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Results for “Audiometry, Pure-Tone”

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PubMed1979

Cochleo-vestibular correlations in Meniere's disease.

The cochlear and vestibular functions were investigated in a sample of 36 patients with unilateral Meniere's disease. Caloric reactions and hearing thresholds were compared separately at several frequencies. A topodiagnostic relationship between the cochlear and vestibular function was discovered. Using four qualitative categories, a significantly high correlation was obtained between the basal hearing loss (4000 Hz) and unilateral weakness, whereas no correlation was obtained when evaluating the more apical hearing loss (lower frequencies 250-1 000 Hz). A normal caloric reaction can be reasonably expected in cases of unilateral Meniere's disease if the hearing loss is less than approx. 40 dB HL at 4 000 Hz.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

High-frequency audiometry. Age and sex variations.

286 normal subject representing both sexes and seven age groups from 10 to greater than or equal to 70 years were tested with both conventional pure tone audiometry and high frequency audiometry (4--20 kHz) using a previously described free field system. The subjects were selected according to very strict criteria. Results from conventional audiometry are similar to other findings in presbycusis studies, though sex difference was seen for the oldest age groups, but only at the frequencies 4 and 5 kHz where the male population showed a significantly poorer hearing. The same sex difference was observed by high frequency audiometry at 4 and 8 kHz. From 10--20 kHz no sex difference was present. At the high frequencies there is an abrupt decrease in hearing sensitivity already from youth. Hitherto, no international standard for zero dB hearing level exists for frequencies above 8 kHz. It is questioned whether a general standard is meaningful at all and that normative data for various age groups should instead be used as a reference level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Investigation of the relationship between adaptation measured binaurally and monaurally.

Recently it has been demonstrated that auditory adaptation can be measured with a monaural technique (Weiler and Friedman, 1973; Weiler and Gross, 1976; Feaster and Weiler, 1975). Because the magnitude of adaptation measured monaurally was nearly identical to that measured binaurally in other experiments, it was assumed that they measured the same phenomenon or phenomena. In the present study the same group of subjects were tested for magnitude of adaptation both monaurally and binaurally. The means were 11.75 dB and 12.17 dB, respectively (N=13). Depsite nearly identical means for the present conditions there was no significant correlation (r=+.27) between the magnitude of adaptation measured under the two conditions. Except for the possibility that individual differences in the ability to do monaural versus binaural tasks may have obscured individual similarities in adaptation, the only other explanation the authors can suggest is that the two techniques measure different aspects of loudness adaptation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Monaural balances and loudness coding during auditory adaptation.

A monaural simultaneous balance technique was used to compare amounts of adaptation for two conditions: (1) with the test intensity equal to the adapting intensity, and (2) with the test intensity +10 dB above the adapting intensity. Previous findings (Weiler and Hood, 1977) showed a decline in measured adaptation for the second condition using simultaneous binaural balances. That this was not the case for the monaural balances investigated in this study may indicate different adaptation-induced auditory changes are being measured monaurally vs. binaurally.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Level dependence of critical bandwidth: notched-noise masking paradigm.

The effect of increased stimulus level on critical bandwidth was investigated. Noise-masked, pulsed-tone thresholds were obtained by a Bekesy tracking procedure from 4 practiced normal-hearing adults at .5, 1, 2, and 4 kc/s. Tones were placed symmetrically within a band-reject region. Critical bandwidth was taken as the frequency separation between noise bands at which masked tonal threshold began to change and was found to increase fairly regularly as the spectrum level of the noise increased from 30-60 db SPL. However, the data at 60 db SPL may have been influenced a 2 and 4 kc/s by the detection of aural distortion products. The suggestion was made that when signal frequency is outside the spectral limits of the masker, critical bandwidth widens as masker level is raised; however, when signal frequency is within the spectral limits of the masker (as with a continuous noise wit no notches), critical bandwidth remains unchanged up to 80 bd SPL.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of normal and impaired hearing. II. Frequency analysis, speech perception.

Frequency analysis covers two separate listening tasks, one involving frequency discrimination, the other frequency selectivity. Discrimination refers to the ability to distinguish one frequency from another. Selectivity refers to the ability to hear one frequency in the presence of other frequencies. Selectivity is critical to the understanding of speech which comprises sounds containing many different frequencies. To understand speech easily, the listener must be able to analyze speech sounds into their component frequencies, especially formants. The hard-of-hearing person is probably less able to make that analysis, but we know surprisingly little about either discrimination or selectivity in hearing impairment. Existing evidence does suggest that both discrimination and selectivity are reduced in cochlear impairment so that such patients need a bigger frequency difference to discriminate between two tones and they have a wider critical band. A widened critical band would be expected to make it very difficult for the severely impaired person to understand speech under all listening conditions; it would make it difficult for the moderately impaired person to understand speech in a noisy background, unless the signal-to-noise ratio is improved as is possible by appropriate amplitude compression in hearing aids.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1977

Personal results, trial of classification and standardization in clinical impedancemetry.

