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PubMed1997

[Physiologic approach to promoting circulation in acute labyrinth ischemia. A new treatment concept].

BACKGROUND: One of the main factors of sudden hearing impairment, acute vestibular disturbance, and acute tinnitus is generally thought to be an acute labyrinthine ischemia of varying degrees. However, the scientific basis for this assumption has not yet been proven, and there is a great variety of treatment modalities. Recent circulation research and fundamental physiological considerations led to the development of a new concept of treatment of these diseases. METHODS: In order to enhance the labyrinthine blood circulation, physiological and physical methods were tested in 42 patients, especially with regard to patient compliance and in addition to conventional therapy. The methods tested included active circulation training. Finnish bath observing certain precautions, sequentially increased temperature bathing, massage, and fango therapy of the neck. RESULTS: The compliance of the patients to the new concept was good, in some cases even enthusiastic, either to the "total body" methods or to the local neck treatment. CONCLUSION: The principle of active and/ or passive stimulation of blood circulation in acute labyrinthine ischemia has been well accepted by all patients. A study including functional results is in preparation.

Balneology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infant's physiological response to short heat stress during sauna bath.

Thermoregulatory response to Finnish sauna bath was investigated in 47 infants (age 3 - 14 month). Before taking a short sauna bath lasting 3 min, the infants stayed in a swimming pool for 15 min. Under these conditions sauna bathing did not increase the rectal temperature. Unexpectedly rectal temperature even decreased by 0.2 degrees C (p < 0.05) probably due to redistribution of cold peripheral blood into the core of the body. Mean systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure and mean heart rate remained unchanged after sauna bathing. The blood pressure amplitude decreased significantly after the swimming period from 47 mm Hg to 38 mm Hg (p < 0.05) and rose again after sauna bathing to 42 mm Hg. All infants tolerated short heat exposure in the sauna without side effects. The circulatory adjustment was efficient. Even young infants were able to cope with the acute circulatory changes imposed by heat stress. Adequate thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adaptive responses to sauna bathing could be shown for the first time in infants between 3 and 14 months of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Children in sauna: hormonal adjustments to intensive short thermal stress.

Hormonal response to Finnish sauna bath was investigated in 20 prepubertal children (age 5-10 years). Blood leukocyte count, plasma potassium, serum aldosterone, growth hormone and prolactin concentrations increased; plasma volume, plasma sodium, catecholamines, serum antidiuretic hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cortisol, and thyrotropin concentrations remained unchanged during sauna bath. One hour after sauna, serum thyrotropin, atrial natriuretic peptide and blood glucose concentrations decreased, whereas the rest of the hormones remained unchanged. Our results implicate that maintenance of homeothermia resulted in moderate hormonal changes in children during Finnish sauna bath which indicate similar adequate hormonal thermoregulatory adjustment as previously documented in adults.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1990

Children in sauna: cardiovascular adjustment.

Children's circulatory adjustment to a 10-minute heat stress in a climatic chamber was studied in 61 children and 20 adolescents and young adults. The thermal conditions corresponded to those of an ordinary Finnish sauna bath. In all subjects the rectal temperature and heart rate increased during the heat exposure (P less than .001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures remained unchanged in sauna, but the systolic and especially the diastolic blood pressure decreased (P less than .001) in children less than 10 years of age immediately after the heat exposure; two vasovagal collapses developed. Cardiac output increased in all but the less than 5-year-old children (P less than .001). This was due to a significant decrease in stroke volume (32.9%) (P less than .001) in children less than 5 years old. Stroke volume declined slightly even in the older subjects. These changes indicate that the Finnish sauna bath puts great demands on a child's circulatory regulation. To avoid possible cardiovascular side effects, particularly small children should be supervised carefully during sauna bathing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effects of order of presentation of exercise intensities and of sauna baths on perceived exertion during treadmill running.

