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Results for “BREATHING EXERCISES”

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PubMed1996

Inspiratory resistance effects on exercise breathing pattern relationships to chemoresponsiveness.

This study examined the effects of added inspiratory resistance (R5 5 cm H2O.L-1.S-1) on the relationship between exercise breathing pattern and resting hypercapnic ventilatory responsiveness (HCVR). Twelve men completed an HCVR test and two progressive intensity exercise tasks with minimal (R0) and elevated (R5) resistance. Peak oxygen uptake, and peak power output were not different, but peak VE was decreased with the R5 load. Exercise ventilation (VE was tightly coupled to VCO2 (r = 0.97) as was mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/TI, r = 0.95), but not duty cycle (TI/TTOT, r = 0.39). With imposition of R5, VT/TI was depressed (p < 0.05) at mild (approximately 40% VO2peak) to peak exercise intensities, whereas TI/TTOT was relatively unaffected. At both moderate (approximately 60% peak VO2) and peak exercise intensities, VE was positively correlated (r = 0.62, p < 0.05 and r = 0.82, p < 0.01, respectively) to subjects' HCVR. However, when normalized, VE.VCO2(-1) was significantly correlated to HCVR only at peak exercise ventilation during the R0 load. Analysis of the exercise breathing pattern revealed that at both moderate and peak exercise intensities, VT/TI was positively correlated to HCVR, but TI/TTOT was not. The imposition of R5 decreased the slope of the relationship between exercise VT/TI and HCVR at both moderate and peak exercise intensities, and weakened the positive correlation at the moderate exercise intensity. Our analysis indicates that: 1) the positive correlation between exercise hyperpnea and HCVR is mediated by the mean inspiratory flow rate rather than the duty cycle component of the breathing pattern and, 2) at moderate exercise the relationship between mean inspiratory flow rate and resting HCVR is more sensitive to added inspiratory resistance than minute ventilation per se. These findings suggest that the degree of influence resting HCVR has on exercise hyperpnea is dependent upon the magnitudes of both the ventilatory hyperpnea and mechanical loading placed on the ventilatory system.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Progressive muscle relaxation, breathing exercises, and ABC relaxation theory.

This study compared the psychological effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and breathing exercises. Forty-two students were divided randomly into two groups and taught PMR or breathing exercises. Both groups practiced for five weeks and were given the Smith Relaxation States Inventory before and after each session. As hypothesized, PMR practitioners displayed greater increments in relaxation states (R-States) Physical Relaxation and Disengagement, while breathing practitioners displayed higher levels of R-State Strength and Awareness. Slight differences emerged at Weeks 1 and 2; major differences emerged at Weeks 4 and 5. A delayed and potentially reinforcing aftereffect emerged for PMR only after five weeks of training--increased levels of Mental Quiet and Joy. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a relaxation breathing exercise on anxiety, depression, and leukocyte in hemopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of a relaxation breathing exercise on anxiety, depression, and leukocyte count in patients who underwent allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thirty-five patients were randomly selected, with 18 assigned to an exercise group and 17 assigned to a control group. The exercise intervention was applied to the exercise group for 30 minutes every day for 6 weeks. It consisted of physical exercises combined with relaxation breathing. Anxiety was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. The total number of leukocytes was calculated from total and differential counts of peripheral white blood cells. The exercise group had a greater decrease in anxiety and depression than did the control group, but the total number of leukocytes did not significantly differ between the two groups. These findings indicate that a relaxation breathing exercise would improve anxiety and depression levels in patients who undergo allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, but would not affect the number of leukocytes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of choices on breathing exercises post-open heart surgery.

Pulmonary complications following open heart surgery are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients, especially pediatric patients, are reluctant to perform postoperative breathing exercises to prevent respiratory complications. This research provides the critical care nurse with a strategy to encourage the children to perform their breathing exercises more willingly.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMed1999

Effect of unilateral breathing exercises on regional lung ventilation.

