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PubMed1976

Basal metabolic rate in patients with hydrocephalus. On the cause of lowered basal metabolic rate in myotonic dystrophy.

Myotonic dystrophy seems to have a hypometabolism of non-thyroid origin. The hypometabolism could hypothetically be caused by : 1) reduction in muscle mass, 2) hydrocephalus ex vacuo, an integral part of the disorder, or 3) the basic disease process itself. Possibility 2) was explored by determining basal metabolic rate (BMR) in 41 patients with dilatation. A BMR of less than -10 per cent was found in eight cases. The ventricles were categorized in three groups according to width. No decrease in mean BMR was found in cases with a marked ventricular enlargement. Thus, ventricular dilatation per se does not seem to lead to hypometabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of measured sleeping metabolic rate and predicted basal metabolic rate during the first year of life: evidence of a bias changing with increasing metabolic rate.

OBJECTIVE: To compare measurements of sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) in infancy with predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) estimated by the equations of Schofield. METHODS: Some 104 serial measurements of SMR by indirect calorimetry were performed in 43 healthy infants at 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Predicted BMR was calculated using the weight only (BMR-wo) and weight and height (BMR-wh) equations of Schofield for 0-3-y-olds. Measured SMR values were compared with both predictive values by means of the Bland-Altman statistical test. RESULTS: The mean measured SMR was 1.48 MJ/day. The mean predicted BMR values were 1.66 and 1.47 MJ/day for the weight only and weight and height equations, respectively. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that BMR-wo equation on average overestimated SMR by 0.18 MJ/day (11%) and the BMR-wh equation underestimated SMR by 0.01 MJ/day (1%). However the 95% limits of agreement were wide: -0.64 to +0.28 MJ/day (28%) for the former equation and -0.39 to +0.41 MJ/day (27%) for the latter equation. Moreover there was a significant correlation between the mean of the measured and predicted metabolic rate and the difference between them. CONCLUSIONS: The wide variation seen in the difference between measured and predicted metabolic rate and the bias probably with age indicates there is a need to measure actual metabolic rate for individual clinical care in this age group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of measured sleeping metabolic rate and predicted basal metabolic rate in the first year of life.

In infants, sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) is used as a proxy for basal metabolic rate (BMR). BMR can be predicted from anthropometry using published equations. Our study was intended to evaluate the ability of these equations to predict measured SMR in infants aged 6 weeks to 12 months. SMR was measured in a mixed longitudinal study using the Douglas bag technique (n = 105). Measured SMR values were compared with BMR predicted from weight (BMR-1) or weight and length (BMR-2). These equations were not successful in predicting SMR in this age group. Percentage error of predicted BMR was related to infant weight (BMR-1: r = 0.26; p < 0.005; BMR-2: r = 0.18; p < 0.06). Alternative logarithmic equations were derived from this study (R = 0.84-0.87; SEE = 0.159-0.168). We conclude that the new equations, relating to contemporary infants, are more suitable but actual measurements remain preferred.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1967

[Basal metabolism].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Basal Metabolism↗
PubMed1993

[Aging, basal metabolic rate, and nutrition].

Age is one of the most important factor of changes in energy metabolism. The basal metabolic rate decreases almost linearly with age. Skeletal musculature is a fundamental organ that consumes the largest part of energy in the normal human body. The total volume of skeletal muscle can be estimated by 24-hours creatinine excretion. The volume of skeletal musculature decreases and the percentage of fat tissue increases with age. It is shown that the decrease in muscle mass relative to total body may be wholly responsible for the age-related decreases in basal metabolic rate. Energy consumption by physical activity also decreases with atrophic changes of skeletal muscle. Thus, energy requirement in the elderly decreases. With decrease of energy intake, intake of essential nutrients also decreases. If energy intake, on the other hand, exceeds individual energy needs, fat accumulates in the body. Body fat tends to accumulate in the abdomen in the elderly. Fat tissue in the abdominal cavity is connected directly with the liver through portal vein. Accumulation of abdominal fat causes disturbance in glucose and lipid metabolism. It is shown that glucose tolerance decreases with age. Although age contributes independently to the deterioration in glucose tolerance, the decrease in glucose tolerance may be partly prevented through changes of life-style variables, energy metabolism is essential for the physiological functions. It may also be possible to delay the aging process of various physiological functions by change of dietary habits, stopping smoking, and physical activity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Menstrual cycle and basal metabolic rate in women.

