation by isometric exercise in arteriosclerosis patients and its prevention.

A new method for assessment of platelet sensitivity to ADP-aggregation was devised. Its reproducibility and the correlations between the values obtained by this method, the optical density (O. D.) method, and the screen filtration pressure (SFP) method were assessed. In summary, this method may be said to have three main points: 1. It can be performed without centrifugation, avoiding mechanical stress to platelets, using only 0.8 ml. of blood and inexpensive equipment. 2. It may reflect different aspects of platelet function from the O. D. method and the SFP method, despite the positve significant correlations between the values obtained by these three methods. 3. It was proved to be highly reproducible and is thought to be useful clinically. By using this method, the effect of sustained isometric exercise by handgripping on platelet aggregability was assessed in coronary sclerotic and cerebral arteriosclerotic patients on placebo and EG-626, a newly synthesized cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. On placebo, an enhancement platelet sensitivity was observed after isometric exercise in coronary and cerebral arteriosclerotic patients but not in healthy control subjects. The enhancement was prevented by pretreatment of EG-626, administered orally 1.5 hours prior to exercise.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