We investigated the effect of a unilateral thoracic expansion exercise (TEE), a breathing manoeuvre used by physiotherapists, on regional lung ventilation. Nine trained physiotherapists aged 22-37 years completed the study. Technegas lung ventilation scans were used to determine the effect of a right unilateral TEE performed when sitting. This was compared with a maximal deep breath. Total radioactivity in each lung was determined. Each lung was sectioned into three equal zones (upper, middle and lower) and the ratio of radioactivity for each of the corresponding lung zones calculated. Ventilation was preferentially distributed to the right lung in all participants during both breathing manoeuvres. The mean (+/- S.E.M.) radioactivity ratios (right/left lung) were greater during a unilateral TEE (1.17 +/- 0.02) than during a deep breath (1.07 +/- 0.01). Seven participants achieved significantly greater ventilation to the right middle (1.15 +/- 0.03, P = 0.02) and lower zones (1.34 +/- 0.03, P = 0.02) during a unilateral TEE than to the corresponding zones on the left; this was evident soon after the initiation of the breath. The findings of this study show that relative regional ventilation to the ipsilateral lung can be increased during a unilateral TEE in trained individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Clinical analysis of breathing exercise during immersion in 38 degrees C water for obstructive and constrictive pulmonary diseases.

Breathing exercises during immersion in 38 degrees C water were performed in 22 patients with bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema and constrictive pulmonary diseases. The patients entered a pool filled with 38 degrees C water to shoulder level. While standing, they breathed in deeply and breathed out slowly through the mouth into water while sinking the nose below the water level. This breathing method was repeated for 20 min. with a 5-min. rest out of water and this cycle was performed twice a day for two months. Respiratory function test and arterial blood gas analysis were examined before and after the two-month exercise program. FEV1.0% was significantly increased in patients with asthma and emphysema (p = 0.042 and 0.032, respectively) but did not change in patients with constrictive pulmonary diseases. %FVC, PF and Vmf25 did not change in any of the diseases. PaO2 was significantly increased in emphysematous patients (p = 0.0002) and PaCO2 was significantly decreased in asthmatic and emphysematous patients (p = 0.034 and 0.046, respectively). These results suggest that our breathing exercise by immersion is useful in patients with asthma and emphysema but is less effective in patients with constrictive pulmonary diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of percussion, vibratory-shaking and breathing exercises in chest physiotherapy.

While gravity-assisted positions (postural drainage) and the forced expiratory technique are known to promote sputum clearance, the additional value of percussion, vibratory-shaking and breathing exercises individually in chest physiotherapy is uncertain. These modalities have been evaluated in 8 patients with copious sputum production (mean: 44 g/day), using an inhaled radioaerosol technique. Tracheobronchial clearance was unaffected by the addition of either vibratory-shaking or percussion with and without breathing exercises to postural drainage. There was however a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in the dry weight of sputum produced during each of these treatments. The combination of postural drainage used in conjunction with the forced expiration technique is responsible for the majority of mucus mobilisation and should form the basis of routine chest physiotherapy programmes; the other modes appear to be of lesser value.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMed1994

Are incentive spirometry, intermittent positive pressure breathing, and deep breathing exercises effective in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery? A systematic overview and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively assess the conflicting body of literature concerning the efficacy of incentive spirometry (IS), intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB), and deep breathing exercises (DBEX) in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. METHODS: Computerized searches of MEDLINE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health databases were performed for the years 1966 through 1992. Citations were selected based on the following relevance criteria: (1) patients undergoing any type of upper abdominal surgery; (2) any combination of IS, IPPB, and DBEX; (3) an outcome of pulmonary complications; and (4) randomized trials. Review of 116 citations yielded 55 potential trials and 10 review articles. Of these, 14 citations were included in the overview based on relevance criteria requirements. Study validity was assessed by two independent observers, and data were extracted. RESULTS: The common odds ratio (COR) for the occurrence of pulmonary complications for IS versus no physical therapy was 0.44 in favor of IS. The COR for DBEX versus no physical therapy was 0.43 in favor of DBEX. Both findings were statistically significant. The CORs for IS versus IPPB, IS versus DBEX, and IPPB versus DBEX were 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39-1.4), 0.91 (95% CI = 0.57-1.4), and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.28-3.17), respectively. None of these comparisons reached statistical significance. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Incentive spirometry and DBEX appear to be more effective than no physical therapy intervention in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. There is no evidence to support a significant difference between any of the three modalities. [Thomas JA, McIntosh JM. Are incentive spirometry, intermittent positive pressure breathing, and deep breathing exercises effective in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery? a systematic overview and meta-analysis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

Physiotherapy after coronary artery surgery: are breathing exercises necessary?