Thirteen male subjects performed a running test on the treadmill consisting of four standard exercise intensities [65%, 75%, 85%, 95% maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max)] presented in ascending, descending or random order. At the end of each exercise intensity, O2 consumption, heart rate (fc), venous blood lactate concentration [( Ia]b) and perceived exertion were assessed. This last variable was determined according to the Borg nonlinear CR-20 scale. The same variables were also determined during exercise at a standard intensity (65% or 95% VO2 max) performed before and after a Finnish sauna bath. Ratings of perceived exertion showed a good test-retest reliability (r = 0.77); they were the same when the exercise intensity was expressed in relative (%VO2 max) or absolute (speed) terms, and were independent of the order of presentation of the exercise. The latter had no effect on fc either but it did, however, influence [Ia]b, which was significantly higher in the descending, as compared to the ascending or random modes of presentation. The sauna bath increased fc at a given exercise intensity, but left perceived exertion and [Ia]b unchanged. It was concluded that at least under the present experimental conditions, fc and venous [Ia]b do not play a major role as determinants of perceived exertion.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

How the sauna affects the endocrine system.

The sauna induces changes in the secretion of hormones, some similar to changes induced in any other stress situation and others characteristic of exposure to the sauna. Noradrenaline is usually the only catecholamine raised by the sauna in people accustomed to it. The secretion of the antidiuretic hormone is increased and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated. The concentrations of the growth hormone and prolactin, in particular, secreted from the anterior pituitary are increased in the circulation. The concentration of the immunoreactive beta-endorphin in blood may also increase which may reflect the feeling of pleasure or, on the other hand, discomfort induced by the sauna. The views on the effects of the sauna on the secretion of the ACTH and cortisol are partly contradictory, probably due to differing ways of taking the sauna bath. In Finnish sauna takers the concentration of cortisol in blood is not usually increased. The changes induced by the sauna in various hormone concentrations in the circulation are, however, normalized within a couple of hours after the heat stress.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1988

Response of plasma endorphins, prolactin and catecholamines in women to intense heat in a sauna.

Concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir beta-E), corticotropin, cortisol, prolactin and catecholamines in plasma were followed in 11 healthy women during and after exposure to intense heat in a Finnish sauna bath, and compared to those in a similar control situation without exposure to heat. Heat stress significantly increased prolactin and norepinephrine secretion; the percentage increases from the initial plasma concentrations varied from 113 to 1280% (mean 510%) and from 18 to 150% (mean 86%), respectively. The response of the plasma levels of epinephrine, ir beta-E, corticotropin and cortisol to heat exposure was variable. Compared to the control situation, no statistically significant effect of heat exposure on the plasma levels of these hormones was found.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

Acute phase proteins, humoral and cell mediated immunity in environmentally-induced hyperthermia in man.

The effects of repeated hyperthermia, caused by a Finnish sauna bath over 1 week, on the serum levels of some acute phase reactant proteins and on both humoral and cell-mediated immunity on twelve healthy young volunteers are presented. The mean rise in rectal temperature during each 30-min period in the bath was about 1.3 degrees C. Heat exposure caused significant increases in the serum concentrations of two of the acute phase reactant proteins, alpha1-antitrypsin (from a mean value of 1.8 (0.1) to 1.9 (0.2) g X l-1, p less than 0.01) and transferrin (from a mean value of 36.9 (3.4) to 38.3 (4.4) mumol X l-1, p less than 0.05), but no changes occurred in immunoglobulins or cell-mediated immunity. These findings suggest that environmentally induced hyperthermia can initiate the acute phase reaction associated with fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Heat exposure elevates plasma immunoreactive growth hormone-releasing hormone levels in man.

The effects of heat exposure on plasma levels of GH and GHRH were studied in six younger (31-46 yr) and six older (49-66 yr) normal men. For the GHRH RIA, 2-mL plasma samples were purified on Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, from which the mean recovery of synthetic GHRH-(1-44) was 62 +/- 10% (+/- SD; n = 8). Heat exposure (15 min) in a Finnish sauna bath at an ambient temperature of 72 C, led to an increase in plasma GH levels from 2 to 5 micrograms/L (P less than 0.01) at 30 min in the younger men. Their rectal temperature had risen by 0.2 C at 15 min. Plasma immunoreactive GHRH increased from 9 to 36 ng/L (P less than 0.05) 5 min after heat exposure, and it gradually fell to the initial levels by 45 min. The older men did not have a significant increase in plasma GH or GHRH levels in response to the heat exposure. Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography studies of plasma immunoreactive GHRH suggested that the major circulating GHRH immunoreactivity was GHRH-(1-40). We conclude that heat exposure-stimulated GH release in young adult men is mediated by GHRH, but in older men, GHRH and GH responses do not occur.

Adult↗