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PubMed1979

Staphylococcal septic arthritis in three horses.

Three horses were diagnosed as having monarticular septic arthritis due to Staphylococcus aureus on the basis of culture of articular cartilage, synovial membrane and/or synovial fluid. The organisms were all well recognised human phage types and in two cases demonstrated beta-lactamase (penicillinase) activity. Details of case histories are presented and the bacteriological techniques and antibiotic management with cloxacillin, methicillin and penicillin discussed. Following treatment, sterile cultures of synovial fluid were achieved in all cases, but in two horses the infections resulted in degenerative articular changes. This necessitated arthrodesis of the fetlock joint in one case.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Mucosal-associated bacterial flora of the intestine in patients with Crohn's disease and in a control group.

The bacterial flora intimately associated with the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease has been examined and compared with the mucosal flora of a control group. Specimens were obtained at operation from patients undergoing intestinal surgery. Whole thickness intestinal sections were taken from the diseased segment and from a portion of uninvolved intestine from patients with Crohn's disease as well as from a control group. A section of each specimen was examined histologically. Twenty-two specimens of Crohn's tissue (12 ileum, 10 colon) and 46 control samples from small and large bowel were examined using strictly anaerobic bacteriological techniques in an anaerobic chamber. Organisms were grown under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A mucosal flora was found to exist in all the large bowel samples and in three-quarters of the small bowel samples. It was qualitatively similar in all the samples, consisting mainly of Gram positive bacteria, aerobic Gram negative rods and bacteroides. Greater numbers of bacteria were associated with colonic tissue (10(7) - 10(8) per g) than with tissue from the jejunum (10(3) - 10(4) per g). This difference was statistically significant (p<0.03). Samples from the terminal ileum were quantitatively intermediate between jejunum and colon. There was no statistical difference in the numbers of bacteria associated with Crohn's tissue compared with histologically normal tissue from the same patients and from the control group of patients. Among the bacterial isolates, however, Enterobacteria were more commonly associated with Crohn's tissue.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1978

Biochemical pharmacology of the intestinal flora.

Animal and bacteriological techniques have been developed for clarifying the role of the flora in the metabolism of drugs and other exogenous compounds. In general the flora tends to catalyze reductive and hydrolytic reactions, some of which reverse the detoxification reactions normally occurring in the liver. These reactions and others have been implicated in the pharamacological or toxicological action of exogenous compounds. Only in a few instances, however, have practical consequences of these reactions been documented. The major challenge at present is to develop methods capable of further defining the implications of reactions due to the flora.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A quantitative measurement of bacteremia and its relationship to plaque control.

Despite the improvement in the patients' oral hygiene, there was no significant decrease in the frequency of bacteremia. There was no significant difference in bacteremia between brushing, flossing, or deplaquing either before or after initial periodontal preparation and plaque control in 21 healthy subjects. Utilizing more sophisticated bacteriologic techniques for the cultivation of obligate anaerobes, a relatively high frequency of anaerobic bacteremia was found.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

Microbiological aspects on peritonsillar abscesses.

In 37 patients with unilateral quinsy put was collected with a syringe technique and bacteriologically examined. Beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 17 abscesses; in 8 of these, however, together with other bacteria, mainly anaerobes. Anaerobic bacteria, often more than one species, were found in 28 abscesses. Streptococcal serology including AST-O, Streptozyme and separate ADNAse test showed high titres or titre rises in 22 out of 30 examined cases. There was one case with beta-hemolytic streptococci in the abscess but negative serology. In the remaining cases a possible primary etiological role of anaerobes is suggested. The effect of combined surgical drainage and treatment with antibiotics (ampicillin or penicillin V) was good.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1975

[Mycoplasms of the swine--A review].

The mycoplasmas constitute a group of microorganisms placed between bacteria and virus. The name, Mycoplasma, is derived from the mycelial morphology of the organisms. The minimal reproductive unit, the elementary body, measures 0.2-0.5 mum. Unlike bacteria, mycoplasmas are not confined by a rigid cell wall, but just by a thin membrane. For their cultivation, though common bacteriological technique is adequate, especially enriched media are required. Antibiotics, as a rule penicillins, are added to the medium for inhibition of bacteria. Up to the present, 5 porcine species of mycoplasma are known: Mycoplasma suipneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, Mycoplasma flocculare, and Acholeplasma granularum. The 4 species first mentioned are very common among swine in Denmark. A. granularum has not been demonstrated so far. Occasionally, other species of mycoplasma are found in swine. M. suipneumoniae is by far the most important porcine mycoplasma, being to-day regarded as the primary etiologic agent in porcine enzootic pneumonia. A pure mycoplasma infection usually results in only weak clinical signs of pneumonia, but the disease may be aggravated by secondary factors as bacteria, parasites, and bad housing conditions. Enzootic pneumonia is usually prevalent only in fattening units, where it tends to persist indefinitely. The mycoplasma infection is practically incurable. Control of the disease is attempted by the SPF-program launched by the Danish Meat Research Institute, Roskilde. In this connexion the high sensitivity of mycoplasmas to physico-chemical influence is of advantage, because it results in a low rate of survival of the organisms outside the host. A further advantage is afforded by the fast that M. suipneumoniae is a definitely swine-specific organism. The rest of the porcine mycoplasmas are of far lesser importance. Yet, M. hyorhinis may produce a sero-fibrinous inflammation of serous cavities and joints in pigs less than 10 weeks old, and M. hyosynoviae may produce arthritis in fattening pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The bacteriology of perimandibular space infections.