One hundred and ten men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting took part in a prospective randomised study comparing three physiotherapy protocols. All patients were taught self supported huffing and coughing by a physiotherapist and encouraged to move about. This comprised the sole treatment for the 37 control patients (group 3). Additional physiotherapy included breathing exercises for the 35 patients in group 1 and use of an incentive spirometer for the 38 patients in group 2. Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured daily at the bedside until the fifth postoperative day and arterial blood gas tensions were measured on the second and fourth postoperative days. After surgery patients developed a severe restrictive ventilatory defect and profound arterial hypoxaemia. There were no differences between the three groups. Mean FRC on day 2 was 1.90 litres (61% of the preoperative value), increasing to 2.32 1 by day 5 (76% of the preoperative value). The mean arterial oxygen tension was 7.37 kPa on day 2 and 8.58 kPa on day 4. Four patients in group 1, two in group 2, and five in group 3 developed a chest infection. It is concluded that the addition of breathing exercises or incentive spirometry to a regimen of early mobilisation and huffing and coughing confers no extra benefit after uncomplicated coronary artery bypass grafting.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMed1990

Breathing exercises for the medical patient: the art and the science.

The art of breathing exercises can be traced to the late 1800s. In the past 10 years, the increased demand for treatment for respiratory muscle failure of dysfunction has resulted in numerous studies evaluating methods of treatment or training. This article provides an overview of research and practice, focused on treating the medical patient experiencing dyspnea or loss of respiratory muscle strength and endurance.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMed1994

[Long-term effects of breathing exercises and yoga in patients with bronchial asthma].

To compare the effects of breathing exercises (BE) or Yoga (Y) on the course of bronchial asthma we studied 36 subjects with a mild disease. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. 2 of them participated in a 3 weeks training program of BE or Y while the third group rested without any additional treatment (control group, C). At the end of the training period the patients were asked to practise BE or Y on their own. Drug therapy and lung function parameters before and after a beta 2-agonist metered dose inhaler (albuterol, ALB) were recorded prior to the training program and in 4 weeks intervals for 4 months thereafter. The response to the beta 2-agonist was documented continuously in 28 patients. The mental state of the patients was elucidated by questionnaires.--Prior to the study a significant effect of inhaled ALB on the FEV1 was shown without any significant between group differences. Both, BE and Y, caused a significant amelioration of the mental state but only the BE induced a significant improvement of lung function parameters compared to the individual baseline values. The FEV1 increased significantly by 356.3 +/- 146.2 ml (p < 0.05) and the VC by 225.0 +/- 65.5 ml (p < 0.01). These long-term changes were not significantly different from the actual response to ALB. BE decreased the RV significantly by 306.3 +/- 111.6 ml (p < 0.05), an effect significantly higher compared to the beta 2-agonist (p < 0.01). BE in combination with ALB caused an additive effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of yoga breathing exercises (pranayama) on airway reactivity in subjects with asthma.

The effects of two pranayama yoga breathing exercises on airway reactivity, airway calibre, symptom scores, and medication use in patients with mild asthma were assessed in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. After baseline assessment over 1 week, 18 patients with mild asthma practised slow deep breathing for 15 min twice a day for two consecutive 2-week periods. During the active period, subjects were asked to breathe through a Pink City lung (PCL) exerciser--a device which imposes slowing of breathing and a 1:2 inspiration:expiration duration ratio equivalent to pranayama breathing methods; during the control period, subjects breathed through a matched placebo device. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate, symptom score, and inhaler use over the last 3 days of each treatment period were assessed in comparison with the baseline assessment period; all improved more with the PCL exerciser than with the placebo device, but the differences were not significant. There was a statistically significant increase in the dose of histamine needed to provoke a 20% reduction in FEV1 (PD20) during pranayama breathing but not with the placebo device. The usefulness of controlled ventilation exercises in the control of asthma should be further investigated.

Adult↗