The author analyzes the results obtained in clinical impedance testing of 2,799 ears by tympanometry and study of the acoustico-facial reflex. Impedance terminology is discussed and classified in an attempt to bring order to the results. Important findings include the high incidence of negative middle ear pressure in older, profoundly hard-of-hearing children.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Loudness and the acoustic reflex: cochlear-impaired listeners.

The relationships among most comfortable listening level (MCL), loudness discomfort level, and the acoustic reflex (AR) to speech were studied on cochlear-impaired listeners using earphones and sound field conditions. Recorded sentence materials were presented monaurally in quiet and in the sound field in the presence of 55 dB SPL cafeteria noise. Both unaided and aided sound field testing were done. The results indicated that the MCL and AR fell at approximately the same intensities under all test conditions, whereas the LDL occurred at approximately 18 dB higher intensity. The MCL was elevated by the presence of noise, whereas the AR remained invariant. Also, the AR occurred below the level predicted by the loudness function. The results tend to indicate that although the AR is highly correlated with MCL in cochlear-impaired listeners a cause and effect relationship may not exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Double-blind comparison of vincamine and placebo in patients with presbyacusis (author's transl)].

14-15-Dihydro-14beta-hydroxy-[3alpha,16alpha]-eburnamenine-14-carbonic acid methylester (vincamine, Vincapront) and placebo were compared in a double-blind trial, using daily doses of 60 mg p.o. in 30 out-patients suffering from peripheral and mainly centrally induced labyrinthine deafness (presbyacusis). The treatment lasted for 6 weeks. The diagnosis was established by otological examinations, the SISI test and pure-tone and speech audiometry. Other causes of disease were excluded. 6 patients suffered from an accompanying disease needing treatment (glycosides, antihypertensives). 1 patient had an intercurrent rhinopharyngitis. Any other drug was discontinued at the beginning of treatment. The result was checked by pure-tone and speech audiometry (monosyllabic word test) before and after treatment. The pure-tone audiometric test did not reveal any change in both groups while speech audiometry (monosyllabic word test) showed significant improvements in the vincamine group (p less than 0.004). Only random alterations occurred in the control group. Vincamine was well tolerated by all patients. The tolerance of placebo was rated to be moderate by two patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ossicular abnormalities in Down's syndrome.

Down's syndrome has been associated with hearing loss and otitis media. Because of difficulty in examination, however, there have been few detailed otologic studies on this population. An understanding of the nature and frequency of ear disease in Down's syndrome is important, since it is common and occurs in more than one in every 600 live births. To define the aural manifestation of Down's syndrome, complete otologic and audiometric examination was performed on 107 consecutive patients. This included micropneumatic otoscopy, pure-tone and speech audiometry, impedance tympanometry, and, in some cases, electronystagmography. Deficient hearing was found in 64% of these patients, and of these hearing losses, 83% were conductive. Surprisingly, middle ear effusion or tympanic membrane perforation accounted for only 60% of the conductive hearing losses. This finding prompted us to examine five temporal bones of children with Down's syndrome. These histologic sections revealed middle ear abnormalities including fixation and superstructure deformity of the stapes and dehiscence of the fallopian canal. Operative findings in 16 procedures on patients with Down's syndrome and conductive hearing loss suport those findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of two response-reinforcement methods in pure-tone testing of the retarded.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a visual reward method or play audiometry is a better motivator in eliciting the lowest possible pure-tone thresholds from a group of Down's syndrome adults. Thresholds were obtained at 250, 500, 2000, 4000, and 6000 Hz for both procedures using a modified ascending method. The method of testing was constructed such that each of the two procedures served as a comparison for validity of the other. The level of significant difference between the play audiometry and the visual reward method was determined using the Sign Test. In each case, there appeared to be a significant difference between the two tests, but the difference was attributed to the order of administration of the tests and practice rather than by the tests themselves. The data obtained suggests that more accurate auditory thresholds may be determined by administering two pure-tone tests and accepting the second as most valid.

Adolescent↗