The bacteriology of 21 perimandibular clised-space infections was studied prospectively using optimal bacteriological techniques to collect, transport, and process specimens. There was an average of six microbial species per specimen, including approximately four anaerobes and two aerobes. The predominant aerobes were alpha-hemolytic and non-hemolytic streptococci; the predominant anaerobes were peptostreptococci, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. These findings indicate that most perimandibular space infections involve a polymicrobial flora in which anaerobic bacteria are the dominant isolates. Antimicrobial decisions should account for these observations, particularly in cases where cultural data are not available or when anaerobic cultures are not performed with optimal techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Current problems of medical microbiology: Achievements, tasks and perspectives].

Two important problems of current medical microbiology are discussed in this paper: 1) a change of etiological structure of infectious morbidity-elevation of the incidence of infections caused by conditioned pathogenic causative agents, and 2) postvaccinal complications. In the light of these problems the tasks of microbiological investigations for the immediate future are discussed. Tasks and prospects of study of the molecular structure of the pathogenicity factors of importance for the creation of chemical vaccines and genetic investigations which would provide construction of strains and preparations useful in practice are formulated.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1979

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in a cat.

A diagnosis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a cat was established by microbiological and histological means. Clinical signs were general malaise, anorexia and vomition. Significant laboratory findings included a serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase elevation and the presence of urine bilirubin and urobilinogen. Histological examination of liver biopsies revealed numerous varying-sized foci of caseation necrosis containing large numbers of Gram-negative coccobacilli. Bacteriological techniques, treatment and control measures are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Data on a comparison between a rapid test and urine culture for the determination of bacteriuria].

A streep test has been employed for bacteriuria involving identification of nitrites in the urine and results are compared with those obtained with classical bacteriological techniques. Parallel performance of the nitrite test and urine culture showed that the latter cannot be replaced as far as diagnosis goes but it also proved the usefulness of the nitrite test for mass screening purposes.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1976

Microcalorimetry as a tool for evaluation of antibacterial effects of doxycycline and tetracycline.

The heat effects produced by a strain of Escherichia coli in the presence of doxycycline and tetracycline were determined by calorimetric measurements using batch and flow microcalorimeters of the heat-conduction type. There was a clear difference in the capacity of the two tetracyclines to suppress the metabolism of the test bacterium as indicated by the heat production registered. In the presence of doxycycline or tetracycline in a concentration of 0.4 mug/ml (half the minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC), the time interval between the start of the experiment and a heat production of 2 muW/ml was 4.5 h for tetracycline and 7.3 h for doxycycline. When the antibiotics, in a concentration of 1.6 mug/ml (2 X MIC), were added to the culture during the logarithmic growth phase, tetracycline depressed heat production much less than doxycycline. Almost immediately after the addition of the two tetracyclines studied, heat production decreased sharply. The heat production rose again 1 h after tetracycline had been added, but remained at a low level for at least 16 h after doxycycline.--The results suggest that there are differences in the kinetics of the antibacterial action of doxycycline and tetracycline. Microcalorimetric studies provide new information for determining antibacterial activities of antibiotics, information that cannot be obtained by means of conventional bacteriological techniques. Such studies might be of value for the establishment of optimal dose regimens.

Calorimetry↗
PubMed1975

New technique for quantitative bacteriological sampling of wounds by velvet pads: clinical sampling trial.

A new surface sampling method, the velvet pad rinse technique, was compared with the velvet pad imprint method, in a randomized bacteriological sampling trial, using surgical wounds to evaluate quantitative results. The efficiency of bacterial recovery was increased 20-fold by the new technique, and the improvement was ascribed in particular to the introduction of a procedure of rinsing the velvet pad after sampling.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Rapid slide technique with dextranomer beads for bacteriologic assessment of wounds in the elderly: comparison with quantitative biopsy method.

A rapid slide technique to provide quantitative bacteriologic assessment of wounds in elderly and debilitated patients is described. It involves the use of material from dextranomer-bead (Debrisan) wound dressings to replace tissue biopsy for deciding when a wound is ready for closure or when a specific therapy is no longer efficacious. In 27 patients an 81 percent correlation was demonstrated between the bacterial count as determined by the new method and that determined by the more complicated tissue biopsy.

Bacteria↗