Basal metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and energy cost of selected activities were measured in six healthy young women who were participating in a study of protein requirements. The women were confined to a metabolic unit for 92 days during which they consumed a defined formula diet. The basal metabolic rate of the women was 20.7 +/- 2.6 kcal/kg body weight/day and the caloric requirement for maintenance of weight was 38.7 kcal/kg body weight/day. Basal metabolic rate varied significantly with the menstrual cycle. Basal metabolic rate decreased at menstruation and fell to its lowest point approximately 1 wk before ovulation subsequently rising until the beginning of the next menstrual period. RMR was 0.99 +/- 0.16 kcal/kg/h. The energy expenditure while sitting was 1.06 times RMR, while walking it was 2.81 times RMR, and while performing treadmill exercise it was 3.47 times RMR.

Basal Metabolism↗
PubMed1991

Basal metabolic rates and metabolic economy in chronic undernutrition.

Basal metabolic rates (BMR) and body composition were measured in 130 adult Indian males, selected from three socio-economic groups. Results show a significantly lower BMR in the chronically undernourished, with a greater dependence on carbohydrate as fuel in the fasted state. When expressed as per kg body weight or kg fat-free mass (FFM), the BMRs are significantly higher in these individuals. The latter observations suggest variations in the contribution of viscera and skeletal muscle to the FFM, with a relatively greater visceral to muscle mass ratio. However, on adjustment for differences in weight and FFM by means of an analysis of covariance, the chronically undernourished (both urban and rural) have significantly lower BMRs. This indicates a 'metabolic economy' in these individuals, which could be attributable in part to their significantly lower serum T3 levels. When the subjects are classified on the basis of grades of chronic energy deficiency (CED), individuals with low body mass index (BMI) (less than 17 and below) are not similar in their basal metabolism. Those individuals from good socio-economic backgrounds with access to ad libitum energy and protein intake but with low BMI have comparable BMRs to the well nourished. It may therefore be unwise to classify all individuals with low BMI 'across the board' as suffering from CED. Socio-economic scaling may be a useful addition to the present classification of CED.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

[Validation of predictive equations of basal metabolic rate of women living in Southern Brazil].

OBJECTIVE: To measure the basal metabolic rate of women (aged 20 to 40 years) living in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and to compare it with estimated values bored on published predictive equations. METHODS: Basal metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry under standard conditions in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle of 60 volunteers. RESULTS: Mean measured basal metabolic rate (+/- standard deviation) was 1,185.3+/- 148.6 kcal/24 hours. Estimated basal metabolic rates were significantly greater (7% to 17%) than measured basal metabolic rate (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that predictive equations are not suitable to estimate basal metabolic rate in these groups of women and that the use of estimated basal metabolic rate will lead to an overestimation of energy requirements in women with similar characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basal metabolic rate in relation to body composition and daily energy expenditure in the field vole, Microtus agrestis.

Basal metabolic rate in the field vole (Microtus agrestis) was studied in relation to body composition and daily energy expenditure in the field. Daily energy expenditure was measured by means of doubly labelled water (D2 18O). In the same individuals, basal metabolic rate was subsequently derived from O2 consumption in an open-circuit system in the laboratory. Body composition was obtained by dissecting the animals and determining fresh, dry, and lean dry mass of different organs. Daily energy expenditure for free-living field voles ranged from 1.8 to 4.5 times basal metabolic rate, with an average of 2.9 times basal metabolic rate. Variation in both daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate was best explained by body mass. Gender or reproductive activity did not have significant additive effects. Daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate showed significant positive relationships to body mass with similar mass exponents of 0.493 and 0.526, respectively. Overall, there was a significant correlation between daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate, but the mass-independent residuals (deviations from the allometrically predicted values) did not correlate. Carcass analysis revealed that a number of organs were slightly better predictors for daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate than was fresh body mass. Mass-independent residuals of lean dry heart mass and basal metabolic rate were positively correlated, which is in agreement with the idea that basal metabolic rate reflects the size of metabolically active organs. The study does not provide support for an intraindividual association of basal metabolic rate with daily energy expenditure in the field.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Data from necropsy studies and in vitro tissue studies lead to a model for allometric scaling of basal metabolic rate.

BACKGROUND: The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of a mammal of mass M is commonly described by the power function alphaM(beta) where alpha and beta are constants determined by linear regression of the logarithm of BMR on the logarithm of M (i. e., beta is the slope and alpha is the intercept in regression analysis). Since Kleiber's demonstration that, for 13 measurements of BMR, the logarithm of BMR is closely approximated by a straight line with slope 0.75, it has often been assumed that the value of beta is exactly 3/4 (Kleiber's law). RESULTS: For two large collections of BMR data (n = 391 and n = 619 species), the logarithm of BMR is not a linear function of the logarithm of M but is a function with increasing slope as M increases. The increasing slope is explained by a multi-compartment model incorporating three factors: 1) scaling of brain tissue and the tissues that form the surface epithelium of the skin and gastrointestinal tract, 2) scaling of tissues such as muscle that scale approximately proportionally to body mass, and 3) allometric scaling of the metabolic rate per unit cell mass. The model predicts that the scaling exponent for small mammals (body weight < 0.2 kg) should be less than the exponent for large mammals (> 10 kg). For the simplest multi-compartment model, the two-compartment model, predictions are shown to be consistent with results of analysis using regression models that are first-order and second-order polynomials of log(M). The two-compartment model fits BMR data significantly better than Kleiber's law does. CONCLUSION: The F test for reduction of variance shows that the simplest multi-compartment allometric model, the two-compartment model, fits BMR data significantly better than Kleiber's law does and explains the upward curvature observed in the BMR.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Basal metabolism and external respiration in thyrotoxicosis].

Basal metabolism indices and data on external respiration function in 352 thyrotoxicosis cases are set forth. The significance of the definition of basal metabolism helping to determine the severity of thyrotoxicosis; they serve as objective criteria in the assessment of the effectiveness of the preoperative management.

Basal Metabolism↗
PubMed1997

Polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene affects basal metabolic rate in obese Finns.

Low basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a risk factor for weight gain and obesity. The polymorphism at codon 64 of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene has been suggested to be associated with BMR. We investigated the frequency of the Trp64Arg of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and the effects of this polymorphism on BMR in obese Finns. Altogether, 170 obese subjects (29 men, 141 women, BMI 34.7 +/- 3.8 kg/m2, mean +/- SD) participated in the study. The frequency of the Trp64Arg polymorphism was 19%. None of the obese subjects were homozygous for the Arg-encoding allele. The frequency of the Trp64Arg polymorphism in obese Finns did not differ from nonobese and normoglycemic control subjects. BMR adjusted for lean body mass and age was lower in subjects with the Trp64Arg polymorphism (n = 20) than in normal homozygotes Trp64Trp (n = 99) (1,569 +/- 73 vs. 1,635 +/- 142 kcal/day, P = 0.004). For the female group (n = 98), the respective values were 1,501 +/- 66 kcal/day vs. 1,568 +/- 127 kcal/day (P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, lean body mass, percentage of fat, and respiratory quotient between the groups with or without the Trp64Arg polymorphism. Neither serum glucose nor insulin levels differed between the two groups. We conclude that the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene affects basal metabolic rate in obese Finns but does not have significant effect on glucose metabolism.

Adult↗